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高二下選擇性必修四Unit1 Honesty and responsibility語法教案
Teaching objectives 1.知識目標：學生能夠掌握狀語從句的基本含義 2.技能目標：學生能夠掌握狀語從句的基本運用 3.情感目標：學生能夠更有信心學習英語
Key points, Difficult points 1.掌握狀語從句的基本含義 2.掌握狀語從句的基本含義
Teaching procedures：
狀語從句復習
狀語
狀語是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子的一種成分。其用法最廣,名稱最多，是英語中最大的一種句子成分：它可以表示時間、地點、方式、程度、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步或比較等。狀語名稱除了上述10種外，還有伴隨狀語、方面狀語、對象狀語、評注性狀語等。對狀語種類進行詳細劃分的目的是更好地理解句子意思。狀語通常由副詞、介詞短語、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、名詞、從句等充當。
Jennifer runs very fast.珍尼弗跑得很快。(副詞作狀語)
I’ll be back in a while.我一會兒就回來。(介詞短語作狀語)
He waited to see the result of the game. 他等著看比賽結果。(不定式短語作狀語)
Living in the country, they have few amusements.因為住在農村，他們沒有什么娛樂活動。(現在分詞短語作狀語)
Given more time and money, we would have done the work better.如果給予更多的時間和錢，我們會把工作做得更好。(過去分詞短語作狀語)
She sat there, silent.她坐在那兒，一聲不吭。(形容詞作狀語)
Wait a moment. I’ll come.等一會兒，我就來。(名詞作狀語)
It rained so hard that they had to put off the sports meeting.雨下得很大，他們不得不推遲運動會。(從句作狀語)
He was absent from the lecture yesterday because he was ill.昨天他缺席了講座，是因為病了。(從句作狀語)
特別提示
①時間狀語和地點狀語修飾同一動詞時，通常先說地點，再說時間。如：
They held a meeting in the great hall yesterday afternoon.昨天下午他們在大廳里舉行了一次會議。
②如果修飾同一個動詞的時間狀語或地點狀語不止一個，則一般按照“由小到大”的順序排列。
He arrived here at about ten o'clock yesterday morning.他是昨天上午大約10點到達這兒的。
She lived in a small village in the north.她住在北方的一個小村莊里。
狀語從句
在復合句中，作狀語成分的從句叫做狀語從句。它的主要語法作用是修飾主句謂語動詞。般分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句9種。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導，有時候還可以用其他詞組引導。
本單元語法主要復習各種狀語從句的用法及特點，以下是九種狀語從概覽：
1. I found a wallet when I was walking in the street.我在大街上走的時候發現了一個錢包。(時間狀語從句)
2. Make marks where you have questions.在你有問題的地方做標記。(地點狀語從句)
3. He was absent from school because he was ill.因為病了，所以他沒有去上學。(原因狀語從句)
4. If you heat water, it will become vapour.如果你給水加熱，它會變成水蒸氣。(條件狀語從句)
5. Will you please do the experiment as I am doing 請你像我這樣做這個實驗好嗎 (方式狀語從句)
6. Let's take the front seats in order that we may see more clearly.我們坐前排的座位，以便看得更清楚些。(目的狀
語從句)
7. He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.他發表了一篇精彩的演講，以至于每個人都贊賞他。(結果狀語從句)
8. Although I tried hard many times, I couldn't get through the crowd.盡管我多次努力嘗試，但仍不能穿過人群。(讓步狀語從句)
9. John speaks English better than Tom does.約翰英語說得比湯姆好。(比較狀語從句)
一、時間狀語從句
在復合句中作時間狀語的從句，稱為時間狀語從句。位置相對靈活，可放在句首或句末。引導時間狀語從句的連詞常見的有when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, once, whenever等。詞組the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, the week, the year, the first time, the last time, next time, any time, every time, each time, by the time, from the time等以及副詞immediately, directly, instantly等也可以用作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。
1.when引導的時間狀語從句
(1)when引導時間狀語從句，意為“在……時；當……時”，表示主句的動作和從句的動作同時發生或先后發生。
When I was at school, I loved history.我上學時就喜歡歷史。
Call me when you've finished.你完成后就給我打電話。
When the fire broke out, most of the residents were sleeping soundly.當火災發生時，大部分居民正在酣睡。
(2)when引導的時間狀語從句中，動詞可以是延續的，也可以是非延續性的。
He lived with a foreign family when he was in England.他在英國時，曾與一個外國家庭住在一起。
I was playing computer games when he came in.他進來的時候，我正在玩電腦游戲。
I will go back to my hometown when I have time.有時間我要回家鄉看看。
特別提示
1. when引導時間狀語從句用法最多，它可以表示：①從句動作和主句動作同時持續發生；②主句動作在從句動作的過程中發生；③從句動作在主句動作的過程中發生；④從句動作先于主句動作；⑤從句動作后于主句動作。例如：
①When I lived there, I used to play near the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里的時候，星期天我常在海岸附近玩。(主句和從句同時、持續發生)
②When she was reading, she heard a knock on the door.她正在看書時，聽到了敲門聲。(主句動作在從句動作的過程中發生)
③It was raining when we arrived.我們到的時侯正在下雨。(從句動作在主句動作的過程中發生)
④When the film ended, the people went back.電影結束，人們便回去了。(從句動作先于主句動作。邏輯說明誰先誰后)
⑤The train had left when we got to the station.我們到達車站時，火車已經開走了。(從句動作后于主句動作。時態說明誰先誰后)
2.注意以下三個結構中when的用法和翻譯：
①We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我們正在開會，這時有人突然闖入。(一個動作正在進行，另一動作突然發生。)
②They were about to go out when it began to rain.他們正要出去，天突然下起雨來。(一個動作就要發生，另一動作突然發生。)
③She had hardly/scarcely/just returned home when the phone rang.她剛剛回到家，電話鈴就響了。(一個動作剛剛發生，另一動作突然發生。)
2. while弓|導的時間狀語從句
while引導時間狀語從句時，意為“與……同時，在……期間”，從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞，不能是非延續性動詞。但主句動作可以延續，也可以不延續。
The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.我在洗澡時電話響了。
She called to see me while I was out.我不在家時她打電話要來看我。
以上兩句，表示主句動作在從句動作的過程中發生。此時，while和when用法相同，可以互換使用。此外，while也可表示兩個延續性動作同時發生，含有對比意味。此時主從句的時態常常是相同的。如：
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside.瑪麗寫信時，孩子們在外面玩耍。
While I played the piano, my elder sister did her homework.我彈鋼琴時,姐姐做家庭作業。
3. as弓|導的時間狀語從句
as引導時間狀語從句，表示“正當；隨著；一邊……一邊”等意思。as從句中的謂語動詞可以是延續性的，也可以是非延續性的。
(1)表示某事剛剛發生，另一件事接著發生。可翻譯為“剛……就……；一……就……”。
As the sun rose ,the fog disappeared.太陽一出來霧就消散了。
My cap was blown away as I sat down.我剛坐下帽子就被吹走了。
I saw him just as he got off the bus.他剛下公共汽車我就看見他了。
(2)表示某事正要/就要發生(實際上尚未發生)，另一件事發生了。可翻譯為“剛要/正要……就……”。
The police picked him up as he was trying to leave the country.他正試圖離開該國時，警方把他抓住了。
I caught him just as he was leaving the building.他正要離開大樓時被我撞見了。
As I was about to leave, I noticed a piece of paper on the floor.我正要離開時，注意到地板上有一張紙。
Just as he was about to attack her from behind, she suddenly turned around.正當他要從背后攻擊她時，她突然轉過身來。
特別提示
下面兩句表達相同的意思：
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
The telephone rang as he was about to go out.
(3)表示主句的動作伴隨著從句的動作而漸次發生。可翻譯為“隨著……”
As he talked on, he got more and more excited.他越談就越激動。
As you grow older, you'll know better and better about yourself.隨著你長大，你會越來越了解自己。
Things are getting better and better as time goes on.隨著時間的推移，情況越來越好。
(4)表示兩個動作同時發生并進行，可翻譯為“一邊……一邊……”。
He shook his head as he read.他邊看書邊搖頭。
They talked as they walked along the river.他們沿著河邊走邊談。
He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆忙回家，一邊走一邊回頭望。
4. before引導的時間狀語從句
before引導時間狀語從句，意為“在……之前”，表示主句的動作發生在從句的動作之前。
(1)一般情況下，before表示“在……之前”，但在翻譯時，可靈活處理，可譯為“還未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁……”“還沒來得及……”等。
I must finish this e-mail before I go home.我必須在回家前寫完這封電子郵件
All the birds flew away before I started to fire.我還沒開始開槍，鳥兒就全飛走了。
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我們航行了四天四夜才看到陸地。
Please write it down before you forget it.趁你現在沒忘，把它記錄下來。
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
The train had arrived at the destination before I knew it.不知不覺，火車就到達了目的地。(在我知道之前，事情已發生，言外之意：不知不覺中發生)
(2)“It will be +一段時間+ before...”表示“一段時間之后才……”。
It will be half a year before I come back.字面：在我回來之前，時間將有半年。意為“我半年之后才會回來”。
It was long before they met again.字面：在他們再次見面之前，時間是很長的。意為“過了好久他們才再次見面”
It won't be long before you regret for what you've done.字面：在你后悔你的所作所為之前,時間不會長了。意為“不久你就會為你的所作所為后悔的”。
以上三句，it指“時間”，before表示“在……之前”，結合時態和肯定否定，就很容易理解句子的含義了。萬變不離其宗，無論怎么翻譯，before依然具有“在……之前”的本來意義。
5. after引導的時間狀語從句
after引導時間狀語從句，意為“在……之后”，表示主句的動作發生在從句的動作之后。
Can I travel after I finish my job 工作結束后我能去旅行嗎？
After he won the amateur championship, he turned professional.他獲得業余賽冠軍后就轉為職業運動員了。
I got in touch with him immediately after I received the little.我收到信后立即與他取得了聯系。
主句是將來時，after從句經常使用現在完成時，強調將來已完成的動作，也可使用一般現在時。例如：
Please tell her I'll come after I have done (= do ) some shopping.請告訴她我買些東西就來。
I'll call you after I've spoken (=speak) to them.我和他們談完話以后就給你打電話。
After I've had (= have) a good rest, I'll tell you everything.我先好好休息，之后再告訴你一切。
特別提示
在before和after之前有“時間段”狀語修飾時要準確理解和翻譯。例如：
He left three days before you arrived.他在你到達的三天前就離開了。
The plane crashed three hours after it took off.飛機在起飛三小時后墜毀了。
以上兩句，three days修飾before，說明“在三天之前”，不是“之前的三天內”；three hours修飾after, 說明“在....三小時之后”，不是“之后的三小時內”
6. since引導的時間狀語從句
(1 )since引導時間狀語從句，意為“自....以來”，主句常用現在完成時或現在完成進行時，而從句多用一般過去時。為了強調，可以在since之前加ever。
Great changes have taken place since you left this city.自從你離開這座城市后，這里發生了巨大的變化。
I have returned home twice since I settled down in the USA.自從我定居美國以來我回過兩次家。
They have been living very happily ever since they got married.自結婚以來他們一直過著幸福的生活。
(2 )since引導的從句中，若謂語動詞是延續性動詞，應理解為該動作或狀態終止之后的時間。
It has been a year ever since I worked here.我不在這里工作已經一年了。
It is two years since she was a college student.她大學畢業兩年了。
(3)It is...since...和It has been...since...都正確，但前者更常見。
It is/has been a few years since we last met.自上次見面以來我們已有好幾年沒見面了。
It is/has been a long time since Mary was ill.瑪麗病好了很長時間了。
7. until/till引導的時間狀語從句
until/till引導時間狀語從句，意為“直到....時，表示主句的動作持續到這個時間之前為止。意味著:到了這個時間
后，主句的動作立刻“轉態”。即:原來肯定的動作立刻停止，原來否定的動作立刻發生。一般而言，當主句的謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，用肯定形式；當主句的謂語動詞是非延續性動詞時，用否定形式。not...until...意為“直到……才……”。有時until可以用before替換。
I'll wait until/till the concert is over.我將一直等到音樂會結束。
I didn't know anything about it until you told me.直到你告訴我我才知道有關這件事的情況。
Until the boss returns, nothing can be done.老板回來之前什么也不能做。
特別提示
(1)如果主句是延續性動詞而且是否定，那么，意思是“沒有做到……就結束”。如：
He didn't wait until I returned.他沒有等到我回來。(不能理解為：一直到我回來他才開始等)
(2)not until位于句首時，主句用部分倒裝。如：
She didn't feel happy until she saw the present.
Not until she saw the present did she feel happy.直到看到禮物她才感到高興。
(3)如果是強調句，要把not until...一起強調。如:
He didn't know the importance of health until he got seriously ill.
It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health.直到他生了重病，他才知道健康的重要性。
8. as soon as引導的時間狀語從句
as soon as引導時間狀語從句，意為“一……就……”，表示從句的動作一發生，主句的動作馬上就發生。
I'll let you know as soon as I get the exact message.我一得到確切的消息就告訴你。
As soon as we heard the good news, we jumped with joy.一聽到這個好消息，我們高興地跳了起來。
The students were quiet as soon as the teacher came in.老師一進來，學生們就安靜了下來。
9. once引導的時間狀語從句
once引導時間狀語從句，意為“一旦，一……就……”
She’s planning to return to work once the children start school.她正在計劃孩子們一入學就恢復上班。
Once you make a promise, you must keep it.你一許下諾言,就必須遵守它。
Once you talk to him, you'll know he is a learned man.你一跟他交談，就會了解他是個博學的人。
10.詞組或副詞引導的時間狀語從句
詞組the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, the week, the year, the first time, the last time, next time, any time, every time, each time, by the time, from the time等以及副詞immediately，directly, instantly等也可以用作連詞，引導時
間狀語從句。
The machine starts the moment the button is pressed.按鈕一按，機器便啟動。
The instant he met her, he fell in love with her.他一遇到她就愛上了她。
I recognized you the minute I saw you.我一見你就認出了你。
He called on me the day he arrived.他到達的那一天就拜訪了我。
We were there the week it snowed so heavily.雪下得很大的那一周我們在那里。
The first time I climbed onto the wall, I felt nervous.我第一次爬到墻上去時，感到膽怯。
Next time you come, you will see the scientist.你下次來時就會見到那位科學家。
You may come back any time you want to.你想回來隨時可以回來。
Each time he traveled by boat, the tourist got seasick.這位旅客每次坐船旅行時都暈船。
The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.她最后一次看到詹姆斯時，他躺在床上。
The truck will have arrived by the time you have all the things packed up.等到你把一切東西都打包好時，卡車就來了。
You must show the gentleman in immediately he comes.這位先生一來，你務必立即領他進來。
There was a dead silence directly he appeared.他一出現，便鴉雀無聲。
It began to rain instantly we arrived home.我們一到家，天就開始下起雨來。
二、地點狀語從句
在復合句中作地點狀語的從句，稱為地點狀語從句。引導地點狀語從句的連詞主要有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere等。地點狀語從句可置于句首或句末。
We live where the road crosses the river.我們住在街道與河流交叉的地方。
You can't camp wherever you like these days.如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。
You can go anywhere you like.你可以去你想去的任何地方。
He wore his leather jacket everywhere he went.他去任何地方都穿著皮夾克。
Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。(在有意志的地方，就有成功之路)
特別提示
引導地點狀語從句的連詞相對較少。為了更好地理解地點狀語從句，我們可以把它轉化為定語從句，用at the place where或at any place where替換這些連詞便可。
Just stay where you are and don't move. (地點狀語從句)
Just stay at the place where you are and don t move. (定語從句)待在你現在待的地方別動。
Put the money wherever we can see it. (地點狀語從句)
Put the money at any place where we can see it.(定語從句)把錢放在任何我們能看見的地方
三、原因狀語從句
在復合句中作原因狀語的從句，稱為原因狀語從句。原因狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句末。引導原因狀語從句的連詞可分為兩類：單個連詞和連詞詞組。前者主要有because，as, since等;后者主要有now that, for the reason
that, in that, seeing that, considering that等。
1. because引導的原因狀語從句
because是表因果關系語氣最強的連詞，表示最直接的原因，用來回答why的提問。所表示的原因是全句的主要信息。because之前可以加only, merely, just以及not，還可以用于It is...that...強調句結構，成為被強調的成分。
Because they have strong players, they win the game.因為他們有強大的球員，所以他們贏得了比賽。
He was punished only because he broke the law.他就是因為違反法律才受到懲罰的。
It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.正是因為想去看叔叔我昨天才進城的。
2. since引導的原因狀語從句
since引導的原因狀語從句，通常表示人們已知的事實，只是為主句提供一種理由，不是主句發生的直接原因。故常譯為“既然……”，通常放在句首，不可用于強調句結構。
Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldn’t always criticize him.既然每個人都會犯錯誤，你就不應老是批評他。
Since she can't answer this question，you’d better ask someone else.既然她不會回答這個問題，你最好去問其他人。
Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.既然大家都來了，咱們開會吧。
3. as引導的原因狀語從句
as與since用法差不多，語氣最弱，常用于日常用語。表示的理由往往是明顯的或已知的，as從句多置于主句之前，也不可用于強調句結構。
As he was in a hurry, he left his bag home.由于他太匆忙，他把包落在家里了。
As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.由于這是一個公共假日，所有的商店都關門了。
Mother didn't hear us come in as she was asleep.媽媽沒聽見我們進來，因為她睡著了。
特別提示
for也表示“原因”，但跟上述三個從屬連詞不同，它是一個并列連詞，連接并列句。它有時可用來作附加說明，for引導的句子應放于另一句子之后。
We should be more careful, for it is already dark.天已黑了，我們應更小心些。
Let's stay at home, for it's raining hard outside.我們待在家里吧，外面正下著大雨。
He must have taken good care of the students, for he is loved by them.他一定把學生照顧得很好，因為他們都喜歡他。
4.短語引導的原因狀語從句
(1 )now that和seeing that的用法
now that與seeing that主要用于口語中，表示微弱的原因，主從句的因果關系不明顯，常譯為“既然”。that有時可以省略。
Now ( that ) you understand, I don’t need to explain again.既然你明白，我沒有必要再解釋一遍。
Seeing ( that ) the weather was not fine, we stayed at home.由于天氣不好，我們就待在家里了。
(2 )in that的用法
in that表示原因主要用于書面語。介詞in表示“存在于”，跟that組合成為連詞詞組，意為“在于某種事實；原因在于”，往往提供一種有事實依據的原因。
This experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.這個實驗值得信賴，因為它是建立在科學事實基礎之上的。
I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there's fresher air.我喜歡這座城市，但我更喜歡鄉村，因為那里有更清新的空氣。
(3)for the reason that由于某種原因；considering that 考慮到……鑒于……
We aren't going for the simple reason that we can't afford it.我們不去只是因為我們負擔不起。
Considering (that) he has only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鑒于他才剛剛開始，關于它他懂的已經不少了。
注: seeing that和considering that兩個連詞詞組，是由現在分詞借用而來。“看到……；考慮到……”，都暗示“原因”。
5.在形容詞后，that引導的原因狀語從句
在be happy that... be surprised that... 等結構中，that從句被認為是原因狀語從句。
I am happy that you have come to our party.我很高興你來參加我們的聚會。
I am very delighted that you can come.你能來，我很高興。
I am glad that my son has passed the driving test.我很高興我兒子通過了駕照考試。
I am sorry that your granny is ill.你奶奶病了，我很難過。
四、目的狀語從句
在復合句中作目的狀語的從句，稱為目的狀語從句。常用來引導目的狀語從句的連詞或詞組有：so, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, for the purpose that, lest等。
目的狀語從句可置于句首或句末，從句中常用情態動詞can, could, may, might, would, should等。
1. in order that, so that引導的目的狀語從句
Go early in order that you may get a good seat.早些去，以便你可以坐到好位置。
I hurried through my work in order that I could watch TV.為了能看電視，我匆匆忙忙地做完工作。
I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我會說得慢些，以便你能明白我的意思。
She worked hard so that everything would be ready in time.她努力工作，為的是一切能夠及時就緒。
特別提示
在so that和in order that引導的狀語從句中，其主語與主句的主語相同時，可將狀語從句簡化為不定式作目的狀語。如果主語不一致，轉化時則須在不定式前加for sb.作為其邏輯主語。上面其中兩個例句可以分別改為：
I hurried through my work in order to/so as to watch TV.
I'll speak slowly in order for you/so as for you to understand me.
2. for fear that, in case, lest引導的目的狀語從句
for fear that表示目的時，意為“唯恐，以防”，in case意為“目的是，以防"，lest意為“以防”。lest從句一般要用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞為“should +動詞原形”; for fear that和in case從句可用虛擬語氣，即謂語動詞為“should +動詞原形"，也可用陳述語氣。
He worked hard for fear that he might be fired by the boss.他拼命地干活唯恐被老板解雇。
The boy hid himself behind the door for fear that his father should see him.那個男孩藏在門后，唯恐他父親看見他。
I'll stay around in case you need me.我就待在這兒，以防你用得著我。
Take your raincoat in case it should rain.帶上你的雨衣，以防下雨。
I got up early lest I should miss the train.我早起以免錯過火車。
We talked in a low voice lest we should wake the baby up.我們小聲說話以免吵醒嬰兒。
五、結果狀語從句
在復合句中作結果狀語的從句，稱為結果狀語從句：結果狀語從句一般置于句末，常用來引導結果狀語從句
連詞或詞組有: so,that, so that, such...that...等
1. so that與so...that...引導的結果狀語從句
so that與so...that...引導結果狀語從句，意思分別是“所以和“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so that引導的結果狀語從句
so that既可引導目的狀語從句，也可引導結果狀語從句，千萬不可混淆。在引導目的狀語從向時，從句中往往含有一些像can, could, may, might, would, should等的情態動詞；而引導結果狀語從句時，類似的情態動詞則很少出現，因為“結果”已成事實，已經做到。that有時可以省略。
We arrived early in the morning, so ( that ) we caught the early train.我們早上到得很早，所以趕上了早班火車。
It was dark, so ( that )we could see nothing in front of us.
天很黑，所以我們看不見前面的任何東西。
(2)so...that...引導的結果狀語從句
s..tat...引導的結果狀語從句，主要用于下列結構:
①so+形容詞1副詞+that從句
②so+many/few+可數名詞復數+that從句
③so + much/little +不可數名詞+ that從句
④so+形容詞+a/an+可數名詞單數+that從句
The text was so boring that I gave up reading it halfway.這篇課文真沒趣，我讀到一半便放棄了。
He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life.他開車太粗心了，差點喪了命。
He made so many mistakes that he failed the exam once again.他出了這么多錯，考試又沒及格。
He got so little pay that his family had to live on welfare money.他工資很少，他的家人不得不靠救濟金生活。
Mike is so good a student that every teacher likes him.邁克是這么好的一個學生，以至于每個老師都喜歡他。
2. such...that..引導的結果狀語從句
such...that..引導的結果狀語從句，主要用于下列結構：
①such + a/an (+形容詞)+可數名詞單數+ that從句
②such (+形容詞)+可數名詞復數+ that從句
③such (+形容詞)+不可數名詞+ that從句
It was such a terrible day that none of us would find an excuse for going out to play.天氣太糟了，我們沒有任何理由出去玩了。
They are such good children that we all love them.這些孩子如此好，我們都喜歡他們。
This was such fine music that it was worth listening to twice.這音樂太好了，值得聽兩遍。
特別提示
為了強調形容詞或副詞，可以把so/such部分置于句首，主句用倒裝語序。如：
So lovely is Lucy that we all like to play with her.露西很可愛，我們都喜歡和她玩。
Such a lovely girl is Lucy that we all like to play with her.露西是一個可愛的女孩，我們都喜歡和她玩。
3. that引導的結果狀語從句
主句不含so或such，that本身有時也可引導結果狀語從句。
The problem is of great importance that it cannot be neglected.這個問題很重要，不容忽視。
Lisa is aggressive that all of her classmates dislike her.莉薩很愛攻擊別人，結果她所有的同學都不喜歡她。
4. so...that...引導的結果狀語從句，有時在保持意思不變的情況下，可以改為不定式。
The boy is so young that he can't join the army.
→The boy is too young to join the army.這個男孩太小，不能參軍。
The boy is so tall that he can touch the ceiling.
→The boy is tall enough to touch the ceiling.這個男孩足夠高，能夠到天花板。
The book is so easy that I can read it.
→The book is easy enough for me to read.這本書很容易，我能夠讀懂。
六、條件狀語從句
在復合句中作條件狀語的從句，稱為條件狀語從句。
條件狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句末，有時還可置于主語和謂語之間。引導條件狀語從句的連詞或詞組有if,
unless, as long as, in case, on condition that, supposing( that), providing ( that) , provided (that), given ( that)等。
1. if引導的條件狀語從句
if是引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞，表示主動作發生的條件。
If you see him, give him this note.你要是見到他，就把這張便條給他。
You can come with us if you want to.如果你愿意，你可以跟我們一起來。
If you ask our teacher for help, she will help you.如果你請我們的老師幫忙，她會幫你的。
特別提示
①主句可以是祈使句，如第一個例句。主句可以用情態動詞表示許可，如第二個例句。主句還可以用will表
示將來或推測意義，如第三個例句。
②在條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，一般過去時代替過去將來時。如：If the weather is terrible next week, we'll put off the summer camp.如果下周天氣不好，我們就推遲夏令營活動。
Father told me if I worked hard, he would buy me a special gift.爸爸告訴我，如果我努力學習，他將會給我買一件特殊的禮物。
③條件狀語從句，分為真實條件句和非真實條件句。
讓從句可以表示不可實現的條件或不可能存在的條件，是一種虛報的條件或假設。此時從向多用一般過去時或過去完成時，主句謂語動詞也要相應發生變化，這就是所謂的“虛擬語氣”。如：
If I were you, I would invite her to the party.如果我是你，我會邀請她參加聚會。
He would have arrived much earlier if he had not been caught in the traffic.如果沒有堵車，他早就到了。
④在if之前加only,表示必要條件，意為“只有……才”。
Children are admitted only if they are accompanied by an adult.兒童必須有成年人陪同方可入場。
2. unless引導的條件狀語從句
unless意為“除非，若不”，跟if意思相反。
I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.除非我被邀請，否則我不會去參加聚會的。
I always sleep with the window open unless it 's really cold.我總是開著窗戶睡覺，除非天氣非常冷。
Unless you work harder, you will not pass the examination.如果你不更努力學習，你就不會通過考試。
Unless I' m mistaken, she was back at work yesterday.如果我沒記錯的話，她昨天回來上班了
3.as long as引導的條件狀語從句，意為“只要……”。也表示必要條件。
We'll go as long as the weather is good.只要天氣好我們就去。
As long as you are in good health, nothing else matters.只要你身體健康，其他任何事都無關緊要。
4. on condition that引導的條件狀語從句
on condition that引導的條件狀語從句，是正式用語。表示主句事件發生的前提條件或唯一條件，相當于only if，意為“……條件下”。
John will go on condition that Mary is invited too.約翰愿意去，條件是瑪麗也得到邀請。
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that (= only if) we returned it before the weekend.他們同意借車給我們，條
件是周末以前歸還。
I allow you to go out on condition that you come back before dark.我允許你出去，條件是你在天黑之前回來。
5. supposing/providing/provided/given (that) 引導的條件狀語從句
supposing/providing provided/given (hat)可以引導條件從句，表示一種假設條件，意為“如果”。
Supposing (that )you are wrong, what will you do then 假設你錯了，那你會怎么辦
We'll buy everything you produce, providing/provided (that) the price is right. 倘若價格合適，我們將采購你們生產的人
部產品。
Given that you promise not to tell anyone else,I'll explain the secret to you.只要你保證不告訴任何人，我就把這個秘密訴你。
6. in case在英式英語中表示目的，在美式英語中可表條件，意為“如果，萬一”。如：
In case the house burns down，we 'll get the insurance money.萬一房子燒毀了，我們會得到保險金。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.帶上帽子吧，萬一太陽很曬呢。
七、讓步狀語從句
在復合句中作讓步狀語的從句，稱為讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可置于句首，也可置于句末，有時可置于句中。引導讓步狀語從句的連詞或詞組有:although, though, even if, even though, as, whether...or..., while, when, wh-word + ever, no matter+ wh-word等。
1. though/although的用法
although和though用法相同，作“雖然，盡管”講，都表示讓步，一般情況下可互換使用，只是although語氣較重，大多置于句首。though和although引導讓步狀語從句時，為了加強轉折意義，主句可以用yet或still引出，但不可用but。though引導的從句可以把表語、狀語、部分謂語動詞提到主語之前。此外，though可以當副詞用，而although不可以。
They are generous though they are poor.他們很窮，但他們很慷慨。
Though/Although she works very hard, ( yet ) she makes very slow progress.盡管她工作很努力，但還是進步非常緩慢。
Young though she is , she has traveled to many countries.她盡管年輕，但已到過很多國家。(表語提前)
I've a bit of a headache. It's nothing much, though.我有一點頭痛，不過并不厲害。(though用作副詞)
2. even though/even if引導的讓步狀語從句
這兩個連詞表示語氣更強的讓步，意為“即使；即便”even though強調對“既成事實"的讓步，even if強調對作設意義”的讓步。
Even though learning is slow and painful, the result wonderful.盡管學習是緩慢而痛苦的，可結果是美好的。
Even though/Even if you say so, I do not believe it.即使你這么說，我也不相信。
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, but she still loves him.)盡管他很窮，但她還是愛他。(既成事實
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (= He may be poor, but she still loves him. )即使他很窮，但她還是愛他。(假設意義
3. as引導的讓步狀語從句
as也可以引導讓步狀語從句，但必須調整語序，即把表語、狀語、部分謂語動詞提到主語之前，as的這種用法與though
倒裝時的用法完全相同。此外，作表語的名詞如有冠詞，則要省去。
Famous singer as she is, she still needs to improve.盡管已是著名歌手，她仍需要努力。(作表語的名詞置于句首時，要省略冠詞)
Much as I like it, I won't buy it.雖然我很喜歡它，但我不會買。
Try as he might, he could not find a job.不管他怎樣努力，他還是找不到工作。
4. whether...or...引導的讓步狀語從句
whether...or...表示“不論是否……”“不管是……還是……”之意。該連詞詞組引導的讓步狀語從句，說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的傾向或結果。
All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or weak.所有國家，無論強弱，都應該平等。
I'll have to attend your wedding ceremony whether I'm free or not.不管我忙不忙，都得參加你們的婚禮。
You've got to go to school, whether you like it or not.不管你喜歡不喜歡，你都得上學。
Whether or not we re successful, we can be sure that we have tried our best.不管成功與否，我們確實已盡了最大努力。
特別提示
whether...or...既可以引導讓步狀語從句，也可以引導名詞性從句。比較：
Whether he is dead or alive , she will continue to live.不管他是死是活，她都將繼續活下去。(讓步狀語從句)
Whether he is dead or alive doesn't matter to her.他是死是活對她來說無關緊要。( 名詞性從句)
Whether you believe me or not, I will stick to my opinion.不管你信不信我，我都會堅持我的意見。(讓步狀語從句)
Whether you believe me or not makes no difference to me.你是否相信我對我來說沒什么區別。(名詞性從句)
5. while引導的讓步狀語從句
while引導的讓步狀語從句般要位于句首,表示雖然；盡管”。語氣比though/although弱。
While I am willing to help,I do not have much time available.盡管我愿意幫忙,但是我沒有多少時間。
In a word, while the prospects are bright, the road has twists and turns.總之，前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they can not be solved.雖然我承認存在問題，但我不認為這些問題無法解決。
6. when引導的讓步狀語從句
when也可以引導讓步狀語從句，表示“雖然，可是”，語氣同while。when引導的讓步狀語從句般位于主句后。
She claimed to be 18, when I knew she was only16.她自稱是18歲，可是我知道她才16歲。
The boy was restless when he should have listened to them carefully.那男孩本來應當專心聽他們講話,但他卻坐立不安。
7. wh-word + ever和no matter + wh- word引導的讓步狀語從句
在英語中，wh-word + ever這類詞既可用作疑問詞，也可引導名詞性從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句。這類詞在引導讓步狀語從句時，常可換成“no matter + wh-word"
Whatever ( No matter what ) happened, I would believe in you.不管發生了什么，我都相信你。
Whenever (No matter when )you come, you are welcome.不管你什么時候來，都歡迎你。
Whoever (No matter who ) you are, you must obey the rules.不管你是誰，你都得遵守規定。
I'll wait for you however (no matter how)late it is.不管多么晚我都會等著你。
特別提示
“no matter+wh-word”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句，而“wh-word+ever"結構還可以引導名詞性從句。
(1)“no matter + wh-word" 結構引導讓步狀語從句：
No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost.不管你對巴黎多么熟悉，都很容易迷路。
No matter what your age is, you can lose weight by following this program.不論年齡多大，你都可以按這套方案來減肥。
Recently, I feel tired no matter what I do.最近我無論做什么都感到疲勞。
Don't open the door, no matter who calls.無論誰來，都不要開門。
No matter how hard he may try, he will not succeed.不管他怎么努力去干，他都不會成功。
(2) whatever, whoever, whichever既可以引導讓步狀語
從句，還可以引導名詞性從句。注意區別：
Whatever happens, the insurance company will pay for it.無論發生什么，這家保險公司都會賠償的。(whatever引導讓步狀語從句= no matter what)
You may choose whatever you like.你可以選你喜歡的任何東西。(whatever引導名詞性從句= anything that)
八、方式狀語從句
在復合句中作方式狀語的從句，稱為方式狀語從句。方式狀語從句一般位于句末，通常由as, as if, as though, the way引導。
1. as引導的方式狀語從句
as引導方式狀語從句時，表示“按照；正如；像”之意，說明主句動作發生的方式。
I'll behave toward them as I would like to be treated.我會以希望別人對待我的方式來對待他們。
在美式英語中，like可以用作連詞，等于as
You should do it like/as I do.你應按我做的那樣去做。
Do you make bread like/as you make cakes 你做面包的方法是不是和你做蛋糕的方法一樣？
2. as if/as though引導的方式狀語從句
兩者的意義和用法相同，意為“仿佛；好像”。引出的狀語從句可以使用陳述語氣，也可使用虛擬語氣。無論哪種語氣，從句所表示的意思基本都是非真實的。
She travels around the world as if money is no object.她環游世界，好像錢不是問題。
I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday.我們的婚禮我記憶猶新，就像發生在昨天一樣。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現得若無其事。
There was a huge bang as if someone had exploded a rocket outside.突然一聲巨響，仿佛有人在外面引爆了火箭似的。
They feel shame and guilt as though it is their fault.他們覺得羞愧和內疚，就好像這是他們的錯。
在美式英語中，like可以用作連詞，等于as if/as though。
He looked very excited, like he had won the lottery.他看上去很興奮，好像中了彩票似的。
特別提示
①一般認為，在感官系動詞look, seem, appear, sound, feel, smell, taste之后，as if/as though/like引導的是表語從句，而不是方式狀語從句。例如：
It seems as though he has a conflict with his friend.他看起來好像與朋友發生了沖突。
He looks as if he were a foreigner.他看上去像是一個外國人。
It appears as if she were junior to me by several years, but in fact, she is three years older than me.看上去她好像比我小好幾歲,但是事實上她比我大三歲。
②根據從句的時態形式，判斷是陳述語氣還是虛擬語氣。
The boss speaks aloud as if he is angry.老板大聲說著話像是生氣了。(他可能真的生氣了)
The boss speaks aloud as if he were angry.老板大聲地說話就像生氣了似的。(他并沒有生氣)
3. the way引導的方式狀語從句
the way可以用作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，相當于as。
She doesn't speak the way he does.她說話的方式與他不同。
I shall do the work the way my father did.我將像我父親那樣做這項工作。
九、比較狀語從句
在復合句中作比較狀語的從句，稱為比較狀語從句。比較狀語從句一般位于句末，常用as,than等連接詞引導“the+比較級...， the +比較級...”結構也可引導比較狀語從句。
1. as...as...結構
第一個as是副詞，用在主句中，表示“像……一樣的”。由此，第二個as引出比較狀語從句。否定時，用not as...as...或not so...as...均可。
He speaks English as well as you do.他英語說得和你一樣好。
His handwriting is not as/so good as yours is.他的書法不如你的好。
There are as many people in our town as ( there are)in your town.我們鎮的人口和你們鎮的一樣多。
2.比較級+ than...結構
主句中含有形容詞或副詞的比較級，然后由連詞than引出比較狀語從句。表示“主句比從句更怎樣”。
She's smarter than her brother.她比她哥哥聰明。
She works harder than he does.她工作比他努力。
He was more successful than we had expected.他比我們想象的要成功得多。
He comes to the club less often than he used to.他來俱樂部不如原來頻繁了。
特別提示
(1)記住以下表達和區別:
①He is as wise as his brother.他和他哥哥樣聰明
②He is not as wise as his brother.他不如他哥哥聰明
③He is not so wise as his brother.他不如他哥哥聰明
④He is wiser than his brother.他比他哥哥聰明。
⑤He is not wiser than his brother.他不比他哥哥聰明。(最多一樣聰明)
⑥He is not any wiser than his brother.他和他哥哥一樣都不聰明。
⑦He is no wiser than his brother.他和他哥哥一樣都不聰明。
(2)一般而言，比較狀語從句應該省略與主句重復的成分。但由于省略的原因，可能造成誤解。比較以下兩句：
He loves me more than you.他愛我勝過愛你。
He loves me more than you do.他比你更愛我。
句1，實際在than從句中省略了he loves。等于說：He loves me more than he loves you.
句2，實際等于說：He loves me more than you love me."
(3)“比較”的概念范圍非常廣泛，遠非我們上面的例句所能概括。它可以發生在兩個人或事物之間，比較同一個事項(如表語)。例如：湯姆和約翰比較誰聰明。
Tom is as clever as John.湯姆和約翰一樣聰明。
Tom is not so clever as John.湯姆不如約翰聰明。
Tom is more clever than John.湯姆比約翰聰明。
比較還可以發生在同一個人或同一個事物身上，去比較兩個不同的事項。這樣的比較叫做“擇比”，它仍然是比較的一種。例如：湯姆自身兩種品質的比較。
Tom is as clever as hard-working.湯姆既聰明又勤奮。
Tom is not so clever as hard-working.湯姆與其說聰明，不如說勤奮。
Tom is more clever than hard-working.湯姆與其說勤奮，不如說聰明。
3.遞進關系的比較狀語從句
遞進關系的比較狀語從句，常用結構為“the+比較級..., the +比較級...”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，出的錯就越少。
The sooner you come back, the better it will be.你回來得越早越好。
十、狀語從句的省略
為了使句子簡練，狀語從句經常省略成分。在某些狀語從句中，當其主語跟主句的主語一致或者主語是it，而且含有be動詞時，可以把主語(一般是代詞充當)以及be動詞一起省略。這個規則必須滿足3個條件: (1)限于某些狀語從句；
(2)主、從句的主語必須一致，或者從句中的主語是it;
(3)含有be動詞，可以是系動詞be，可以是進行時態的be，也可以是被動語態的be。如：
Mary often helped her classmates when ( she was) free. (was是系動詞)
While ( you were ) walking the dog, you were careless. ( were是進行時的助動詞)
John won't come to your party unless (he is) invited. (is是被動語態的助動詞)
1.時間狀語從句的省略
When ( she was ) very young, she began to learn to play the violin. 她很小的時候，就開始學習拉小提琴。
Tom likes to listen to music while ( he is ) reading.湯姆喜歡讀書時聽音樂。
2.條件狀語從句的省略
If ( he is ) given more time, he will do the work better.如果給他更多的時間，他會把這份工作做得更好。
Unless (you are) here, you can't find this kind of plants.除非你在這里，其他地方你找不到這種植物。
此外，常見的條件句省略形式有: if necessary, if possible, if true, if so,if not,if any, if anything, if anyone, if ever, if at
all, if not better than等。
If (it is) possible, I'll come to help.如果可能的話，我會來幫忙的。
If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.如果是真的,這會給我們帶來很多麻煩。
There are few people nowadays, if(there are) any, who remember him.現在能記得他的人即使有也很少了。
Jim plays football as well as, if not better than, Mike.吉姆踢足球如果不是比邁克踢得更好，至少也是一樣好。
3.讓步狀語從句的省略
Though ( he is )a young man, he has made several inventions.雖然還是個年輕人，但他已經有好幾項發明了
He is a good man, though sometimes ( he is ) rather dull.他是個好人，盡管有時相當無聊。
Even if (I am ) invited to, I won't go to such a bad lecture.即使邀請我去，我也不會參加如此糟糕的講座。
4.比較狀語從句的省略
由than或as引導的比較狀語從句，在意義明確的情況下，可以省略than或as后面的相應部分。
I know you better than (I know ) him.我對你比對他了解得更清楚。
I know you better than he (knows you) .我比他更了解你。
She has finished the work earlier than ( she was ) expected.她這項工作比預料的提前完成。

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