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新概念第三冊 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 講義

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新概念第三冊 Lesson 14 A noble gangster 講義

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新概念第三冊
Lesson 14 A noble gangster
單詞精講
gangster n.歹徒,強盜
【釋義】從事非法和暴力活動(如搶劫、勒索、販毒等)的人,是犯罪團伙中的成員。
【詞源】源于美國英語,由“gang”(幫派)和“-ster”(表示人)組成,表示幫派中的成員,通常為犯罪分子。
【短語】gangster movie(黑幫電影);a notorious gangster(一個臭名昭著的歹徒)。
【例句】The gangster was finally caught by the police.(那個歹徒最終被警察抓住了。)
Chicago(n.芝加哥(美國城市))
【釋義】美國伊利諾伊州的一個大型城市,是重要的商業(yè)、金融、文化和交通中心。
【詞源】源于印第安語,可能是部落名稱或地理特征相關(guān)的詞匯。
【短語】Chicago Bulls(芝加哥公牛隊);Chicago Loop(芝加哥盧普區(qū))。
【例句】Many tourists visit Chicago every year.(每年有許多游客參觀芝加哥。)
protection(n.保護)
【釋義】使某人或某物免受傷害、危險或破壞的行為或狀態(tài)。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“protectio”,由“pro -”(在前面)和“tectere”(覆蓋、保護)組成。
【短語】environmental protection(環(huán)境保護);under the protection of(在……的保護下)。
【例句】The hat provides protection from the sun.(這頂帽子提供防曬保護。)
promptly(adv.準時地)
【釋義】及時地、迅速地、按照預(yù)定時間地。
【詞源】由“prompt”(迅速的、及時的)加上“-ly”構(gòu)成副詞形式。
【短語】arrive promptly(準時到達);promptly reply(及時回復(fù))。
【例句】He always finishes his work promptly.(他總是準時完成工作。)
destroy(v.毀掉;消滅)
【釋義】使某物完全損壞、破碎或不復(fù)存在,也可表示破壞關(guān)系、計劃等抽象事物。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“destruere”,由“de -”(向下、相反)和“struere”(建造)組成,即把建造的東西毀掉。
【短語】destroy evidence(銷毀證據(jù));destroy the environment(破壞環(huán)境)。
【例句】The fire destroyed the whole building.(大火毀掉了整座建筑物。)
remarkable(adj. 不尋常的)
【釋義】值得注意的、顯著的、非凡的,因具有特殊性質(zhì)或品質(zhì)而引起人們的關(guān)注。
【詞源】由“remark”(評論、注意)加上“-able”(可……的)組成,表示值得被注意的。
【短語】remarkable achievement(顯著的成就);a remarkable person(一個不尋常的人)。
【例句】His performance in the game was remarkable.(他在比賽中的表現(xiàn)很不尋常。)
hand(n. 幫,團伙)
【釋義】一群為了共同目的(通常是非法目的)而聚集在一起的人,類似于幫派。
【詞源】其表示“幫、團伙”的用法可能是從“手”的概念引申而來,暗示一群人攜手合作(往往是做壞事)。
【短語】a criminal hand(一個犯罪團伙);join hands(加入團伙,這里的hands表示團伙,是比較特殊的用法)。
【例句】That hand is involved in many illegal activities.(那個團伙參與了許多非法活動。)
Florence(n.佛羅倫薩(意大利城市))
【釋義】意大利中部的一個著名城市,是文藝復(fù)興的發(fā)源地之一,以其藝術(shù)、建筑和文化遺產(chǎn)而聞名。
【詞源】源自拉丁語,可能與城市的建立者或早期名稱有關(guān)。
【短語】Florence Cathedral(佛羅倫薩大教堂);Florence art(佛羅倫薩藝術(shù))。
【例句】Florence attracts a large number of art lovers every year.(佛羅倫薩每年吸引大量藝術(shù)愛好者。)
city - state(n.(古代)城邦)
【釋義】古代的一種城市形式,城市本身作為一個獨立的政治單位,擁有自己的政府、法律和軍隊,周圍可能有附屬的鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)。
【詞源】由“city”(城市)和“state”(國家、政權(quán))組成,表示城市形式的國家。
【短語】ancient city - state(古代城邦);the development of city - state(城邦的發(fā)展)。
【例句】Athens was a famous city - state in ancient Greece.(雅典是古希臘著名的城邦。)
hire(v. 租出,雇給)
【釋義】為了完成某項工作或使用某物而支付費用給某人,或者將自己擁有的東西(如房屋、車輛等)出租以獲取報酬。
【詞源】源自古英語“hyran”,有“租用、雇傭”的意思。
【短語】hire a car(租車);hire someone to do something(雇人做某事)。
【例句】They decided to hire a gardener to take care of their garden.(他們決定雇一個園丁來照料他們的花園。)
prince(n. 君主,諸侯)
【釋義】君主制國家中的男性統(tǒng)治者,通常是國王或皇帝的兒子或近親;也可指小國家或領(lǐng)地的統(tǒng)治者。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“princeps”,最初表示“首要的、第一的”,后來用于表示君主等重要人物。
【短語】prince charming(白馬王子);crown prince(王儲)。
【例句】The prince ruled the small kingdom.(這位君主統(tǒng)治著這個小王國。)
Florentine(n.佛羅倫薩人)
【釋義】指來自佛羅倫薩這個城市的人。
【詞源】由“Florence”(佛羅倫薩)加上“-ine”(表示人)構(gòu)成。
【短語】a famous Florentine(一位著名的佛羅倫薩人);Florentine culture(佛羅倫薩文化,這里強調(diào)由佛羅倫薩人所創(chuàng)造的文化)。
【例句】Many great artists were Florentines.(許多偉大的藝術(shù)家都是佛羅倫薩人。)
funeral(n.葬禮)
【釋義】為悼念死者而舉行的儀式,包括遺體的處理、告別儀式等。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“funus”,有“死亡、葬禮”的意思。
【短語】funeral service(葬禮服務(wù));attend a funeral(參加葬禮)。
【例句】Hundreds of people came to his funeral.(數(shù)百人來參加他的葬禮。)
dedicate(v. 奉獻,題獻給)
【釋義】將時間、精力、物品等專門用于某個目的、人或事業(yè);也可表示把作品(如書籍、音樂等)題獻給某人。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“dedicare”,由“de -”(強調(diào))和“dicare”(宣稱、奉獻)組成。
【短語】dedicate oneself to(致力于);dedicate a book to(將一本書題獻給)。
【例句】He dedicated his life to helping the poor.(他將自己的一生奉獻給幫助窮人的事業(yè)。)
memory(n.紀念)
【釋義】對過去的人、事、物的回憶;也可表示為紀念某人或某事而設(shè)立的事物(如紀念碑等)。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“memoria”,有“記憶、回憶”的意思。
【短語】in memory of(為了紀念);memory lane(回憶之路,指對過去的回憶)。
【例句】They built a statue in memory of the hero.(他們建造了一座雕像以紀念這位英雄。)
valiant(adj.英勇的)
【釋義】在面對危險、困難或敵人時表現(xiàn)出勇敢、無畏的。
【詞源】源自拉丁語“valere”(強壯、有價值),通過古法語進入英語。
【短語】valiant effort(英勇的努力);a valiant soldier(一名英勇的士兵)。
【例句】The valiant firefighters saved many lives.(英勇的消防員挽救了許多生命。)
二、課文精講
1.There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.曾經(jīng)有一個時期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板們不得不拿出大筆的錢給歹徒以換取'保護'。
when 引導(dǎo)狀語從句修飾time
There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.
pay large sums of money to sb. 向某人付大筆大筆的費用
in return for…,作“作為……的報答”講。目的是為了換取----作為對……的回報
Eg.: He gave me some books in return for my help.
2.If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a manout of businessby destroying his shop.如果交款不及時,歹徒們就會很快搗毀他的商店,讓他破產(chǎn)。
out of business, 倒閉,破產(chǎn)。
promptly: immediately
put a man out of business: 使某人失業(yè)
put sb./sth.out of...使某人失去……
Eg.: You are putting me out of patience.
Eg.: You have already put everything out of order.
put it out of your mind 忘記這件事情吧
by destroying his shop 通過……手段
Eg.: You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
3.Obtaining 'protection money' is not a modern crime.榨取'保護金'并不是一種現(xiàn)代的罪惡行徑。
obtaining...
obtaining: getting
4.As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery早在14世紀,英國人約翰.霍克伍德就有過非凡的發(fā)現(xiàn)
as long ago as, 作“追溯到”、“早在”講。注意要與as long as分開,后面這個短語作“只要”或“長達……之久”講。as long ago as=dating back to
Eg.: I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
make the remarkable discovery 做出不同尋常的發(fā)現(xiàn)
5.that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.'人們情愿拿出大筆的錢,也不愿畢生的心血毀于歹徒之手。
would rather ...than...寧愿而不 Eg.: He would rather die than surrender.
Eg.: I would rather play tennis than swim. would prefer to do ... than do...
would prefer doing ... to doing...
Eg.: He would prefer to die than surrender.
Eg.: He would prefer dying to surrendering. would rather/sooner+ that 賓語從句(過去式)
Eg.: I would rather that you were not here.
Eg.: I would rather that I didn't see you.
Eg.: He would rather that he didn't hear the news. would rather do than do
would rather that (that賓語從句中要出現(xiàn)動詞的過去時) 寧愿不做..."would rather not do life work 畢生的事業(yè)
Six hundred years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and settled near Florence.600年前,約翰.霍克伍德爵士帶著一隊士兵來到意大利,在佛羅倫薩附近駐扎下來, settled near Florence 定居在 Florence 附近
7.He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.很快就出了名。意大利人叫他喬凡尼.阿庫托。 made a name for himself, 出名了。 made a name for himself: become famous Eg.: They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop e to/get to 漸漸的
come to be known 漸漸被人所熟知
Eg.: I come to be known to my students.
Eg.: I got to know him
8.Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other,每次意大利各城邦之間打伏, whenever 無論什么時候 be at war with…, 與……處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)。 at war 交戰(zhàn); at war with 于……交戰(zhàn)
9.In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and,和平時期,當(dāng)生意蕭條時,霍克伍德便帶領(lǐng)士兵進入某個城邦, in times of peace, 在和平時期。 march into 大踏步行軍
10.after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.縱火燒毀一兩個農(nóng)場,然后提出,如向他們繳納保護金,他們便主動撤離。 burn down 燒毀/burn up 燒光/burn out 燒空 would offer to go away: would promise to go away
In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.盡管如此,意大利人還是把他視作某種英雄。 a sort of hero, 某種英雄。sort of作“可以說是一種”講。 Eg.: the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero. in spite of this 盡管如此
12.and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.并為他畫像以紀念這位“驍勇無比的戰(zhàn)士、杰出的領(lǐng)袖喬凡尼.阿庫托先生”。
have sth.done which 指代picture be dedicated to the memory of sb. the most valiant 比較級的最高級形式 Signor 意大利語,先生

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