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Unit 5 定語從句 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第三冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 教師版 6-5-3
定語從句
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
定語從句
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句概述
1. 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的內容就不完整，意義也會發生改變。從句和先行詞的關系十分密切，從句緊跟先行詞，兩者之間不可用逗號隔開。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那條兩周前丟失的項鏈。
2. 非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的補充說明。沒有它，主句也能獨立存在；非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關系不是很密切，兩者之間用逗號隔開。
He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有兩個姐姐，她們在城里工作。
[即學即練1]　單句語法填空
①The weather turned out to be very good，__________________ was more than we could expect.
②Is this the museum __________________ the exhibition was held
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
1. 標點的運用有所不同
限制性定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，其后不可用逗號分開；而非限制性定語從句也常放在先行詞后，但必須用逗號與主句分開。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在樹下的那個女孩是誰？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.
他是一個知識淵博的老師，從他那兒可以學到許多東西。
2. 從句的作用不同
限制性定語從句對先行詞起到修飾限制作用，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定語從句則是對一個概念清楚的先行詞進行附加說明，若將其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海邊。在那里，我們看到一些人在打沙灘排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.
艾麗斯收到了她以前同學的一封信，這真是件令人驚奇的事情。
3. 關系詞的選用不同
限制性定語從句可以用關系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，關系副詞when，where，why等引導，而非限制性定語從句不可用that或why來引導(上述引導詞除了這兩者以外均可用來引導非限制性定語從句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可換用that)
昨天他買了一輛新車，是日本生產的。
He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可換用why，因為which在定語從句中作主語，而why只能在定語從句中作狀語)
＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他沒有給出他上周沒參加會議的理由。
4. 從句所修飾的先行詞有所不同
限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組；而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除了名詞、代詞外，還可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
這是我曾經讀過的書中的最好的一本。
He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比賽中得了一等獎，這一點真出乎我們預料。
5. 關系詞的省略不同
在限制性定語從句中，當關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時，在口語中可以省略，關系副詞有時也可省略。而非限制性定語從句中的關系代詞或關系副詞不可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college. (we前省略了that/which)
我仍然記得我們在大學時一起度過的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be. (that在定語從句中作表語)
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6. 英譯漢時有所不同，譯成漢語時，往往把限制性定語從句的內容置于先行詞之前；而非限制性定語從句和主句往往翻譯成兩個分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上星期天我們用的那臺機器是哪一臺？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.
那場音樂會是上周舉行的，獲得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能遲到，要是那樣的話我們就等等他。
[即學即練2]　單句語法填空
①Liquid water changes to vapor，__________________ is called evaporation.
②Charles Smith，__________________ was my former teacher，retired last year.
③This is the house __________________ I lived two years ago.
as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區別
which as
位置上 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上 意為“這一點” 表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。
After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大學畢業后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。
[即學即練3]
①Metals have many good properties，__________________ has been stated before.
②Light travels in straight lines，__________________ explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 句型轉換
1. That book’s content is very inspiring. Would you like to buy it
Would you like to buy that book __________________
2. She is looking at a picture. It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture __________________ was drawn by a blind girl.
3. The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house __________________ he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village __________________ ran a winding river.
5. She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，__________________ are abroad now.
Ⅱ. 單句寫作
6. 我昨天打壞的花瓶是很昂貴的。
__________________
7. 送我去醫院的那個人是我的一個鄰居。
__________________
8. 他不能到那里去的原因是他臥病在床。
__________________
9. 我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時代。
__________________
10. 昨天雨下得很大，這阻止了我去公園。
__________________
Ⅱ. 語法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11. __________________ I breathed its choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12. __________________ is a dream place for tourists 13. __________________ seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14. __________________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 15. __________________ fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers 16. __________________ was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17. __________________ are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18. __________________ are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent,19. __________________ is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20. __________________ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
能力提升 突破考點
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）The best books are the ones __________________open further as time passes.
2. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things __________________we use every day.
3. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, __________________is about five miles longer than the marathon.
4. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）Here’s a handful of ways __________________will set you in the right direction.
5. （2020全國新高考Ⅰ）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, __________________will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
6. （2020課標全國Ⅱ）I see libraries as a safe haven（避風港） for readers and writers, a bridge __________________helps put together a reader with a book.
7. （2020課標全國Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist __________________paintings were almost lifelike.
8. （2020天津）Dr. Rowan, __________________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
9. （2020江蘇）Many lessons are now available online, __________________which students can choose for free.
10. （2020海南）Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way __________________their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我們已經進入一個夢想有機會成真的最佳時代。
We have entered into an age ___________________________________________________.
2. 夾克的邊緣上有一塊布, 可以在黑暗中發光。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _____________________________________________.
3. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一。
This is ______________________________________________.
4. 很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區追求自己的夢想, 他們中大部分都接受過良好的教育。
Many young people, ________________________________, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
5. 正如報道的那樣, 吸煙的人數僅在一年內就已經減少了百分之十七。
The number of smokers, __________________, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
6. 桌面上那些封面閃閃發亮的書是我們的獎品。
The books on the desk, __________________, are prizes for us.
幸福和成功經常青睞那些善于發現自身優勢的人。
Happiness and success often come to those __________________.
8. 我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周, 屆時天氣可能會更好。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __________________.
9. 一個月后我們將會達到年初所定的銷售目標。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month __________________.
10. 他在當地一所高中上的學, 后來考上了北京大學。
He was educated at a local high school, __________________.
尋定語從句，解讀七選五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. __________________ Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way. You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours. What success means to each of us is totally different. Success to others may mean being a good parent. Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
__________________ There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on. The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges. Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. __________________ You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it. Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness. If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. __________________
Spend quality time with people you love. __________________ People don’t live forever. Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you. You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you. Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did. ”
A. Lost time is never found again.
B. Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C. Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D. There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E. For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F. And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G. Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.Unit 5 定語從句 語法講義
2024-2025學年人教版高二英語選擇性必修第三冊
英語24字整體教學 整體掌握 教師版 6-5-3
定語從句
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
基礎鞏固 透析語法
能力提升 突破考點
定語從句
思維導圖 整體掌握
語法精講 規律探析
限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句概述
1. 限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的內容就不完整，意義也會發生改變。從句和先行詞的關系十分密切，從句緊跟先行詞，兩者之間不可用逗號隔開。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那條兩周前丟失的項鏈。
2. 非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的補充說明。沒有它，主句也能獨立存在；非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關系不是很密切，兩者之間用逗號隔開。
He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有兩個姐姐，她們在城里工作。
[即學即練1]　單句語法填空
①The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
②Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區別
1. 標點的運用有所不同
限制性定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，其后不可用逗號分開；而非限制性定語從句也常放在先行詞后，但必須用逗號與主句分開。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在樹下的那個女孩是誰？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.
他是一個知識淵博的老師，從他那兒可以學到許多東西。
2. 從句的作用不同
限制性定語從句對先行詞起到修飾限制作用，是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定語從句則是對一個概念清楚的先行詞進行附加說明，若將其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海邊。在那里，我們看到一些人在打沙灘排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.
艾麗斯收到了她以前同學的一封信，這真是件令人驚奇的事情。
3. 關系詞的選用不同
限制性定語從句可以用關系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，關系副詞when，where，why等引導，而非限制性定語從句不可用that或why來引導(上述引導詞除了這兩者以外均可用來引導非限制性定語從句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可換用that)
昨天他買了一輛新車，是日本生產的。
He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可換用why，因為which在定語從句中作主語，而why只能在定語從句中作狀語)
＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他沒有給出他上周沒參加會議的理由。
4. 從句所修飾的先行詞有所不同
限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組；而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除了名詞、代詞外，還可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
這是我曾經讀過的書中的最好的一本。
He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比賽中得了一等獎，這一點真出乎我們預料。
5. 關系詞的省略不同
在限制性定語從句中，當關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時，在口語中可以省略，關系副詞有時也可省略。而非限制性定語從句中的關系代詞或關系副詞不可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college. (we前省略了that/which)
我仍然記得我們在大學時一起度過的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be. (that在定語從句中作表語)
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6. 英譯漢時有所不同，譯成漢語時，往往把限制性定語從句的內容置于先行詞之前；而非限制性定語從句和主句往往翻譯成兩個分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上星期天我們用的那臺機器是哪一臺？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.
那場音樂會是上周舉行的，獲得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能遲到，要是那樣的話我們就等等他。
[即學即練2]　單句語法填空
①Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation.
②Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.
③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
as和which引導非限制性定語從句的區別
which as
位置上 只能放在先行詞的后面 位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上 無動詞的限制 謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上 意為“這一點” 表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。
After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大學畢業后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。
[即學即練3]
①Metals have many good properties，as has been stated before.
②Light travels in straight lines，which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.
基礎鞏固 透析語法
Ⅰ. 句型轉換
1. That book’s content is very inspiring. Would you like to buy it
Would you like to buy that book whose content is very inspiring
2. She is looking at a picture. It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture that/which she is looking at was drawn by a blind girl.
3. The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river.
5. She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，all of whom are abroad now.
Ⅱ. 單句寫作
6. 我昨天打壞的花瓶是很昂貴的。
The vase that/which I broke yesterday was very expensive.
7. 送我去醫院的那個人是我的一個鄰居。
The man that/who sent me to the hospital was one of my neighbors.
8. 他不能到那里去的原因是他臥病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
9. 我們生活在許多事情可以在電腦上做的時代。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers.
10. 昨天雨下得很大，這阻止了我去公園。
It rained hard yesterday，which prevented/stopped me from going to the park.
Ⅱ. 語法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11. where I breathed its choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12. which is a dream place for tourists 13. who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14. that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 15. who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers 16. that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17. that/which are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18. that/who are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent,19. which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20. who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
能力提升 突破考點
Ⅰ. 單句語法填空
1. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.
2. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that/which we use every day.
3. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.
4. （2020課標全國Ⅰ）Here’s a handful of ways that/which will set you in the right direction.
5. （2020全國新高考Ⅰ）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
6. （2020課標全國Ⅱ）I see libraries as a safe haven（避風港） for readers and writers, a bridge that/which helps put together a reader with a book.
7. （2020課標全國Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
8. （2020天津）Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
9. （2020江蘇）Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.
10. （2020海南）Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that/in which their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我們已經進入一個夢想有機會成真的最佳時代。
We have entered into an age where dreams have the best chance of coming true .
2. 夾克的邊緣上有一塊布, 可以在黑暗中發光。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark .
3. 這是我讀過的最有趣的書之一。
This is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read .
4. 很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區追求自己的夢想, 他們中大部分都接受過良好的教育。
Many young people, most of whom are well-educated , headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
5. 正如報道的那樣, 吸煙的人數僅在一年內就已經減少了百分之十七。
The number of smokers, as is reported , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
6. 桌面上那些封面閃閃發亮的書是我們的獎品。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shining , are prizes for us.
幸福和成功經常青睞那些善于發現自身優勢的人。
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths .
8. 我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周, 屆時天氣可能會更好。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better .
9. 一個月后我們將會達到年初所定的銷售目標。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set at the beginning of the year .
10. 他在當地一所高中上的學, 后來考上了北京大學。
He was educated at a local high school, after which he was admitted to Peking University .
尋定語從句，解讀七選五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. 1 Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way.You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours.What success means to each of us is totally different.Success to others may mean being a good parent.Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
　2　 There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges.Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. 3 You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness.If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. 4
Spend quality time with people you love. 5 People don’t live forever.Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you.You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you.Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did.”
A．Lost time is never found again.
B．Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C．Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D．There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E．For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F．And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G．Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
[語篇解讀]　
這是一篇說明文。介紹了在寫自己的人生故事的時候的一些見解。
1．答案　G
解析　根據上文“寫自己人生篇章的時候，不要把筆交給別人。”下文是寫人生篇章的一些見解。所以橫線處起到承上啟下的作用。故G項“每天都要做出明智的選擇，因為你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句話”符合題意。
2．答案　C
解析　由本段內容可知，通往人生這座高山有很多路可以走，走哪條并不重要。唯一的錯誤是我們把時間浪費在在山腳下徘徊，告訴其他人你選擇的路是一條錯誤的路。所以C項“當你必須改變自己所走的路時，你可以改變。但要繼續前行”符合題意。
3．答案　D
解析　由上文可知，有時候，成長意味著遠離陳舊的習慣、人際關系和環境，去發現一些真正打動你的新東西。下文又提到你應該非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的樂趣。所以D項“沒有什么比把生活看成一場冒險更奇妙的了”符合題意。
4．答案　F
解析　由本段的小標題和空前句可知，F項“記住，沒有什么比伸出手來幫助有需要的人更好的了”符合題意。
5．答案　A

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