資源簡介

第17章連詞
17-1連詞是用來連接詞、短語、從句或句子的詞。連詞不作成分
連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨立擔任句子成分,只能在詞、短語、從句或句子之間起連接作用。
[例] I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here what a great time I had.“我告訴爸爸、媽媽、姐姐和這里我所有的朋友說我玩得多么高興。”
and是連詞,連接三個并列的名詞 Mother, Father, Sister和一個名詞短語all my friends.
[例] Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into pocket ________ turned over to the policeman
A. and B. or C. then d. but
答案是B。“在街上撿到的這個錢包是裝進口袋呢,還是交給警察呢 ”句中or為連詞,連接兩個作謂語的動詞短語。
[例]“Hand up ________ get out! “
A. or B. and C. but D. to
答案是B。“舉起手來滾出去!”and為連詞,連接兩個并列的分句。
17-2連詞分為兩類:并列連詞和從屬連詞
①連接等同成份的詞是并列連詞。等同成分可以是單詞、短語、分句或句子。連接兩個句子時,則構成并列句。詳見第24章并列句.
[例] ---- I don' 't like chicken ______fish.
-----I don't like chicken, ________I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but
C. or, and D. or, but
答案是D。一“我不喜歡雞肉和魚肉。”一“我不喜歡雞肉,但是我特別喜歡魚肉。”第一句中的or連接兩個名詞,看作簡單句。第二句中的but連接兩個句子,構成并列句。
②把從句和主句連接起來的詞叫作從屬連詞。從屬連詞可分為兩類:一類引導名詞性從句;另一類引導副詞性從句
[例] ______ you don't' like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
答案是C。“你不喜歡他,這與我無關。”句中連詞that引導名詞性從句。that本身無詞義,只起連接作用,在從句中不擔任任何成分;而 其它引導名詞性從句的連詞在從句中要擔任一定的成分。如“what”, “whether等。
[例] ______he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B.That C. That fact D. The matter
答案是A。“他在會上所說的話使在場的人大吃一驚。”連詞what引導名詞性從句,在句中作主語,而它在從句中作動詞said的賓語。
[例] If _______ by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a message. “如果碰巧有人找我,請他們留個信。”
連詞if在句中引導副詞性從句----條件狀語從句。
17-3從語義上看,并列連詞有四種:表示平行關系、轉折關系、選擇關系 和因果關系
常見并列連詞分類表
注:當這些并列連詞連接兩個主語(如:A…B)時,標“*”者,謂語動詞要與后一主語(B)一致;標“▲”者,要與兩個主語(A+B)的“和”一致,用復數動詞;標“。”者,一律與前一主語(A)一致。參見“第二章主謂一致”
17-4表示平行或對等關系的并列連詞使用中要注意連詞前后的成分一定是對等的,而且是同向的
[例] Jim wanted very much to' make his mark in music but finally he succeeded with the help of his teacher。
答案是： 將but改為and。 “吉姆很想在音樂上成名,而且在老師的幫助下他終于成功了。”根據句意,兩個分句是并列的關系,而不是轉折的關,故應改正之。
注：當幾項成分用and表示并列關系時,一般只在最后兩項之間用and,其前的各成分間用逗號;但若是強調各個 成分時,也有各成分間都用and連接的。
[例] Special courses in English for business, travel, banking, hotel manage-ment and office skills are taught in Modern English school.“現代英語學校教授英語特別課程:商業、旅游、銀行業、旅館管理和辦公技巧。
[例] Here for four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking.
“就在這里,他們非常艱難地工作了四年,把他們能抽出的每一分鐘都用上了,稱呀,煮呀,量呀,計算呀,思考呀。”
本句中幾個分詞間都用and連接,既強調動作的連續性,又意味著動作循環往復,沒完沒了。
[例] Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.
“查爾斯和琳達·梅森做所有的事,還爬大樓。”
答案是把句中的 climbed改為 climbing因為 as well as是并列連詞, 它前后的成分應該是同等的。前面是一名詞 these things;后面應為動名詞。
[例] Neither he nor I _____am wrong.(或: Neither I nor he is wrong)“他和我都沒錯。”
17-5表示轉折關系的并列連詞在使用中要注意連詞前后的成分是對等的,但意義是相反的
[例] This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City.
________this day was to be different.
A. And B. So C. But D. Thus
答案是C。“這是紐約城又一個平常日子的開始。但這一天將與以往不同。”but是轉折連詞,連接兩個并列的分句,但它們的意思是反向的。
[例] He was tired, yet he kept on working“他累了,然而他仍繼續工作。”
[例] He thought I was talking about her daughter, ______ , in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
答案是D。“她以為我在談論她的女兒,而實際上我談的是我女兒。”
17-6表示選擇關系的并列連詞在使用中要注意連詞前后的成分是對等的,但意思是有所取舍的
[例] Would you like a cup of coffee, ______ shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
答案是C。“你是先喝一杯咖啡呢,還是我們立刻就坐下來辦正事 ”
注:當要同時否定兩個成分時,若共用一個否定詞,則要用or連接兩個成分;若用and,則必須重復使用否定詞。
[例] No warship they had could match the Bismarck in speed or in firepower.他們所有的軍艦在速度和火力上都無法與畢什馬克號相匹敵。
[例] A clock has no legs and no mouth, but-it can walk and tell the time.
=A clock hasn't legs or a mouth, but it can walk and tell the time. “鐘沒有腿,也沒有嘴,但它能走,還能告訴時間。”
[例]You may either stay here or go with me.你可以呆在這兒,也可以跟我去。
[例] _______ is often the main reguirement in speaking.
A. Clearness rather than loudness B. Loudness rather than clearness
C. Either clearness or loudness D. Neither loudness nor clearness
答案是A。“在講話中,最主要的要求是清晰,而不是大聲。”
17-7表示因果關系的并列連詞在使用中要注意連詞前后的成分是對等的,但前后兩分句一個表原因,一個表結果
[例] It must be morning now, for birds are singing.“一定已是早晨了,因為鳥兒已在歌唱了。”鳥兒歌唱只是補充性說明,并不是鳥兒一唱天就必須亮,這里沒有強烈的因果關系。
注:并列連詞for表示“因為”、“由于”時,for引出的分句一般置于句尾,其前常有逗號。它所表達的原因只是一種補充性的說明或輔助性的理由(而不像 because那樣去表強烈的因果)。
[例] Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came back. “海倫把鑰匙落在了辦公室里,因此她只好等到她丈夫回來。
注: because和so只能選用其一,而不可同時用于一個句中。
[例] It rained therefore the football match was put off.天下雨,所以足球
比賽延期了。”
17-8從屬連詞的作用:引導大多數副詞性從句(狀語從句),和少數名詞性從句
注:when和 which等引導名詞性從句時,分別稱為連接副詞和連接代詞;引導形容詞性從句時,分別稱為關系副詞和關系代詞,都在從句中作成分。不叫“連詞”。
17-9連詞that引導名詞性從句時,沒有詞義引導狀語從句時表示“為了”,“以致于”
[例] It so happened that I know the man. “碰巧我認得那人。”
that在句中引導主語從句, 沒有詞義。
[例]She heard the news that he would come.“她聽說他要來。”從句 that引導同位語從句,沒有詞義。
[例]let's move bit farther so that we may arrive earlier.咱們快點走吧,好早點到達。”
(so)that引導目的狀語從句,意思是“為了”或“以便”。
[例] She' was so touched that she could not say word.“她感動得說不出話來。”
that引導結果狀語從句,意思是“以致于”。
17-10既能引導狀語從句,又有引導名詞性從句的if和 whether
①在表示“是否”的意思時, whether和 if都能引導賓語從句。但在正式文體中, 句中有 or not時,則只能用 whether.
[例] I want to know whether (或 if ) you still work there.“我想知道春”你是否還在那兒工作。”
[例] I wonder whether it is big enough or not.“我不知道它是否夠大。”
②引導主語、表語、同位語從句,只能用 whether,不能用if
[例] Whether it is true (or not) remains question. “它是不是真的還是一個問題。”(whether引導主語從句)
[例] The question is whether we should call in specialist.問題是我們是否應該邀請一位專家。”(whether引導表語從句)
③作介詞的賓語時,或在不定式前,與不定式組成詞組時,只用 whether,不用if
[例] I haven't' settled the question of whether I'll' go back home.“我還沒決定是否要回家去。”(Whether引導的從句作介詞of的賓語)
[例] She hasn't' decided whether to go or not.“她還沒有決定去還是不去。
④作 discuss等詞的賓語時,只用 whether,不用if
[例] We discussed whether we should close the shop.“我們討論是否該關閉那家商店。”
⑤表示“假如”的意思,引導條件狀語從句時,只能用if,不用 whether。
[例] If had a long enough holiday, I' d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places.如果我的假期夠長,我將遍訪歐洲,在每一個有 趣的小地方都做停留。
⑥表示“不管”、“無論”的意思,引導讓步狀語從句,用 whether.
[例] Whether you can see the moon or not, it is always round.“不管你看見看不見月亮,它總是圓的。
17-11when和 while可以作從屬連詞,也可以作并列連詞
when和 while作從屬連詞時,引導時間狀語從句[參見狀語從句]
when作并列連詞時,意思是“就在這時突然…”而 while作并列連詞時意思是“然而”。
[例] I was wandering in the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop. “我正在街上溜達,突然看見一個裁縫店。”
[例] like playing basketball, while my sister likes playing tennis.“我喜歡打籃球,然而我妹妹喜歡打網球。”
17-12when作連詞時,引導狀語從句;作連接副詞時,引導名詞性從句;作關系副詞時,引導定語從句;作疑問副詞時,引出特殊疑問句
[例] he left school at fourteen, he began to train as an engineer.
A. Since B. When C. Then D.But
答案是B。“當他十四歲離開學校時,他開始接受工程師培訓。”when 引導狀語從句,表示時間。
[例] I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案是A。“我還記得那是個寧靜的村莊的時候。when引導名詞性從句,作賓語。
[例] I shall never forget those years______ I lived in the country with the farmers.
A. that B. when C. which D. who
答案是B。“我將永遠忘不了我在農村和農民同生活的那些年月。” when引導定語從句。
[例] When will you go to Beijing ”你什么時候去北京
When在句中是疑問副詞,引出特殊疑問句。
第17章“連詞”專項能力訓練題
I選擇填空:
1. —Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother
—I don't know,
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
2. Why do you want a new job ________you've got such a good one already
A. that B. where C. which D. when
3. In spring it is________ hot ________cold here.
A. both, and B. either, or C. neither, nor D. not only, but
4. ________you________ I am mad.
A. Either, or B. Not. But c. Not only,and D.Each, and
5. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ________harm them.
A. more than B. other than
C. rather than D. better than
6. It took me ________ to think this out, and by that I had come to a decision.
A. an hour or two B. one hour or two
C. one hour and two D. an hour and two
7. Each of them weighs one and a half tons________ more.
A. or B. yet C. and D. nor
8. ________allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
A. In order to B. Rather than C. Instead of D. Not to
9. ________ does he write well, ________he (also)speaks well.
A. Not only, but B. Not, but
C. Either, or D. Both, and
10. You may do it yourself, ________ask someone else to do it.
A. or B. and C. So D. yet
11. I know nothing about him________ he is an American.
A. besides B. except that C. but D. and
12. It must have rained last night, ________the ground is still wet.
A.so B. for C. or D. but
13. He asked ________for the piano.
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
14. They had no sooner arrived at the airport________ it was time to check in.
A. when B. than C. before D. then
15. Jane was dressed in red ________ Mary was dressed in black.
A. however B. when C. while D.as
Ⅱ用所給連詞填空:
(unless, although, or, as, but, because, if, while, and, until)
1. My father is very thin ________ he is in good health.
2. Li Ming failed in this English test ________ he didn't work hard at it.
3. They still didn't stop cutting the rice________ it was raining hard.
4. You'll hurt yourself ________ you are always riding on a bike so fast.
5. The students didn't leave the classroom________ the teacher asked them to.
6. Hurry up ________you'll miss the early train.
7. He will be unable to work out the maths problem________ I help him.
8. The children were listening carefully to him________ the old man was telling a moving story.
9. Knock at the door, ______ it will be opened.
10. Great _____ Einstein was, he was never proud.

展開更多......

收起↑