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2025年中考英語語法一輪復習備考知識清單：主謂一致
主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數上保持一致。主謂一致遵循三條原則：意義一致原則，語法一致原則和就近一致原則。
表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。
Twenty years is not a long time.
集體名詞（如family, team, crowd, company, group, government...）等作主語時，如作為 一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數;如指其中每個成員，則用復數。
Our group comes first in the football game.
My family are having supper now.
people, police, cattle等集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數。
A lot of people are dancing outside.
不定代詞由all, most, more, some, any, none作主語時，也要依這些代詞表示的意義來決定 謂語動詞的單復數形式。如果代詞代表復數可數名詞，謂語動詞用復數;如果代詞代表單數可數名詞或不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
“a lot of (lots of, plenty of, most of)+名詞”和“分數或百分數+of+名詞”構成的詞組作主語 時，其謂語動詞要以of后面的名詞而定。名詞是復數，謂語動詞用復數；名詞是單數，謂語動詞用單數。
Lots of people have been there.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
half, the rest等表示不定數量的名詞作主語時，如果所指為復數意義，動詞用復數；如果 所指為單數意義，動詞用單數。
I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
“many a/an+名詞單數或more than one+名詞單數”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。
“more+可數名詞復數+than one”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
Many a person has read the novel.
More members than one are against your plan.
凡是以“定冠詞+形容詞(或分詞)”作主語，往往根據意義一致的原則決定謂語動詞的單復 數形式。如果這種主語指的是一類人，謂語動詞用復數；如果指的是一個人或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.
以單數名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數;主語為復數時，謂語
用復數
To work hard is necessary for a student.
Playing with fire is dangerous.
由and或both……and連接的并列成分作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
Both he and I are right.
★但并列主語如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，謂語動詞用單數。
The poet and writer has come.
由and連接的并列單數主語之前如果分別由each, every修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形
式。
Each man and each woman is asked to help.
主語后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but等介詞短語，謂語動詞看主語的單復數而定。
The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
由each, some, any, no, every 構成的復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞都用單數。
Somebody is using the phone.
由“one, every one ,each one, any one, each, either, neither等+of+復數名詞”作主語時，謂 語動詞用單數形式。
Neither of the girls is pretty.
有兩部分構成的物體的名詞，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。
Where are my shoes I can’t find them.
★如果這類名詞前用了a pair of等，則往往用作單數，謂語動詞的單復數形式往往取決于pair的單復數形式。
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
考點3 就近一致：就近一致是指謂語動詞的單復數取決于主語中最靠近它的短語。
由連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞要由最近的主語而定。
Either you or I am right.
There be. . . 和Here be. . . 句型中有并列主語時，be與最近的主語保持一致。
There is a table and three chairs in Tom’s room.
注意：
1.如果主語由more than one…或many a …構成，盡管從意義上看是復數，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式。如：
More than one student has seen the film.
2. both, (a) few, many, several等限定詞修飾主語時，要用復數形式。如：
Both (of) these films are boring.
Few (of) the guests are familiar to us.
3. such, the same 起指示代詞作用時，應根據其所指的內容來決定單、復數。如：
Such is our plan.
4. all, most, none, some等代詞作主語時，要遵循意義一致的原則，即其謂語動詞的單、復數形式要根據它們所代替的詞的含義來確定。如：
All of my classmates work hard. 我們班所有同學學習都很用功。
All of the water is gone. 所有的水都用光了。
5.關系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中的先行詞的數一致。如：
Those who want to go please sign your name here.
想去的人請把名字簽在這里。
6. a (great) number of, many, a few 修飾可數名詞，其短語作主語，謂語動詞一般用復數；a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 如：
在美國發現了許多其他種類的植物，如豆類、馬鈴薯以及各種各樣的果類。
A number of other plants were found in America, for example, beans, potatoes, and different fruits.
許多學生到農場幫助農民摘蘋果去了。
7.(a large) quantities修飾可數復數名詞以及不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。large amount of修飾不可數名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數。如：
Large quantities of water are needed for pouring purpose.
冷卻需要大量的水。
8.a series of的后面接復數名詞，作主語時謂語用單數形式。如：
There has been a whole series of accidents on this stretch of road recently.
最近在這一段路上發生了一連串事故。
9. the number of＋可數名詞， the amount of + 不可數名詞，the quantity of +可數復數名詞或不可數名詞構成的短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 如：
As a result, the number of the people who travel by plane in china is larger than ever before.
結果，在中國乘飛機旅游的人數比以前大大增加。
10. 分數或百分數作主語時謂語動詞的形式
“分數或百分數 + of + 名詞”構成短語或有“a lot of ,lots of,half of,plenty of ,a (large) quantity of ,the rest of,the remainder of,a heap of,heaps of + 可數或不可數名詞”構成短語作主語時，謂語形式是用單數還是復數取決于它們表示的意義。試比較：
Half of the students have read the novel.一半學生讀過這本小說。
Half of the food is unfit to eat.一半的食物不能吃了。
11. 名詞性從句作主語時謂語動詞的形式
從句作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數；由what引導的主語從句，如果從句謂語或從句后的表語是復數形式時，則要求用復數形式的謂語。如：
Whether he will come or not is uncertain.
他來不來還不一定。
練習
1．Not only Zhou Xia but also her parents (be) fond of watching football matches.
2．The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS.
3．Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell.
4．As the demand for products rises, so their prices.
5．“All present and all going on well.” our monitor said. (be)
6．Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom (attract) thousands of visitors during the past years.
7．A large amount of money (save) since we used the equipment.
8．This is the first time that four helpless ladies (rob) in our town.
9．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
10．I think it’s Tom, rather than you, who (be) to blame.
11．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
12．A poet and artist coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (be)

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