資源簡介

Unit 4 Exploring literature
Welcome to the unit & Reading (I)（教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)）
I. Learning objectives
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. know about the structure, the figure of speech and writing skills used in the text;
2. express their opinions on what qualities a great work of literature should have;
3. talk about their favourite work of literature by the three qualities.
II. Key competence focus
1. Analyse the writing skills used in the text.
2. Talk about their favourite work of literature by the three qualities.
III. Predicted area of difficulty
Talk about their favourite work of literature by the three qualities.
IV. Teaching procedures
Step 1 Lead-in
T asks Ss to read the excerpts from two famous works of literature and discuss the following questions.
Which of the excerpts makes you feel like reading the whole book Why
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過閱讀文學(xué)名著的摘錄，引出本節(jié)課話題，啟發(fā)學(xué)生思考，從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀興趣。】
2. T asks Ss to talk about what their favourite work of literature is and why they like it. They can follow the structure:
My favourite work of literature is entitled _________________.
It’s a(n) _________________ (autobiography, biography, short story collection, poetry collection, science fiction, detective novel, romance story, etc.).
It’s about _________________.
The main characters are _________________ (names, appearances, personalities, etc.).
The most impressive part is that _________________.
I like this book because _________________.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：讓學(xué)生自由表達(dá)自己最喜愛的文學(xué)名著，為后面環(huán)節(jié)中對自己最喜愛的文學(xué)名著的特征分析做鋪墊。】
Step 2 Pre-reading
T asks Ss to think about the questions before they read the text:
What qualities do you think a great work of literature should have
What are some of the benefits of reading literature
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過討論上述學(xué)生感興趣的話題，加強(qiáng)學(xué)生間的交流與合作，調(diào)動積極的情感因素。引領(lǐng)學(xué)生關(guān)注文章的中心詞qualities，學(xué)生通過討論，初步思考文學(xué)名著有什么樣的特征，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生預(yù)測性思維能力。】
T asks Ss to predict the content of the text according the title.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：通過閱讀標(biāo)題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生預(yù)測內(nèi)容，產(chǎn)生探究的意愿。】
Step 3 Reading for main ideas and details
T asks Ss to find out the structure of the text and the main idea of each part.
Part 1 (Paras. 1–2): Introduction (the story of a child and a man to introduce the topic)
Part 2 (Paras. 3–5): Body (three qualities of literature)
Part 3 (Para. 6): Summary
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過找主題句快速獲取段落主旨，概括段落大意和分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的概括能力和分析能力。】
2. T asks Ss to read paras. 1 and 2 and answer the following questions:
What did the child hear
How did the man explain what the child heard
What do we need to do in order to enter and enjoy the new world of literature
What does the child stand for
What does the man stand for
How is the story of the child and the man related to the topic of literature
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：精讀第一段和第二段，通過回答一系列問題，弄清楚作者怎樣通過一個(gè)在海邊發(fā)生的故事來引入本文話題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注故事引入法在寫作中的應(yīng)用。】
3. T asks Ss to read paras. 3–5 of the text.
(1) T asks Ss to complete a chart about the three qualities of literature.
(2) T asks Ss to analyse the structure of the third and fourth paragraphs.
① T asks Ss to analyse the third paragraph.
T: These two paragraphs follow the structure of general statement supported by examples. Let’s try the third paragraph.
Topic sentence: The first quality of literature is its description of truth and beauty.
Supporting sentence: Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.
Example: A hundred men may pass a field and see only dead grass; but a poet stops, looks deeper, sees truth and beauty, and writes, “Yesterday’s flowers am I.” One who reads it is capable of seeing the beauty that was hidden from his eyes before.
② T asks Ss to analyse the fourth paragraph.
Topic sentence: The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination.
Supporting sentence: Its attraction lies more in what it awakens in us than what it says.
Example: When Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus asks in the presence of Helen, “Was this the face that launched a thousand ships ” he opens a door through which our imagination enters a new world, a world of love, beauty and heroism.
③ T asks Ss to analyse the structure of the fifth paragraph.
Topic sentence: The third quality of literature, coming out of the other two, is its permanence.
Supporting sentences: To achieve this, it should contain two elements: universal interest and personal style.
The element of universal interest: Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.
The element of personal style: It also takes on a personal style—no writer can describe human life without reflecting his own life and experiences.
4. T asks Ss to answer the following questions:
Why does the author give the example of a poet
He wants to prove that some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention.
What is universal about good literature according to the author
Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：精讀三個(gè)主體段落，幫助學(xué)生理清文學(xué)的三個(gè)重要特征。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析第3段的段落結(jié)構(gòu)，有助于清晰把握文章脈絡(luò)，抓住文章重點(diǎn)，并讓學(xué)生獨(dú)立完成第4段的段落結(jié)構(gòu)分析。此部分的教學(xué)主要圍繞學(xué)習(xí)理解和應(yīng)用實(shí)踐展開，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的遷移應(yīng)用能力。】
Step 4 Further reading
T asks Ss to read the text and analyse the figure of speech used in the text.
Parallelism
The sentence in the text that uses parallelism: Let a little song appeal to the ear, or a great book to the heart, and we discover a new world, a world of dreams and magic. (para. 2, lines 8–9)
Definition of parallelism: Parallelism, also called parallel structure, is the similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.
Functions of parallelism: Parallelism has the potential to create rhythm, emphasis, and drama as it clearly presents ideas or action.
Anadiplosis
The sentence in the text that uses anadiplosis: Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race are the natural and social environments. (para. 2, lines 11–12)
Definition of anadiplosis: Anadiplosis is a rhetorical and literary device wherein a word or phrase at or near the end of a clause is repeated at or near the beginning of the next clause.
Functions of anadiplosis: Anadiplosis is commonly used for emphasis through the repetition of a key word or phrase, or to link a common theme through several separate clauses—often more than two. It’s also useful as a rhythmic device, breaking up what would otherwise be straightforward clauses and giving them an extra pause. This often results in a sentence that is more interesting to read or hear
Simile
The sentence in the text that uses simile: Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed until a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds. (para. 2, lines 15–17)
Definition of simile: Simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as.
Functions of simile: In everyday conversations as well as in writing and formal speeches, we use similes to clarify ideas, create memorable images, and emphasize key points.
T asks Ss to write down their favourite sentence in the text.
T: There are many beautiful sentences in the text. Please take out a piece of paper and write down the sentence that you like best. Don’t forget to write your name at the bottom of the paper clip. Then I will put the students who have chosen the same sentence into a group to have a discussion about why you like it best.
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：閱讀文章，教師介紹其中的文體特征和修辭手法。指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在文本中尋找更多的修辭手法以及自己喜愛的句子，從而欣賞語言之美，培養(yǎng)良好的鑒賞能力。設(shè)計(jì)紙條匹配的小組活動，調(diào)動學(xué)生全員參與。】
3. T asks Ss to discuss in groups to talk about their favourite work of literature by the three qualities and then asks some of them to share their ideas in front of the class. They can follow the structure:
My favourite work of literature: ________________
The reason I like it: ________________
Three qualities:
Its description of truth and beauty: __________________________________
Its appeal to our feelings and imagination: __________________________________
Its permanence: __________________________________
Summary: ________________
【設(shè)計(jì)意圖：指導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用三個(gè)文學(xué)作品的特征來分析自己最喜愛的文學(xué)作品，讓學(xué)生直觀理解好的文學(xué)作品應(yīng)該是什么樣的，把所學(xué)的知識運(yùn)用到實(shí)際。層層深入的活動設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)了“學(xué)習(xí)理解－應(yīng)用實(shí)踐－遷移創(chuàng)新”英語學(xué)習(xí)活動觀。】
V. Homework
Write a short passage to introduce your favourite work of literature by the three qualities.

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