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新外研版2019高中英語(yǔ)必修三U1 Knowing me, knowing you 語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
短語(yǔ)
1. help out 幫一把
2. let down 使失望，辜負(fù)
3. let off steam 發(fā)泄怒火，宣泄情緒
4. loose lips sink ships 禍從口出
5. take a breath 吸一口氣
6. pull one’s weight 做好分內(nèi)事，盡責(zé)
7. by accident 偶然，意外地
8. in a mess 一團(tuán)糟
9. be angry with 對(duì)...生氣
10. be sure to do sth. 一定會(huì)做某事
11. apologize to sb. 向某人道歉
12. communicate with sb. 和某人交流
13. white lies 善意的謊言
14. tell a lie 說(shuō)謊
15. to tell the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話
16. protect sb. from... 保護(hù)某人免受……
17. to what extent 到何種程度
18. hide...from... 隱藏……以躲避……
19. fit in with 與……合得來(lái)，適應(yīng)
20. look down on/upon 輕視，瞧不起
21. settle down 定居下來(lái)，過(guò)安定的生活
22. calm down 冷靜
23. raise your concerns 提出擔(dān)憂
24. work out 鍛煉；解決問(wèn)題；算出來(lái)
25. make sth. worse 使..更糟
26. take the lead 帶頭；領(lǐng)先
27 in advance 提前，預(yù)先
句式
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句：My friend went and told everyone else what I had said.
2. 表語(yǔ)從句：Here is what you need to do.
3. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)，名詞用單數(shù)：Accepting sadness as part of life helps us deal with the emotional complexity of growing up.
4. 定語(yǔ)從句：They found the ideal distance where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other.
5. every time 相當(dāng)于連詞, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit.
6. the+比較級(jí). . . , the +比較級(jí). . . ”結(jié)構(gòu), 意為“越……, 就越……：The more independent you are, the better your life will be.
7. 過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)（本單元語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)）
Disappointed by his behavior , I said all to my best friend.
Embarrassed and shamed, I can’t concentrate on anything.
Treated this way, you’re sure to feel hurt.
Filled with anger, you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.
Approached in this way, your friendship will soon be repaired.
Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines remain one of the most well-known excerpts.
語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示原因、條件、讓步、時(shí)間、方式和伴隨情況。過(guò)去分詞作方式狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以變?yōu)椴⒘蟹志洌髌渌麪钫Z(yǔ)時(shí)可以變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
1.結(jié)構(gòu)：done
2.邏輯主語(yǔ)：主句的主語(yǔ)
3.關(guān)系構(gòu)成：與主句的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 / 主句的主語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系
4.意義：
1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when, while, until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。
Asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
=When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
=When Philip was asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
當(dāng)被問(wèn)到對(duì)教學(xué)工作的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，菲利普說(shuō)他覺(jué)得它既有趣又有意義。
2)作原因狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。
Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
＝Because John was absorbed in painting, he didn't notice evening approaching.
＝John was absorbed in painting, so he didn't notice evening approaching.
由于專心畫(huà)畫(huà)，約翰沒(méi)有注意到夜幕正在降臨。
3)作條件狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句。可加連詞if, unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
= If used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
= If one tin is used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔細(xì)的話，一罐可以用六周。
4)作讓步狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)可加although, though, even if, even though, whether...or 等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
＝Although defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
＝Although he was defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.
盡管被對(duì)手擊敗，但是他從沒(méi)放棄希望。
5)作方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)：相當(dāng)于and連接的并列句。
She accepted the gift, deeply moved.
＝She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved.
她接受了禮物，深深地被感動(dòng)了。
5.過(guò)去分詞（done）與現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：
過(guò)去分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即表示被動(dòng)；
現(xiàn)在分詞與句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即表示主動(dòng)。

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