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Unit 2 過去分詞 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第四冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 教師版 7-2-3
目 錄
過去分詞
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
過去分詞
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
概念
過去分詞是非謂語動詞形式之一。過去分詞保留著動詞的部分特性，有完成或被動含義，可帶狀語構成過去分詞短語。在句子中可充當表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等成分。
過去分詞作表語
We were stunned at the news.
聽到這個消息，我們都目瞪口呆。
My niece got addicted to computer games.
我侄女沉迷于電腦游戲。
She looked very disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
這么多年后他仍然未婚。
[總結]　用在系動詞(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主語的狀態或狀況，它體現的是形容詞的特性。
[注意]　過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別
形式 例句 意義
過去分詞作表語 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 強調主語所處的狀態
動詞的被動語態 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。 表示主語是動作的承受者，強調動作
過去分詞作定語
1．意義
意義 例句
及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動或完成 a polluted river一條被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.這本去年出版的科幻小說深受歡迎。
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太陽 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有很多落葉。
2.位置
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
醫生發現被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.(諺語)心急鍋不開。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老師批評的那個學生經常和別人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
這本小說將是這類小說中寫得最好的。
[總結]　單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)Some of the people ___________ (invite) to the party can’t come.
(2)The trees ___________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
(3)The police will come soon to take away the ___________ (damage) car.
【答案】
invited
blown
damaged
過去分詞作賓語補足語
1．意義：過去分詞作賓補，說明賓語的狀態或性質，與賓語一起構成復合賓語，它前面的賓語就是其邏輯主語。過去分詞作賓補時，其所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。作賓補的多是及物動詞。
2．三類接過去分詞作賓補的動詞
類別 例句
表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我聽到比賽結果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他發現他的錢包丟了。
表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理發。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 務必把那些事情做完。
表示“希望”“要求”意義的動詞。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其結構為“及物動詞＋賓語＋(to be)＋過去分詞”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解決。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5點前完成我的作業。
[注意]　“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”的三種含義
例句 含義
We had the machine repaired. 我們請人修了機器。 表示“讓某人做某事”
I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修補了房子。 完成或解決某事(主語可能參與其中)
He had his wallet stolen.他的錢包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某種不幸；受到打擊”
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)You’d better have your shoes ___________ (mend).
(2)The father wants his daughter ___________(teach) the piano.
(3)I saw an old man ___________(knock) down by a car.
(4)I’d like the job ___________ (do) when I come back from the journey.
【答案】
mended
taught
knocked
done
過去分詞作狀語
意義：過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進一步說明謂語動詞的動作和狀態，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者。過去分詞作狀語時，可單獨使用，也可以在其前面加上適當的連詞(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等。
(時間狀語)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
從山頂往下看時，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。
(原因狀語)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因為被媽媽懲罰，小男孩大哭起來。
(條件狀語)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多給我幾分鐘，我就能做完試卷了。
(條件狀語)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
這個女孩會一連幾個小時不說話，除非被問到。
(讓步狀語)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
盡管疲憊不堪，總理還是繼續處理政治問題直到深夜。
(伴隨狀語)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科學家屠呦呦進來了，后面跟著她的助手。
[注意]　有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時不表示被動，而表示人的狀態。常見的有：lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.
因為沉迷于讀那本科幻小說，所以他沒聽到喇叭聲。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.
因為非常感興趣，我問他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.
位于中國東部海岸線上，青島是中國一個重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因為對結果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句話也沒說。
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)___________ (leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.
(2)She accepted the gift, deeply ___________ (move).
(3)We went to the cinema, ___________ (fill) with excitement.
(4)Once ___________ (pour), water cannot be taken back.
【答案】
Left
moved
filled
poured
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. The bridge was damaged in the flood, _______________(result) in the train falling into the river.
2. _______________(guide) by an artist, the girl made much progress.
3. _______________(blame) for her faults, the little girl was in low spirits.
4. The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _______________(satisfy) smile.
5. Don’t drink _______________(pollute) water because it can cause diseases.
6. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _______________(call).
7. When I came in, I found a strange girl _______________(seat) in the corner.
8. Though _______________(defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart.
9. _______________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
10. No matter how frequently _______________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
【答案】
resulting
Guided
Blamed
satisfied
polluted
called
seated
defeated
Raised
performed
Ⅱ. 用過去分詞完成下面的句子
1. They became _______________________________ they stayed awake all night.
他們變得如此擔心, 以至于一整晚都沒有睡覺。
2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______________________________.
早餐他只喝自家農場出產的新鮮水果汁。
3. The young man, _______________________________, is determined to start his own firm.
這個年輕人厭倦了為別人工作, 決心創辦自己的公司。
4. Children, _______________________________, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子們在父母的陪同下可以進入體育場。
5. _______________________________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
這本書寫得清晰且深思熟慮, 激發了那些希望尋求自己的答案的學生的信心。
6. Claire _______________________________ an hour before her plane left.
克萊爾在飛機起飛前一小時讓人檢查了行李。
7. When he got to school, _______________________________.
當他到學校時, 他看見門鎖著。
8. You’d better _______________________________.
你最好叫人把這座危樓推倒。
9. The concert _______________________________ was a success.
他們的朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。
10. I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes _______________________________.
我迅速彎下身, 低下頭, 避免直視他的眼睛, 這樣他就不會感覺受到了挑戰。
【答案】
so worried that
grown on his own farm
tired of working for others
when accompanied by their parents
Clearly and thoughtfully written
had her luggage checked
he saw the door locked
have/get the dangerous building pulled down
given by their friends
so he didn’t feel challenged
III. 根據提示使用本單元所學的語法知識翻譯下面語段
這位年輕的女畫家雄心勃勃, 她想把她的畫陳列(display)在畫廊里, 但她不知道這些畫是否會很受歡迎。在父母的鼓勵(encourage)下, 她按計劃(plan)展出了她的作品。這些畫得(paint)很漂亮的作品一經展出, 人們就贊不絕口。她和她的父母都對這個結果感到滿意(satisfy)。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The young woman painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintings displayed in the gallery, but she wondered whether they would be very popular. Encouraged by her parents, she had them shown as planned. Once the beautifully painted works were on show, the people praised them a lot. Both she and her parents were satisfied with the result.
IV. 完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用過去分詞
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃驚，眼睛凝視著橡樹(oak tree)。被許多黃手帕覆蓋，橡樹像一面歡迎的旗幟，隨風飄揚。Vingo滿心歡喜，他的心狂跳不已。激動的Vingo從座位上站起來，向公共汽車的前面走去。他迫不及待地想見到他心愛的妻子和孩子們，他們一直期待著他的歸來。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Vingo sat there 1.amazed，with his eyes 2.fixed on the oak tree.3.Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，blowing in the wind.Vingo was 4.filled with happiness and his heart was beating wildly.5.Excited/Thrilled Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6.beloved wife and children looking forward to his returning.
能力提升 突破考點
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______________(lose) for words.
2．Tsinghua University ______________(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3．______________(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.
4．______________(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5．Claire had her luggage ______________(check) an hour before her plane left.
6．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______________(remind) of his own dreams.
7．The players ______________(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8．Most of the artists ______________(invite) to the party were from South of Africa.
9．______________(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ______________(disappoint)．
【答案】
lost
founded
Offered
Translated
checked
reminded
selected
invited
Worried
disappointed
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．隨著假期臨近，我的同學們變得越來越興奮。(過去分詞作表語)
With the holiday approaching，__________________________.
2．因為擔心即將到來的考試，有些同學學習到深夜。(過去分詞短語作狀語)
__________________________，some students study until midnight.
3．我的同桌不想浪費時間，所以他經常讓人把飯帶到教室里來。(過去分詞作賓補)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often __________________________.
4．他經常做一些從網上下載的練習題。(過去分詞短語作定語)
He often does some exercises __________________________.
5．決心向他學習，我也開始在教室吃飯。但是我因為在英語課上吃東西被懲罰了。(過去分詞短語作狀語、作表語)
__________________________，I also begin to eat in the classroom，but I __________________________.
6．我寫信是想告訴你，我不能按我們約好的時間陪你逛書店了。(過去分詞作定語)
I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you __________________________.
7．上周五，我們班邀請了一位年老的工藝師來教我們如何做中國結，這旨在弘揚中國文化。(過去分詞短語作狀語)
Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，__________________________.
8．我感到非常榮幸能做一個有關如何提高英語口語的演講。(過去分詞作表語)
__________________________ on how to improve oral English.
【答案】
my classmates are becoming more and more excited
Worried about the coming exam
has meals brought to the classroom
downloaded from the Internet
Determined to learn from him; get punished for eating in the English class
at the appointed time
aimed at promoting the Chinese culture
I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
The other day，my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair.The two of them had been close.And then one day，Sara had，with the best intentions，done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at.
Things became worse.Sara didn’t know what to say or do.She didn’t know how to repair the relationship.She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.The team，and their output，were suffering.
It was time to do something to rectify the situation.I asked Sara what she needed.After much thought，she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind，to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad.
“Ah...” I said to her.“You want an apology.” I then asked her，“What do you think your colleague might want？” I asked.
She didn’t answer.
“Did you ever apologize？” I asked her.She shook her head no.“Do you think you might want to apologize？” I asked her.She shrugged her shoulders... then shook her head yes.
Sometimes we take so long to apologize.We justify our unwillingness，saying it won’t really make a difference.Or they should apologize first.Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us.But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。Sara和她的同事因為誤解，互相生氣，影響了工作，作者提出了一些建議來幫助Sara。
1．What happened between Sara and her colleague
A．They decided to quit the job together.
B．They spoke ill of each other.
C．They were badly annoyed with each other.
D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據第一段最后一句和第二段中的“She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.”可知，Sara開始生同事的氣，兩人既不說話也不合作，故選C。
2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Investigate. B．Correct.
C．Maintain. D．Review.
答案　B
解析　詞義猜測題。根據第二段最后一句“The team，and their output，were suffering.”和第三段第二句“I asked Sara what she needed.”可知，作者主動開導Sara。因此，作者認為是時候“糾正、整頓”這種局面了，故選B。
3．What did the author advise Sara to do
A．Accept her colleague’s apology.
B．Wait for her colleague to apologize.
C．Apologize to her colleague first.
D．Justify herself to her colleague.
答案　C
解析　細節理解題。根據倒數第二段引號中的問話，作者問“Did you ever apologize？”及“Do you think you might want to apologize？”可知，作者希望Sara主動向同事道歉，故選C。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To stress the importance of an apology.
B．To explain how to apologize effectively.
C．To show how to respond to others’ apology.
D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues.
答案　A
解析　推理判斷題。根據最后一段最后兩句“But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.”可知，作者認為道歉能創造奇跡，修復關系，可以解決任何問題。因此，可以推斷出作者寫這篇文章的目的是“強調道歉的重要性”，故選A。
Ⅳ.完形填空
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation，they 1 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl，in particular， 2 her heart.
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 3 ，but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing，she 4 her free breakfast cereal(混合麥片) at school.
She took the 5 to pick every dried grape，the favorite part of her breakfast，out of her cereal and 6 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher.
Rachel posted the 7 story on Facebook，hoping to help people gain some 8 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer，she was still willing to 9 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture，many people contacted the school headmaster to make 10 .“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine，” Rachel said.“Your 11 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 12 .We are all deeply moved.”
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 13 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 14 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 15 season.”
語篇解讀　本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一個小女孩一無所有但把自己最心愛的干葡萄送給了老師，老師把故事分享到網上并收到了捐贈，她希望大家繼續傳播愛的故事。
1．A.helped B．showered
C．comforted D．supplied
答案　B
解析　根據后文講了有一個禮物很特別可知，這里應該是學生在放假前給了老師很多禮物，shower作動詞表示“大量地給予”，固定搭配為shower sb.with sth.大量給予某人……。故選B。
2．A.melted B．cured
C．changed D．broke
答案　A
解析　根據下一段可知，這個女孩沒有別的東西能夠給老師，就把免費麥片里自己最喜歡的部分給了老師，這里指她的禮物融化了老師的心，故選A。
3．A.hesitantly B．casually
C．badly D．hardly
答案　C
解析　根據前面說這個女孩的禮物尤其融化了老師的心可知，此處是她非常想給老師點東西，但是沒有能給的，badly表示非常。故選C。
4．A.opened up B．asked for
C．gave away D．put aside
答案　A
解析　根據前面講這個女孩沒什么東西能給老師可知，這里是指她打開了學校發的麥片，因此選opened up，其余三項代入都不符合語境。故選A。
5．A.courage B．chance
C．lesson D．time
答案　D
解析　根據前一句和后一句可知，學生想把麥片中自己最喜歡的部分給老師，所以此處是她花時間挑出了每個干葡萄，take the time to do sth.為固定搭配，表示花時間做某事。故選D。
6．A.unwrapped B．cooked
C．repackaged D．separated
答案　C
解析　結合常識可知，這里是指從麥片里挑出了干葡萄，重新包裝后再送給老師。故選C。
7．A.nice B．funny
C．imaginary D．old
答案　A
解析　根據前文內容可知，盡管女孩一無所有但仍把自己最心愛的食物送給老師以及小女孩融化了老師的心可知，這是美好的故事，故選A。
8．A.sympathy B．appreciation
C．confidence D．desire
答案　B
解析　根據破折號后說女孩一無所有卻愿意給出自己最喜歡的干葡萄可知，這里是老師希望大家看了故事后可以感恩自己所擁有的東西，故選B。
9．A.enjoy B．sacrifice
C．collect D．keep
答案　B
解析　根據前文女孩把干葡萄挑出來送給老師可知，這里是指她愿意犧牲自己最愛的干葡萄，故選B。
10．A.preparations B．appointments
C．donations D．requirements
答案　C
解析　根據受到了小女孩善良舉動的啟發可知，這里應該是指很多人聯系學校想進行捐贈，故選C。
11．A.curiosity B．trouble
C．experience D．generosity
答案　D
解析　根據空前your指代捐贈東西的人可知，這里應該是在說捐贈者的慷慨大方，故選D。
12．A.unchecked B．unnoticed
C．unexpected D．uncovered
答案　B
解析　根據后一句表示“我們非常感動”可知，此處是指你們的慷慨和捐贈并沒有不被注意，雙重否定表肯定，故選B。
13．A.hope B．word
C．trick D．act
答案　D
解析　根據前面講述了小女孩送禮物可知，這里應該是希望大家記得這個充滿愛的小小舉動，故選D。
14．A.spread B．teach
C．explain D．declare
答案　A
解析　根據前面作者希望大家記住小女孩善良的舉動可知，此處應該是希望大家繼續傳播愛和善意。故選A。
15．A.graduation B．autumn
C．holiday D．school
答案　C
解析　根據第一段介紹了是新年要到來的假期前學生們給了老師禮物可知，這里是想說不要只是在節日期間傳播愛和善意。故選C。
Ⅴ.語法填空
(2022·河南濮陽高二期末質監)
Edinburgh,1. is located in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital of Scotland.
With its museums，shops,2. (wonder) historic castles and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 3. (enjoy) all year round.
Besides，there is more to have fun in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival takes place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4. (taste) are，you are sure to find something joyful.
So far，the Edinburgh International Festival has earned 5. (it) reputation as one of the world’s 6. (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believed that the programs should be of highest possible artistic standard 7. (present) by the best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of Europe 8. that it should provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival resulted 9. the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival(藝穗節)．Both of them 10. (be) widely popular over the past 70 years.
1．答案　which
解析　考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Edinburgh，指物，在從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞which。
2．答案　wonderful
解析　考查形容詞。空處應用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞短語historic castles。故填wonderful。
3．答案　to enjoy
解析　考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，此處應用動詞不定式作名詞interesting things的后置定語；且visitors與enjoy之間是主動關系，所以使用動詞不定式的主動式。
4．答案　tastes
解析　考查名詞的數。taste作名詞時是可數名詞，表示“味道、口味”，又由于空格后的系動詞是are，所以空格處填名詞的復數形式。
5．答案　its
解析　考查代詞。結合本句主語the Edinburgh International Festival可知，此處使用形容詞性物主代詞its作定語，修飾名詞reputation。
6．答案　greatest
解析　考查形容詞的最高級。one of the＋形容詞最高級＋復數名詞，意為“最……的……之一”。
7．答案　presented
解析　考查非謂語動詞。本句已有謂語should be且無連詞，動詞present應用非謂語形式，artistic standard與動詞present是動賓關系，所以present用過去分詞表被動，作后置定語。
8．答案　and
解析　考查連詞。動詞believe后跟了三個并列的賓語從句，所以在最后一個that從句前用并列連詞and連接。
9．答案　in
解析　考查介詞。結合句意可知，此處應使用固定搭配result in表示“導致”。
10．答案　have been
解析　考查動詞的時態和主謂一致。結合時間狀語over the past 70 years可知，時態用現在完成時，主語Both of them是復數，所以助動詞使用have。Unit 2 過去分詞 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第四冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 學生版 7-2-3
目 錄
過去分詞
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
過去分詞
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
概念
過去分詞是非謂語動詞形式之一。過去分詞保留著動詞的部分特性，有完成或被動含義，可帶狀語構成過去分詞短語。在句子中可充當表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等成分。
過去分詞作表語
We were stunned at the news.
聽到這個消息，我們都目瞪口呆。
My niece got addicted to computer games.
我侄女沉迷于電腦游戲。
She looked very disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
這么多年后他仍然未婚。
[總結]　用在系動詞(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主語的狀態或狀況，它體現的是形容詞的特性。
[注意]　過去分詞作表語與被動語態的區別
形式 例句 意義
過去分詞作表語 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 強調主語所處的狀態
動詞的被動語態 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。 表示主語是動作的承受者，強調動作
過去分詞作定語
1．意義
意義 例句
及物動詞的過去分詞表示被動或完成 a polluted river一條被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.這本去年出版的科幻小說深受歡迎。
不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太陽 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有很多落葉。
2.位置
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
醫生發現被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.(諺語)心急鍋不開。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老師批評的那個學生經常和別人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
這本小說將是這類小說中寫得最好的。
[總結]　單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)Some of the people ___________ (invite) to the party can’t come.
(2)The trees ___________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
(3)The police will come soon to take away the ___________ (damage) car.
過去分詞作賓語補足語
1．意義：過去分詞作賓補，說明賓語的狀態或性質，與賓語一起構成復合賓語，它前面的賓語就是其邏輯主語。過去分詞作賓補時，其所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系。作賓補的多是及物動詞。
2．三類接過去分詞作賓補的動詞
類別 例句
表示感覺或心理狀態的動詞。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我聽到比賽結果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他發現他的錢包丟了。
表示“致使”意義的動詞。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理發。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 務必把那些事情做完。
表示“希望”“要求”意義的動詞。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其結構為“及物動詞＋賓語＋(to be)＋過去分詞”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解決。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5點前完成我的作業。
[注意]　“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”的三種含義
例句 含義
We had the machine repaired. 我們請人修了機器。 表示“讓某人做某事”
I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修補了房子。 完成或解決某事(主語可能參與其中)
He had his wallet stolen.他的錢包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某種不幸；受到打擊”
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)You’d better have your shoes ___________ (mend).
(2)The father wants his daughter ___________(teach) the piano.
(3)I saw an old man ___________(knock) down by a car.
(4)I’d like the job ___________ (do) when I come back from the journey.
過去分詞作狀語
意義：過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語動詞，進一步說明謂語動詞的動作和狀態，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語，且主語是過去分詞動作的承受者。過去分詞作狀語時，可單獨使用，也可以在其前面加上適當的連詞(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等。
(時間狀語)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
從山頂往下看時，這座公園看起來更加漂亮。
(原因狀語)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因為被媽媽懲罰，小男孩大哭起來。
(條件狀語)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多給我幾分鐘，我就能做完試卷了。
(條件狀語)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
這個女孩會一連幾個小時不說話，除非被問到。
(讓步狀語)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
盡管疲憊不堪，總理還是繼續處理政治問題直到深夜。
(伴隨狀語)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科學家屠呦呦進來了，后面跟著她的助手。
[注意]　有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時不表示被動，而表示人的狀態。常見的有：lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.
因為沉迷于讀那本科幻小說，所以他沒聽到喇叭聲。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.
因為非常感興趣，我問他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.
位于中國東部海岸線上，青島是中國一個重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因為對結果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句話也沒說。
【即學活用】語法填空
(1)___________ (leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.
(2)She accepted the gift, deeply ___________ (move).
(3)We went to the cinema, ___________ (fill) with excitement.
(4)Once ___________ (pour), water cannot be taken back.
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. The bridge was damaged in the flood, _______________(result) in the train falling into the river.
2. _______________(guide) by an artist, the girl made much progress.
3. _______________(blame) for her faults, the little girl was in low spirits.
4. The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _______________(satisfy) smile.
5. Don’t drink _______________(pollute) water because it can cause diseases.
6. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _______________(call).
7. When I came in, I found a strange girl _______________(seat) in the corner.
8. Though _______________(defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart.
9. _______________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
10. No matter how frequently _______________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
Ⅱ. 用過去分詞完成下面的句子
1. They became _______________________________ they stayed awake all night.
他們變得如此擔心, 以至于一整晚都沒有睡覺。
2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______________________________.
早餐他只喝自家農場出產的新鮮水果汁。
3. The young man, _______________________________, is determined to start his own firm.
這個年輕人厭倦了為別人工作, 決心創辦自己的公司。
4. Children, _______________________________, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子們在父母的陪同下可以進入體育場。
5. _______________________________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
這本書寫得清晰且深思熟慮, 激發了那些希望尋求自己的答案的學生的信心。
6. Claire _______________________________ an hour before her plane left.
克萊爾在飛機起飛前一小時讓人檢查了行李。
7. When he got to school, _______________________________.
當他到學校時, 他看見門鎖著。
8. You’d better _______________________________.
你最好叫人把這座危樓推倒。
9. The concert _______________________________ was a success.
他們的朋友舉行的音樂會大為成功。
10. I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes _______________________________.
我迅速彎下身, 低下頭, 避免直視他的眼睛, 這樣他就不會感覺受到了挑戰。
III. 根據提示使用本單元所學的語法知識翻譯下面語段
這位年輕的女畫家雄心勃勃, 她想把她的畫陳列(display)在畫廊里, 但她不知道這些畫是否會很受歡迎。在父母的鼓勵(encourage)下, 她按計劃(plan)展出了她的作品。這些畫得(paint)很漂亮的作品一經展出, 人們就贊不絕口。她和她的父母都對這個結果感到滿意(satisfy)。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 完成下列語段，盡可能多地使用過去分詞
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃驚，眼睛凝視著橡樹(oak tree)。被許多黃手帕覆蓋，橡樹像一面歡迎的旗幟，隨風飄揚。Vingo滿心歡喜，他的心狂跳不已。激動的Vingo從座位上站起來，向公共汽車的前面走去。他迫不及待地想見到他心愛的妻子和孩子們，他們一直期待著他的歸來。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
能力提升 突破考點
Ⅰ.單句語法填空
1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______________(lose) for words.
2．Tsinghua University ______________(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3．______________(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.
4．______________(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5．Claire had her luggage ______________(check) an hour before her plane left.
6．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______________(remind) of his own dreams.
7．The players ______________(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8．Most of the artists ______________(invite) to the party were from South of Africa.
9．______________(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ______________(disappoint)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．隨著假期臨近，我的同學們變得越來越興奮。(過去分詞作表語)
With the holiday approaching，__________________________.
2．因為擔心即將到來的考試，有些同學學習到深夜。(過去分詞短語作狀語)
__________________________，some students study until midnight.
3．我的同桌不想浪費時間，所以他經常讓人把飯帶到教室里來。(過去分詞作賓補)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often __________________________.
4．他經常做一些從網上下載的練習題。(過去分詞短語作定語)
He often does some exercises __________________________.
5．決心向他學習，我也開始在教室吃飯。但是我因為在英語課上吃東西被懲罰了。(過去分詞短語作狀語、作表語)
__________________________，I also begin to eat in the classroom，but I __________________________.
6．我寫信是想告訴你，我不能按我們約好的時間陪你逛書店了。(過去分詞作定語)
I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you __________________________.
7．上周五，我們班邀請了一位年老的工藝師來教我們如何做中國結，這旨在弘揚中國文化。(過去分詞短語作狀語)
Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，__________________________.
8．我感到非常榮幸能做一個有關如何提高英語口語的演講。(過去分詞作表語)
__________________________ on how to improve oral English.
Ⅲ.閱讀理解
The other day，my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair.The two of them had been close.And then one day，Sara had，with the best intentions，done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at.
Things became worse.Sara didn’t know what to say or do.She didn’t know how to repair the relationship.She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.The team，and their output，were suffering.
It was time to do something to rectify the situation.I asked Sara what she needed.After much thought，she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind，to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad.
“Ah...” I said to her.“You want an apology.” I then asked her，“What do you think your colleague might want？” I asked.
She didn’t answer.
“Did you ever apologize？” I asked her.She shook her head no.“Do you think you might want to apologize？” I asked her.She shrugged her shoulders... then shook her head yes.
Sometimes we take so long to apologize.We justify our unwillingness，saying it won’t really make a difference.Or they should apologize first.Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us.But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.
1．What happened between Sara and her colleague
A．They decided to quit the job together.
B．They spoke ill of each other.
C．They were badly annoyed with each other.
D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance.
2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Investigate. B．Correct.
C．Maintain. D．Review.
3．What did the author advise Sara to do
A．Accept her colleague’s apology.
B．Wait for her colleague to apologize.
C．Apologize to her colleague first.
D．Justify herself to her colleague.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To stress the importance of an apology.
B．To explain how to apologize effectively.
C．To show how to respond to others’ apology.
D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues.
Ⅳ.完形填空
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation，they 1 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl，in particular， 2 her heart.
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 3 ，but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing，she 4 her free breakfast cereal(混合麥片) at school.
She took the 5 to pick every dried grape，the favorite part of her breakfast，out of her cereal and 6 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher.
Rachel posted the 7 story on Facebook，hoping to help people gain some 8 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer，she was still willing to 9 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture，many people contacted the school headmaster to make 10 .“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine，” Rachel said.“Your 11 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 12 .We are all deeply moved.”
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 13 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 14 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 15 season.”
1．A.helped B．showered
C．comforted D．supplied
2．A.melted B．cured
C．changed D．broke
3．A.hesitantly B．casually
C．badly D．hardly
4．A.opened up B．asked for
C．gave away D．put aside
5．A.courage B．chance
C．lesson D．time
6．A.unwrapped B．cooked
C．repackaged D．separated
7．A.nice B．funny
C．imaginary D．old
8．A.sympathy B．appreciation
C．confidence D．desire
9．A.enjoy B．sacrifice
C．collect D．keep
10．A.preparations B．appointments
C．donations D．requirements
11．A.curiosity B．trouble
C．experience D．generosity
12．A.unchecked B．unnoticed
C．unexpected D．uncovered
13．A.hope B．word
C．trick D．act
14．A.spread B．teach
C．explain D．declare
15．A.graduation B．autumn
C．holiday D．school
Ⅴ.語法填空
(2022·河南濮陽高二期末質監)
Edinburgh,1. is located in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital of Scotland.
With its museums，shops,2. (wonder) historic castles and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 3. (enjoy) all year round.
Besides，there is more to have fun in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival takes place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4. (taste) are，you are sure to find something joyful.
So far，the Edinburgh International Festival has earned 5. (it) reputation as one of the world’s 6. (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believed that the programs should be of highest possible artistic standard 7. (present) by the best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of Europe 8. that it should provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival resulted 9. the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival(藝穗節)．Both of them 10. (be) widely popular over the past 70 years.

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