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2025年初中英語中考復習備考
過去完成時講解
一、過去完成時的構成
“助動詞had +動詞的過去分詞”。had 沒有人稱和數的變化，疑問句是把had 提到句首；否定句是在had 后面加not，had not 可以縮寫成hadn’t。例如：
We had learned 10 English songs by the end of last year.
到去年底為止我們已經學了十首英文歌曲
二、主語＋過去完成時＋其他部分
①when引導從句（注：從句謂語動詞為過去式）
②by短語by the time引導從句（注：從句謂語動詞為過去式）
③before引導從句（注：從句謂語動詞為過去式）例如：
2、過去完成時還可以表示由過去某一時間開始，一直延續到過去另一時間的動作或狀態。常和for 和since 構成的短語或since 引導的從句連用（用延續性動詞）
1．Tom was disappointed that most of the guests __________ when he __________ at the party．
A．left；had arrived B．left；arrived
C．had left；had arrived D．had left；arrived
此題的正確答案為D。guests先“離開”，Tom后“到達”，“到達”用一般過去時，“離開”用過去完成時。
2．When Jack arrived he learned Mary __________ for almost an hour．（MET’92）
A．had gone B．had set off C．had left D．had been away
此題的正確答案為D。因有表示“一段時間”的狀語“for almost an hour”，所以選入的動詞必須是延續性動詞。
3．①We __________ four thousand new words by the end of last year．
②We __________ four thousand new words by the end of this year．
A．had learned B．have learned C．learned D．will have learned
句①根據by短語中的last year，正確選項為A；句②根據by短語中的this year，正確選項為D。
4．He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten．到十歲時，他已經建了自己的實驗室。
5．He had studied English for five years before he came here．來這兒之前，他已經學五年英語了。
二、1. 主語＋had ＋hardly（scarcely）＋過去分詞＋when（before）＋主語＋一般過去時
2?主語＋had ＋no sooner ＋過去分詞＋than＋主語＋一般過去時例如：
①They had no sooner got home than it began to rain．他們剛一到家，天就下起雨來。
② __________ got into the room，__________ the telephone rang．
A．He hardly had；then B．Hardly had he；when
C．He had not；that D．Not had he；when
此題的正確答案為B。當否定詞hardly，scarcely，no sooner在句首時，主謂要倒裝。
三、根據上下文的時間關系來確定。例如：
1．The police found that the house __________ and a lot of things __________ ．
A．has broken into；has been stolen B．had broken into；had been stolen
C．has been broken into；stolen D．had been broken into；stolen
此題的正確答案為D。found是過去時，其后的賓語從句的動作發生在found動作之前。
The students __________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she __________ in the office．
A．had written；left B．were writing；has left
C．had written；had left D．were writing；had left
此題的正確答案為D。went說明事情發生在過去，而“把書忘在辦公室”的動作發生在went之前。
The pen I __________ I __________ is on my desk，right under my nose．
A．think；lost B．thought；had lost
C．think；had lost D．thought；have lost
此題的正確答案為B。“丟筆”是在“認為”之前發生的動作。
Helen __________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband __________ home．
A．has left；comes B．left；had come
C．had left；came D．had left；would come
此題的正確答案為C。had to wait說明事情發生在過去，而“忘帶鑰匙”的動作發生在“等丈夫回家”之前。
四、表示過去未曾實現的希望、打算或意圖，用過去完成時，常用的動詞有：hope，think，expect， intend，mean，suppose，want等。例如：
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time．他們本來是要來幫忙的，但未能及時趕到。
五、It was ＋時間＋since ＋主語＋過去完成時例如：
They asked me to have a drink with them．I said that it was at least ten years since I __________ a good drink．
A．had enjoyed B．was enjoying C．enjoyed D．had been enjoying
此題的正確答案為A。
六、主語＋過去式＋
①after引導從句（注：從句謂語動詞為過去完成時）
②because引導從句（注：從句謂語動詞為過去完成時）例如：
1．After she had left the room，the telephone rang．她離開房間后，電話響了。
2．He didn't go to see the film because he had seen it．因為他看了那部電影，所以沒有去看。
注意：不用過去完成時的情況
1、當主句的時態是過去時態，而在賓語從句中有明確的表示過去的時間狀語時，不用過去完成時，仍然使用一般過去時。
2、敘述在過去連續發生的兩件以上的事情，雖然時間有先后之別，仍用一般過去時態。
3、在包含before, after, when, until, as soon as 等引導的主從復合句中，如果主句的動作和從句的動作緊接發生，句中的動詞可以全部使用一般過去時態。
練習:
1．We got there too late. The old man ________ his bike to others.
A．is selling B．has sold C．sells D．had sold
2．Luckily, the rain ________ by the time we reached the foot of the hill.
A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped
3．By the time Jack was fourteen years old, he ________ a story book on his own.
A．would publish B．has published C．published D．had published
4．By the end of last year, we ________ more than 2,000 words.
A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．had learned
5．By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my homework at home.
A．left B．had forgotten C．had left
6．By the end of last week, the student ________ reading two-thirds of the book.
A．finished B．was finishing C．has finished D．had finished
7．By the time I locked the door, I realized that I ________ my key at home.
A．had left B．has left C．would left D．leave
8．After Frank __________ the dinner, he went for a walk in the garden with his family.
A．is eating B．eats C．will eat D．had eaten
9．The famous writer ________ two novels by the end of last month.
A．writes B．is writing C．would write D．had written
10．By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. It was hard to find my seat.
A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on
11．It’s bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ________ for ten minutes.
A．has been away B．will be away C．had been away
12．By the time I got home, Mom ________ my favorite food out on the table.
A．laid B．is laying C．lays D．had laid
13．By the time he was 12, Edison ________ a living by himself.
A．made B．was making C．have made D．had made
14．—Did you see the basketball star yesterday when he came to visit our school yesterday
—No, by the time I got to school, he ________.
A．has left B．had left C．leaves
15．Jason __________ Chinese in Wuhan for a year before the HSK test and passed it.
A．will learn B．learns C．had learned D．learned
16．—I heard that Uncle Zhao ________ more than 20 countries since 2010.
—Yes, and he thinks it’s very wonderful.
A．had been in B．had traveled to C．traveled to
17．Martin ________ German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany.
A．will study B．was studying C．has studied D．had studied
18．By the time the rescue men came to help, Jack ________ to get out of the fallen house.
A．managed B．has managed C．had managed D．would manage
19．When we got to the theatre, the play ________ for half an hour.
A．has started B．had started C．had been on D．has been on
20．—It’s 10 o’clock now. Why are you so late, Jenny
—Sorry, Mom. By the time I got to the bus stop, the last bus ________. So I had to walk home.
A．has left B．had left C．will leave D．would leave
21．Before I met Julie’s uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon, I ________ him.
A．have never seen B．had never seen
C．will never see D．never see
22．By last month, the TV series Three-Body ________ a large audience.
A．attracts B．attracted C．had attracted D．has attracted
23．—How long ________ you ________ TV by the time I called you
—For about two hours.
A．had; watched B．have; watched C．did; watch
24．— How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there
— About ten minutes.
A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on
1．D
考查時態。根據“We got there too late.”可知，我們“到達”那里的動作發生在過去，老人把車“賣”給別人的動作發生在過去的過去，是在過去某個時間點之前已經完成的動作，應該用過去完成時。故選D。
2．D
考查動詞時態。根據時間狀語“by the time”可知，表示在過去某一時間點之前已經完成的動作，時態用過去完成時，其結構為“had+過去分詞”。故選D。
3．D
考查動詞時態。根據“By the time Jack was fourteen years old”可知，此處應用過去完成時，表示在過去時間之前某個事件已完成。故選D。
4．D
考查動詞時態。根據“By the end of last year”可知，句子時態應用過去完成時。故選D。
5．C
考查過去完成時的用法。此處應用leave表示“忘拿”，且“把作業忘在家里了”先于“意識到”之前發生，所以此處應用過去完成時。故選C。
6．D
考查過去完成時。根據“By the end of last week”可知，此處指的是直到上周末為止，動作發生在過去的過去，故時態為過去完成時，其結構為：had+過去分詞。故選D。
7．A
考查過去完成時。根據“By the time I locked the door, I realized that...”可知，By the time引導時間狀語從句，從句用一般過去時時，主句應用過去完成時，即“把鑰匙忘在家里了” 發生在 “當我鎖門的時候”之前。故選A。
8．D
考查動詞時態。is eating現在進行時；eats吃，一般現在時；will eat一般將來時；had eaten過去完成時。此處是after引導的時間狀語從句，根據“he went for a walk in the garden with his family”可知主句用的一般過去時，結合選項，從句用過去完成時符合，故選D。
9．D
考查動詞時態。根據“by the end of last month”可知，此句用過去完成時had done的結構， 10．C
考查時態。根據“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，此處應用過去完成時“had+動詞過去分詞”，表示過去的過去；結合“for ten minutes”可知，動詞應用延續性動詞，begin“開始”，是短暫性動詞，不能與一段時間連用，應該轉換為be on(延續性動詞)。故選C。
11．C
考查過去完成時。從句使用了一般過去時，到達火車站是過去的一個時間點，在到達火車站之前已經發生的事應該使用過去完成時。過去完成時結構為“had+過去分詞”，故選C。
12．D
考查過去完成時。根據“By the time I got home”可知，此處是指在過去的時間點之前發生的事情，應用過去完成時had done。故選D。
13．D
考查時態。分析句子可知，“他自己謀生”發生在“他12歲”前，表示過去的過去，用過去完成時had done。故選D。
14．B
考查過去完成時。根據“No, by the time I got to school”可知，“他離開”發生在“我到達學校”之前，表示過去的過去用過去完成時had done。故選B。
15．C
考查時態。根據“before the HSK test and passed it”可知，他學漢語發生在“過去的過去”，時態用過去完成時（had done）。故選C。
16．B
考查動詞的時態。根據“I heard that Uncle Zhao...more than 20 countries since 2010”并結合賓語從句“主過從必過”的原則可知，句子應用過去完成時，即had done的結構，排除選項C；根據“more than 20 countries”可知，是去了20多個國家旅游。故選B。
17．D
考查謂語動詞時態。根據“...German for nearly two years before he went to work in Germany.”可知，在他去德國工作之前學習德語，before引導的從句是一般過去時，主句的動作是發生在過去的過去，應用過去完成時，結構為“had+過去分詞”。故選D。
18．C
考查時態。根據“By the time the rescue men came to help”可知，杰克逃出來的動作發生在救援人員到來之前，應用過去完成時had done。故選C。
19．C
考查過去完成時。根據“When we got to the theatre”可知，這出戲開始在到達那里之前，應用過去完成時態，start“開始”，短暫性動詞，應變為延續性動詞be on。故選C。
20．B
考查過去完成時。has left現在完成時態；had left過去完成時態；will leave將來時；would leave過去將來時。結合語境“我到達公交車站時”，got過去式，可知過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生，描述的動作表示過去的過去，因此用過去完成時態，結構是had+動詞的過去分詞。21．B
考查過去完成時。根據“Before I met Julie’s uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon,”可知，“從未見過他”這個動作是發生在“昨天下午見到朱莉叔叔”之前，發生在過去的過去需用過去完成時，其結構是：had+過去分詞。故選B。
22．C
考查過去完成時。由“By last month”可知本句時態為過去完成時，句型結構為：主語had done。23．A
考查時態。根據“by the time I called you”可知此處表示過去的過去，用過去完成時。故選A。
24．D
考查過去完成時。has/had助動詞；begun開始，非延續動詞；been on開始，表狀態。根據“when the students got there”可知，when后面引導的從句是一般過去時，電影是在學生進去之前開始播放的，所以是過去的過去，助動詞用had；因電影的播放是延續性動作，需用been on。

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