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Unit 3 直接引語和間接引語 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第三冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 教師版 6-3-3
直接引語和間接引語
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
直接引語和間接引語
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
直接引語如果變為間接引語，須在連接詞、人稱、時態、狀語、個別指示代詞和動詞等方面做相應的變化。
1. 連接詞的選擇
(1)直接引語是陳述句，變為間接引語時，常變成由that引導的賓語從句。在口語中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door. ”
小男孩說：“我在玩我的玩具，這時有人敲門。”(直接引語為陳述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
小男孩說，他在玩他的玩具，那時有人敲門。(間接引語為that引導的賓語從句)
(2)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反義疑問句時，間接引語中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if引導。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
媽媽對她的女兒說：“你對你的新房間滿意嗎？”(直接引語為一般疑問句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
媽媽問她女兒是否對她的新房間滿意。(間接引語改為whether/if引導的賓語從句)
(3)直接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導，其余的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉換規則來進行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
他說：“什么時候舉行運動會？”(直接引語為特殊疑問句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
他問什么時候舉行運動會。(間接引語改為由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句)
[名師點津]
(1)直接引語是陳述句時，若變為間接引語，主句謂語動詞“said to sb. ”常改為told sb. 。
(2)直接引語是疑問句時，如果主句中謂語動詞是said，則將其改為asked。
(3)疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。
[即學即練1]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①The patient asked，“Is Dr. Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked whether/if Dr. Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.
2. 人稱的變化
[記憶口訣]一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。
直接引語變為間接引語時，人稱代詞要根據轉述人立場的變化作相應的改變。
(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own. ”
瑪麗說，“我想擁有一臺我自己的電腦。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
瑪麗說她想擁有一臺自己的電腦。
(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
她的同事對她說，“你向誰請了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事問她向誰請了假。
(3)“第三人稱不更新”。指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours. ”
工人們說：“領導經常讓工人們加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人們說領導經常讓工人們加班。
[即學即練2]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party. ”
→John said (that) the next day he was going to attend that party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago. ”
→She said (that) she had worked in Shanghai three years before.
3. 時態的變化
直接引語變為間接引語時句子時態變化如下表：
直接引語 間接引語
句子時態 一般現在時 一般過去時
現在進行時 過去進行時
現在完成時 過去完成時
一般過去時 過去完成時
過去完成時 不變
一般將來時 過去將來時
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic. ”
他的朋友對他說：“我們計劃去野餐。”(直接引語為現在進行時)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
他的朋友告訴他說，他們計劃去野餐。(間接引語為過去進行時)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan. ”
組織者說：“我們已開始了我們的計劃。”(直接引語為現在完成時)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
組織者說，他們已開始了他們的計劃。(間接引語為過去完成時)
[名師點津]
直接引語變為間接引語時，時態不發生變化的情況：
(1)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時；
(2)直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變；
(3)主句的謂語時態為現在進行時態。
[即學即練3]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked. ”
→My mother said that the door wasn't locked.
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease. ”
→The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room. ”
→Tom said that he was reading in his room.
4. 指示詞、狀語及動詞的變化
指示代詞 this that
these those
時間狀語 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地點狀語 here there
動詞 come go
bring take
5. 當祈使句作直接引語表示要求和命令時，變間接引語時常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告訴我要聽他的指令。
6. 若直接引語中祈使句是否定形式，變間接引語時，不定式符號to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告訴孩子們不要制造這么多噪音。
7. 當直接引語為表示建議、提議的祈使句或表示請求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問句時，多采用“suggest＋doing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時，從句使用虛擬語氣should＋動詞原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等結構。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight. ”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建議我們去看電影。
8. 如果直接引語部分是感嘆句，改為間接引語時，引導詞可以用該感嘆句的感嘆詞(即what或how)引導，也可以用that引導。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
她說天氣不錯。
9. 若直接引語中的一般疑問句是由表示委婉語氣的would，could等構成的疑問句，轉換為間接引語時句子的謂語動詞常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他問我是否能借給他兩元錢。
[即學即練4]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”
→She cried what a crazy idea I had.
②I asked my roommate，“Would you mind turning the music down？”
→I asked my roommate to turn the music down.
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 將下列直接引語變為間接引語
1. He asked her，“Where are you going？”
He asked her where she was going.
2. “A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said to me.
Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. “You must finish it today，” the boss said to his secretary.
The boss told his secretary that she/he had to finish it that day.
4. “How long have you worked in the company？”he asked me.
He asked me how long I had worked in the company.
5. “Will Mr Chen come to give us a lecture next week？” I asked Sara.
I asked Sara whether/if Mr Chen would come to give us a lecture the next/following week.
Ⅱ. 單句寫作
6. 他說他擔心那些動物會死于饑餓。
He said that he was worried that those animals would die of/from starvation.
7. 父親讓我在空閑時間研究生態學。
My father asked me to study ecology in my spare time.
8. 那位專家建議我們盡快修復這座舊劇院。
The expert suggested that we (should) restore the old theatre as soon as possible.
9. 導游告訴我們一些人正在視察那所學校。
The guild told us that some people were inspecting the school.
10. 媽媽問我是否能忍受那么惡劣的工作條件。
My mother asked me whether/if I could tolerate such bad working conditions.
能力提升 突破考點
實戰演練
Ⅰ. 將下列直接引語變為間接引語
1. “I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ He said that he was having breakfast.
2. Jenny said, “I have finished my homework. ”
→ J enny said that she had finished her homework.
3. “You can come here before eight,” he said.
→ He said that I could go there before eight.
4. “Did you read the book last week ” he said.
→ He asked if/whether I had read the book the week before.
5. He asked me, “How will you get to the party ”
→ He asked me how I would get to the party.
6. “Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
→ The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window.
7. Sophie said, “Facts speak louder than words. ”
→ Sophie said that facts speak louder than words.
8. She said to me, “They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat. ”
→ She told me that they wanted to decrease the amount of fat they ate.
9. “You are a doctor, aren’t you ” he said.
→ He asked (me) whether I was a doctor (or not).
10. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys. ”
→ He told the boys not to make that much noise.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. “I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that she hadn’t seen her English teacher those days.
2. “How much have we spent on education this year ” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband how much they had spent on education that year.
3. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked whether/if I knew where she lived .
4. “Don’t forget to turn off the light,” said our monitor.
→Our monitor told me not to forget to turn off the light.
5. “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
→He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.
6. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”→The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.
7. Mary said, “I came to this place again in 2000. ”
→Mary said that she went to that place again in 2000.
8. He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ”
→He said that his washing machine was being repaired that week, so he had to wash his clothes by hand.
9. Kurt asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth ”
→Kurt asked John what his plan for personal growth was .
10. “A parents’ meeting will be held in our class next week,” Li Hua said to his parents.
→Li Hua told his parents that a parents’ meeting would be held in their class the following/next week.
Ⅲ. 語法填空
1. Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world 1. warmer (warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. them (they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3. that/which threatens their only home.
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice 4. has been reduced (reduce) by 9. 8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5. on/upon sea ice for their 6. survival (survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7. a scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist. ”
8. Melting (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time 9. to huntUnit 3 直接引語和間接引語 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第三冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 教師版 6-3-3
直接引語和間接引語
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
直接引語和間接引語
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
直接引語如果變為間接引語，須在連接詞、人稱、時態、狀語、個別指示代詞和動詞等方面做相應的變化。
1. 連接詞的選擇
(1)直接引語是陳述句，變為間接引語時，常變成由that引導的賓語從句。在口語中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door. ”
小男孩說：“我在玩我的玩具，這時有人敲門。”(直接引語為陳述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
小男孩說，他在玩他的玩具，那時有人敲門。(間接引語為that引導的賓語從句)
(2)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反義疑問句時，間接引語中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if引導。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
媽媽對她的女兒說：“你對你的新房間滿意嗎？”(直接引語為一般疑問句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
媽媽問她女兒是否對她的新房間滿意。(間接引語改為whether/if引導的賓語從句)
(3)直接引語為特殊疑問句時，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導，其余的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉換規則來進行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
他說：“什么時候舉行運動會？”(直接引語為特殊疑問句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
他問什么時候舉行運動會。(間接引語改為由特殊疑問詞引導的賓語從句)
[名師點津]
(1)直接引語是陳述句時，若變為間接引語，主句謂語動詞“said to sb. ”常改為told sb. 。
(2)直接引語是疑問句時，如果主句中謂語動詞是said，則將其改為asked。
(3)疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。
[即學即練1]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①The patient asked，“Is Dr. Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked __________________ Dr. Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked __________________ had lost the key to the room.
2. 人稱的變化
[記憶口訣]一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。
直接引語變為間接引語時，人稱代詞要根據轉述人立場的變化作相應的改變。
(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own. ”
瑪麗說，“我想擁有一臺我自己的電腦。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
瑪麗說她想擁有一臺自己的電腦。
(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
她的同事對她說，“你向誰請了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事問她向誰請了假。
(3)“第三人稱不更新”。指直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours. ”
工人們說：“領導經常讓工人們加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人們說領導經常讓工人們加班。
[即學即練2]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party. ”
→John said (that) the next day __________________ attend that party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago. ”
→She said (that) __________________ three years before.
3. 時態的變化
直接引語變為間接引語時句子時態變化如下表：
直接引語 間接引語
句子時態 一般現在時 一般過去時
現在進行時 過去進行時
現在完成時 過去完成時
一般過去時 過去完成時
過去完成時 不變
一般將來時 過去將來時
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic. ”
他的朋友對他說：“我們計劃去野餐。”(直接引語為現在進行時)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
他的朋友告訴他說，他們計劃去野餐。(間接引語為過去進行時)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan. ”
組織者說：“我們已開始了我們的計劃。”(直接引語為現在完成時)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
組織者說，他們已開始了他們的計劃。(間接引語為過去完成時)
[名師點津]
直接引語變為間接引語時，時態不發生變化的情況：
(1)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時；
(2)直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語，變為間接引語時，時態不變；
(3)主句的謂語時態為現在進行時態。
[即學即練3]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked. ”
→My mother said that the door __________________.
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease. ”
→The patient said (that) the doctors __________________ the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room. ”
→Tom said that he __________________ in his room.
4. 指示詞、狀語及動詞的變化
指示代詞 this that
these those
時間狀語 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地點狀語 here there
動詞 come go
bring take
5. 當祈使句作直接引語表示要求和命令時，變間接引語時常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告訴我要聽他的指令。
6. 若直接引語中祈使句是否定形式，變間接引語時，不定式符號to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告訴孩子們不要制造這么多噪音。
7. 當直接引語為表示建議、提議的祈使句或表示請求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問句時，多采用“suggest＋doing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時，從句使用虛擬語氣should＋動詞原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等結構。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight. ”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建議我們去看電影。
8. 如果直接引語部分是感嘆句，改為間接引語時，引導詞可以用該感嘆句的感嘆詞(即what或how)引導，也可以用that引導。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
她說天氣不錯。
9. 若直接引語中的一般疑問句是由表示委婉語氣的would，could等構成的疑問句，轉換為間接引語時句子的謂語動詞常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他問我是否能借給他兩元錢。
[即學即練4]　將直接引語變換為間接引語
①She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”
→She cried __________________ a crazy idea I had.
②I asked my roommate，“Would you mind turning the music down？”
→I asked my roommate __________________ the music down.
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 將下列直接引語變為間接引語
1. He asked her，“Where are you going？”
______________________________________________________________
2. “A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said to me.
______________________________________________________________
3. “You must finish it today，” the boss said to his secretary.
_____________________________________________________________
4. “How long have you worked in the company？”he asked me.
______________________________________________________________
5. “Will Mr Chen come to give us a lecture next week？” I asked Sara.
______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 單句寫作
6. 他說他擔心那些動物會死于饑餓。
______________________________________________________________
7. 父親讓我在空閑時間研究生態學。
______________________________________________________________
8. 那位專家建議我們盡快修復這座舊劇院。
__________________
9. 導游告訴我們一些人正在視察那所學校。
______________________________________________________________
10. 媽媽問我是否能忍受那么惡劣的工作條件。
______________________________________________________________
能力提升 突破考點
實戰演練
Ⅰ. 將下列直接引語變為間接引語
1. “I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
2. Jenny said, “I have finished my homework. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
3. “You can come here before eight,” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
4. “Did you read the book last week ” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
5. He asked me, “How will you get to the party ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
6. “Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
→ ______________________________________________________________
7. Sophie said, “Facts speak louder than words. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
8. She said to me, “They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
9. “You are a doctor, aren’t you ” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
10. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. “I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that __________________English teacher __________________days.
2. “How much have we spent on education this year ” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband how much __________________on education __________________year.
3. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked __________________where she __________________.
4. “Don’t forget to turn off the light,” said our monitor.
→Our monitor told me __________________to turn off the light.
5. “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
→He told Tom that he __________________and see him again __________________evening.
6. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”→The teacher said that where there __________________a will, there __________________a way.
7. Mary said, “I came to this place again in 2000. ”
→Mary said that she __________________again in 2000.
8. He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ”
→He said that his washing machine __________________being repaired __________________week, so he had to wash his clothes by hand.
9. Kurt asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth ”
→Kurt asked John what __________________plan for personal growth __________________.
10. “A parents’ meeting will be held in our class next week,” Li Hua said to his parents.
→Li Hua told his parents that a parents’ meeting __________________be held in __________________class __________________week.
Ⅲ. 語法填空
Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world 1. __________________(warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. __________________(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3. __________________threatens their only home.
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice 4. __________________(reduce) by 9. 8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5. __________________sea ice for their 6. __________________(survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7. __________________scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist. ”
8. __________________(melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time 9. __________________

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