資源簡介

課題：閱讀理解 總第39課時
教學目標：1.復習講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。教學重點：1.講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。教學難點：1.講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。課時安排：1課時
教 學 過 程 個 性 修 改　　
第一課時一、題型概述根據已給出的一段文章，對文章的內容進行了解，然后回答后續提出的有關文章內容的提問。在英語閱讀中一般是以選擇題的形式進行考查。中考中閱讀理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此閱讀理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章體裁多樣，貼近學生生活，兼顧趣味性和啟發性。常見的閱讀理解題型包括：事實細節題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題。二、策略解讀1.事實細節題（1）跳讀查找法這個方法的要點在于先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以 what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。【例題1】 These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客）to break into their accounts（賬戶）. Here is some advice.…*Change the passwords every three months.How often should we change the passwords according to the text （ ）A. Every month. B. Every two months. C. Every three months.（2）簡單計算法數字計算題也是事實細節題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時,考生首先要弄清題干的要求是什么，然后找到與它相關的數字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最后計算出正確答案。【例題2】 Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock musicHow many kinds of music does it mention （ ）A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.2.推理判斷題（1）抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用正向推理或逆向思維，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。【例題3】 But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids… Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions （ ）A. Teachers. B. Kids. C. Parents.（2）根據上下文的邏輯關系得出結論不同的文章有不同的寫作方法和文章結構。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段與段之間、句與句之間都存在著某種邏輯關系。抓住了這種邏輯關系，也就把握住了作者的寫作思路和寫作意圖。【例題4】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相對論）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Which writing skill is used in this paragraph （ ）A. Giving an example. B. Listing numbers. C. Comparing facts.（3）結合常識進行推斷有些文章，如科普類說明文、記敘類時政要聞等文體需要具有一定的背景知識。因此，解答此類文章的題目，除了把握相關文段的細節外，還應注意充分運用自己的常識，結合題目去分析推理。【例題5】 What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in below-freezing weather Would it freeze and fall to the ground Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it These questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles… I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It's so much fun. I want to try it again next year!What is the best title for the passage （ ）A. A Science Club B. Broken Bubbles C. Frozen Bubbles3.詞義猜測題（1）通過詞根、詞綴推測生詞的含義在英語中一個基本詞根加上各種不同的詞綴構成不同詞性或不同詞義的單詞，叫衍生詞。一般前綴改變詞義，后綴改變詞性。例如：①詞根：act v. 行為（詞根）→active adj. 積極的，活躍的care n. 小心（詞根）→careful adj. 小心的②前綴：un-“不”→unhappy（不高興的）； re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去”→disorder（雜亂，無秩序）③后綴：-ist人→artist（藝術家）； -less沒有、無→careless粗心的【例題6】 I want him to know I accept him unconditionally . I don't even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities.What does the underlined word “unconditionally” mean？（ ）A. 慎重地 B. 無條件地 C. 不耐煩地（2）通過上下文推測生詞的含義通過上下文推測生詞含義的方法有4種：同義法、反義法、邏輯法和常識法。①同義法利用解釋推測單詞的意思。a. 用動詞或短語（be, mean, refer to等）給出前面生詞的含義。【例題7】 Self-awareness means knowing your thoughts, feelings and behavior, and understanding how you fit into the world.What does the underlined word “self-awareness” mean？（ ）A. The feeling that encourages you to cheer up.B. The action that makes you examine yourself.C. The ability that helps you see yourself clearly.b. 通過舉例的方法給出生詞的含義。【例題8】 Speakers can watch the video again and again, pay attention to a different part of the speech each time. Elements such as speed and body language can get the attention they need.What does the underlined word “elements ” probably mean in the text？（ ）A. main points B. small facts C. different ideasc. 通過生詞后括號內或者破折號后的內容給出生詞的含義。【例題9】 People in East China's Fujian Province eat tofu balls during the festival. They often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business—hoping everything goes well.What does the underlined word “pray ” mean in Chinese （ ）A. 奉獻 B. 祈禱 C. 款待d. 通過生詞的同位語或定語給出生詞的含義。【例題10】 He’s a barber , that's to say, a person whose job is to cut men's hair.What does the underlined word “barber” mean in Chinese （ ）A. 調酒師 B. 看門人 C. 理發師②反義法在閱讀過程中，如有but, though, however等表示轉折的詞和unlike, different from, on the contrary等表示對比關系的詞或表達出現，那就表明這些詞語的前后是兩個完全相反的概念。【例題11】 Their geography teacher is serious but their art teacher is great fun.What does the underlined word “serious” mean？（ ）A. 嚴肅的 B. 幽默的 C. 有才華的③邏輯法邏輯法是利用句子間的類比、因果、遞進等邏輯關系推測生詞的含義的方法。此時可重點關注以下內容：表示類比的詞或短語有similarly, in the same way等表達，表示因果關系的詞或短語有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等表達,表示遞進關系的詞或短語有and then, even, in fact等表達。【例題12】 The crow（烏鴉）flew after him, making all kinds of comments（評價）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn't see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle（努力） to keep himself from falling into the water.What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean （ ）A. tired B. angry C. frightened④常識法常識法是利用科普知識和生活常識推測生詞含義的方法。【例題13】 When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.What does the underlined word “steam” mean？（ ）A. 小溪 B. 水蒸氣 C. 地下水4.主旨大意題（1）看關鍵位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能體現在以下幾個關鍵位置：第一段的第一句，開門見山闡述主題；第一段的最后一句，在文章開頭進行鋪墊后引出本文話題；每一段的第一句，常為分論點支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往體現作者的觀點、態度和建議。【例題14】 Come and buy books at our great sale! Here is the information about some new books. You will get 50% off if you buy three or more books together.Chinese Clothing（￥50）It’s written by Hua Mei, a professor of a university…A Little Bit of Beijing（￥60）The writers are Li Han and Hu Yan…The Brightest from the Best（￥40）The writers are Hong and Zhang Xiaolong…Stories of China（￥30）It’s written in both English and Chinese…What do you know from the passage （ ）A. An introduction to some books.B. A list of several bookstores.C. A report on famous writers.（2）看全文復現頻率最高的詞。全文出現次數最多的詞往往就是該文章的題眼。【例題15】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相對論）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Daydreaming, called“thought experiments” by Einstein, can make you have wild imaginings, like flying around in space. …Daydreaming for a while each day can improve your health and creativity.Disappearing into a daydream lets your mind escape when things are difficult.…Daydreaming also inspires creativity and lets you find new worlds where there are no limits（限制）to what you can do or who you are. …So next time you're stuck with homework, stop for a moment and see where your daydreams take you.Why is daydreaming talked about （ ）A. To show a science research result.B. To remind people to have a mind break.C. To find solutions to homework problems.三、實踐應用（2024·江蘇連云港中考改編）As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people's likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.People may make facial expressions（面部表情）when eating. How does it affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西蘭花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.How does the behavior of adults influence children's choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in Paragraph 2 mean （ ）A. Excited. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed.2．What's the result of the study （ ）A. People may prefer the food others like.B. Children dislike eating certain vegetables.C. People may not choose the food others dislike.3．On what further study may the team do （ ）A. The safety of children's food.B. The wish to understand children.C. The influences of parents' behavior.4．What is the best title of the text （ ）A. Videos Affect Choices of FoodB. Studies on Vegetables Help a LotC. Opinions on Vegetables Influence Others
板書設計：
作業布置：作業手冊重點題型專訓：專題一 閱讀理解相關習題。
教學反思課題：閱讀理解 總第39課時
教學目標：1.復習講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。教學重點：1.講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。教學難點：1.講解閱讀理解題型的解題技巧。課時安排：1課時。
教 學 過 程 個 性 修 改　　
第一課時一、題型概述根據已給出的一段文章，對文章的內容進行了解，然后回答后續提出的有關文章內容的提問。在英語閱讀中一般是以選擇題的形式進行考查。中考中閱讀理解所占的分值比重非常高，因此閱讀理解的重要性不言而喻。此部分的文章體裁多樣，貼近學生生活，兼顧趣味性和啟發性。常見的閱讀理解題型包括：事實細節題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題、主旨大意題。二、策略解讀1.事實細節題（1）跳讀查找法這個方法的要點在于先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以 what, who, where, when, why, how 提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。【例題1】 These people are trying to make life easy for themselves. But they are also making it easy for hackers（黑客）to break into their accounts（賬戶）. Here is some advice.…*Change the passwords every three months.How often should we change the passwords according to the text （C）A. Every month. B. Every two months. C. Every three months.[解析]點撥：從問題“How often…”可知要找與頻率、數字有關的細節，從“Change the passwords every three months. ”可知答案為C。（2）簡單計算法數字計算題也是事實細節題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時,考生首先要弄清題干的要求是什么，然后找到與它相關的數字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最后計算出正確答案。【例題2】 Choice of music: folk music, pop music, rock musicHow many kinds of music does it mention （A）A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.[解析]點撥：從文中“folk music, pop music, rock music”, 可知答案為A。2.推理判斷題（1）抓住特定關鍵信息進行正向或逆向推理做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用正向推理或逆向思維，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。【例題3】 But not every new toy is invented that way. Some of the best inventions are made by kids… Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.Whom may the writer call on to try ideas for new inventions （B）A. Teachers. B. Kids. C. Parents.[解析]點撥：根據“Some of the best inventions are made by kids.”和“Do you have a great idea for a new invention Give your idea a try.”可知，文章是鼓勵孩子們進行發明創造，故選B。（2）根據上下文的邏輯關系得出結論不同的文章有不同的寫作方法和文章結構。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段與段之間、句與句之間都存在著某種邏輯關系。抓住了這種邏輯關系，也就把握住了作者的寫作思路和寫作意圖。【例題4】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相對論）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Which writing skill is used in this paragraph （A）A. Giving an example. B. Listing numbers. C. Comparing facts.[解析]點撥：根據“When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old…”可知開頭通過愛因斯坦的例子引出了本文的話題。故選A。（3）結合常識進行推斷有些文章，如科普類說明文、記敘類時政要聞等文體需要具有一定的背景知識。因此，解答此類文章的題目，除了把握相關文段的細節外，還應注意充分運用自己的常識，結合題目去分析推理。【例題5】 What would happen if you tried to blow a soap bubble in below-freezing weather Would it freeze and fall to the ground Would you have to hit it with a stone to break it These questions came into my mind one cold winter day. It was too cold to play in the snow, but it was a perfect time to experiment with blowing frozen bubbles… I learned one other thing about blowing frozen bubbles. It's so much fun. I want to try it again next year!What is the best title for the passage （C）A. A Science Club B. Broken Bubbles C. Frozen Bubbles[解析]點撥：本文主要介紹了作者為了查明在低于冰點的天氣里吹肥皂泡會發生什么而做了一個實驗，故文章以“凍結的氣泡”為標題最合適。故選C。3.詞義猜測題（1）通過詞根、詞綴推測生詞的含義在英語中一個基本詞根加上各種不同的詞綴構成不同詞性或不同詞義的單詞，叫衍生詞。一般前綴改變詞義，后綴改變詞性。例如：①詞根：act v. 行為（詞根）→active adj. 積極的，活躍的care n. 小心（詞根）→careful adj. 小心的②前綴：un-“不”→unhappy（不高興的）； re-“又，再，重新”→replay（重放）dis-“否定，除去”→disorder（雜亂，無秩序）③后綴：-ist人→artist（藝術家）； -less沒有、無→careless粗心的【例題6】 I want him to know I accept him unconditionally . I don't even want Peter to feel that I will love him only if he behaves in a certain way or takes part in some activities.What does the underlined word “unconditionally” mean？（B）A. 慎重地 B. 無條件地 C. 不耐煩地[解析]點撥：condition為詞根，意思是“條件”；conditional “有條件的”為形容詞，其中-al為形容詞后綴；conditionally“有條件地”為副詞，其中-ly為副詞后綴；在副詞conditionally前面加上一個表示否定意義的-un前綴，構成unconditionally “無條件地”，故選B。（2）通過上下文推測生詞的含義通過上下文推測生詞含義的方法有4種：同義法、反義法、邏輯法和常識法。①同義法利用解釋推測單詞的意思。a. 用動詞或短語（be, mean, refer to等）給出前面生詞的含義。【例題7】 Self-awareness means knowing your thoughts, feelings and behavior, and understanding how you fit into the world.What does the underlined word “self-awareness” mean？（C）A. The feeling that encourages you to cheer up.B. The action that makes you examine yourself.C. The ability that helps you see yourself clearly.[解析]點撥：從“Self-awareness means…”中“means”（意思是/意味著）的含義可知，后面的“knowing your thoughts， feelings and behavior，and understanding how you fit into the world”就是對Self-awareness的解釋，“了解自己的想法、感受和行為，了解自己如何融入這個世界” 就是自我意識，故選C。b. 通過舉例的方法給出生詞的含義。【例題8】 Speakers can watch the video again and again, pay attention to a different part of the speech each time. Elements such as speed and body language can get the attention they need.What does the underlined word “elements ” probably mean in the text？（A）A. main points B. small facts C. different ideas[解析]點撥：從“such as speed and body language”（速度和肢體語言）的意思可知，文中速度和肢體語言指的就是要素，故答案為A。c. 通過生詞后括號內或者破折號后的內容給出生詞的含義。【例題9】 People in East China's Fujian Province eat tofu balls during the festival. They often make tofu and vegetable balls to pray for family and business—hoping everything goes well.What does the underlined word “pray ” mean in Chinese （B）A. 奉獻 B. 祈禱 C. 款待[解析]點撥：從破折號后面的“hoping everything goes well”（希望一切都好）可知pray的意思為“祈禱”。故選B。d. 通過生詞的同位語或定語給出生詞的含義。【例題10】 He’s a barber , that's to say, a person whose job is to cut men's hair.What does the underlined word “barber” mean in Chinese （C）A. 調酒師 B. 看門人 C. 理發師[解析]點撥：“that's to say”的意思是“即”，表示解釋，也就是說后面那句話就是對“barber”的解釋，故選C。②反義法在閱讀過程中，如有but, though, however等表示轉折的詞和unlike, different from, on the contrary等表示對比關系的詞或表達出現，那就表明這些詞語的前后是兩個完全相反的概念。【例題11】 Their geography teacher is serious but their art teacher is great fun.What does the underlined word “serious” mean？（A）A. 嚴肅的 B. 幽默的 C. 有才華的[解析]點撥：從“…but their art teacher is great fun”（但是他們的美術老師很有趣）可知，but前面的serious所表達的意思與fun相反，故選A。③邏輯法邏輯法是利用句子間的類比、因果、遞進等邏輯關系推測生詞的含義的方法。此時可重點關注以下內容：表示類比的詞或短語有similarly, in the same way等表達，表示因果關系的詞或短語有as a result, therefore, because, due to, in order to等表達,表示遞進關系的詞或短語有and then, even, in fact等表達。【例題12】 The crow（烏鴉）flew after him, making all kinds of comments（評價）about his flying. They flew on and on till they couldn't see the land and there was nothing but water on all sides. The crow was making fewer and fewer comments. He was so exhausted that he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle（努力） to keep himself from falling into the water.What does the underlined word “exhausted” mean （A）A. tired B. angry C. frightened[解析]點撥：從 “…he found it hard to stay in the air, and had to struggle to keep himself from falling into the water.”可知“它很累了”，故選A。④常識法常識法是利用科普知識和生活常識推測生詞含義的方法。【例題13】 When water gets very hot, it becomes steam.What does the underlined word “steam” mean？（B）A. 小溪 B. 水蒸氣 C. 地下水[解析]點撥：從“When water gets very hot”（當水變熱時）可知，“它就變成了水蒸氣”。這是生活常識，故選B。4.主旨大意題（1）看關鍵位置。文章的主旨大意一般最有可能體現在以下幾個關鍵位置：第一段的第一句，開門見山闡述主題；第一段的最后一句，在文章開頭進行鋪墊后引出本文話題；每一段的第一句，常為分論點支持文章中心思想；全文最后一句，往往體現作者的觀點、態度和建議。【例題14】 Come and buy books at our great sale! Here is the information about some new books. You will get 50% off if you buy three or more books together.Chinese Clothing（￥50）It’s written by Hua Mei, a professor of a university…A Little Bit of Beijing（￥60）The writers are Li Han and Hu Yan…The Brightest from the Best（￥40）The writers are Hong and Zhang Xiaolong…Stories of China（￥30）It’s written in both English and Chinese…What do you know from the passage （A）A. An introduction to some books.B. A list of several bookstores.C. A report on famous writers.[解析]點撥：根據“Here is the information about some new books. ”可知本文主要是一些書的介紹，故選A。（2）看全文復現頻率最高的詞。全文出現次數最多的詞往往就是該文章的題眼。【例題15】 When the famous scientist Albert Einstein was 16 years old, he imagined himself riding alongside a beam（束）of light. He used this picture in mind to help him when working out the “theory of relativity（相對論）”. “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” said Einstein.Daydreaming, called“thought experiments” by Einstein, can make you have wild imaginings, like flying around in space. …Daydreaming for a while each day can improve your health and creativity.Disappearing into a daydream lets your mind escape when things are difficult.…Daydreaming also inspires creativity and lets you find new worlds where there are no limits（限制）to what you can do or who you are. …So next time you're stuck with homework, stop for a moment and see where your daydreams take you.Why is daydreaming talked about （B）A. To show a science research result.B. To remind people to have a mind break.C. To find solutions to homework problems.[解析]點撥：全文復現頻率最高的詞是“daydream”“daydreaming”，第二、三段多次出現了“creativity”，與思考有關，第三段也出現了“mind”, 本文主要介紹了白日夢的好處，并提醒人們要讓大腦休息一下。故選B。三、實踐應用（2024·江蘇連云港中考改編）As we know, eating vegetables is good for us. Why do some people like them but others don’t A new study has found that other people's likes and dislikes could be a reason. According to the research, people who eat vegetables and show a clear dislike for them can influence others.People may make facial expressions（面部表情）when eating. How does it affect a person watching them A team of scientists in the UK did a study. They asked more than 200 young women to watch videos of other adults eating broccoli（西蘭花）. The people in the videos had different expressions while eating. They would smile, seem neutral（neither happy nor sad）, or look disgusted.The study found that when people in the videos look disgusted while eating broccoli, people watching them began to like broccoli less. The opposite was not true, however. When someone had a smile while eating broccoli, people watching them did not like broccoli more.By watching others, humans learn which behaviors will be good for them. Scientists believe that people might avoid food that looks terrible. In this way, people can protect themselves from eating something bad or dangerous.The research focused only on adults, but the team believe that the results could also work for children. This means, if children see their parents not enjoying certain foods, including vegetables, they might not want to eat them either.How does the behavior of adults influence children's choices of food The team said they hope to understand more about it. This could help find ways to encourage children to eat more healthy foods.1．What does the underlined word “disgusted” in Paragraph 2 mean （B）A. Excited. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed.2．What's the result of the study （C）A. People may prefer the food others like.B. Children dislike eating certain vegetables.C. People may not choose the food others dislike.3．On what further study may the team do （C）A. The safety of children's food.B. The wish to understand children.C. The influences of parents' behavior.4．What is the best title of the text （C）A. Videos Affect Choices of FoodB. Studies on Vegetables Help a LotC. Opinions on Vegetables Influence Others
板書設計：
作業布置：作業手冊重點題型專訓：專題一 閱讀理解相關習題。
教學反思

展開更多......

收起↑