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Module 2 Unit3 Traditional skills講義滬教牛津版(廣州深圳沈陽(yáng)通用)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)

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Module 2 Unit3 Traditional skills講義滬教牛津版(廣州深圳沈陽(yáng)通用)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)

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滬教8下Unit 3課文重難點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)解析
基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)匯總
單詞 description n.說(shuō)明;describe v.描述;fisherman n.漁民;net n.網(wǎng);although conj.雖然;fit adj.健康的;dive v.下潛;ready adj.準(zhǔn)備好;reach v.到達(dá);attract v.吸引;hang v.懸掛;post n.柱;require v.需要;practise v.從事;tool n.用具;scissors n.剪刀;pattern n.圖案;character n.文字;人物;health n.健康;luck n.幸運(yùn);size n.大小;simple adj.簡(jiǎn)單的;lovely adj.迷人的
短語(yǔ) paper cutting剪紙;up to到達(dá)(某數(shù)量;程度等);set off出發(fā);up and down起伏;after dark天黑后;no more不再;all the time(在某段時(shí)間內(nèi))一直
口語(yǔ)表達(dá) 學(xué)習(xí)如何描述別人 描述剪紙的傳統(tǒng)技巧
語(yǔ)法 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
寫(xiě)作 寫(xiě)一篇短文,描述一個(gè)擁有傳統(tǒng)技藝的人
Getting ready
Learn to a description of a picture.
description是可數(shù)名詞,意為“描述”,對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞是describe,其后可接表示“人;事物;事情”的詞作賓語(yǔ)。
This description teaches others how to find the problem.
這個(gè)描述指導(dǎo)其他人如何找到問(wèn)題。
She describes the accident very carefully.
她非常仔細(xì)地描述了事故。
2.There are lots of fish here
fish在此作可數(shù)名詞,意為“魚(yú)”,是單復(fù)數(shù)同行的名詞。
a fish 一條魚(yú) two fish 兩條魚(yú)
知識(shí)拓展:fish作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)意為“魚(yú)肉”;指魚(yú)的種類時(shí)有復(fù)數(shù)形式fishes。
I ate some fish just now.我剛才吃了一些魚(yú)肉。
There are different kinds of fishes here.這里有不同種類的魚(yú)。
3.so we’ll know where to come next time!
where to come next time是“疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),作’ll know的賓語(yǔ)。where意為“哪里”,在該結(jié)構(gòu)中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
I know where to park the car.我知道在哪里停車。
Reading
Wang Damin is a fisherman.
fisherman是可數(shù)名詞,意為“漁民”,復(fù)數(shù)形式是fishermen。
There are some fishermen over there.那邊有一些漁民。
2.Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.
Although he is over 65是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,置于主句he......working前,用逗號(hào)將它們隔開(kāi)。although意為“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)還可放在主句后,不用逗號(hào)將它們隔開(kāi)。
They are generous although they are poor.他們很大方,盡管他們窮。
重要提示:中文的習(xí)慣用法是“盡管...但是...”;但英語(yǔ)中although和but不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn),二者只能選其中之一。
Although he is still young, he has been world-famous.
=He is still young,but he has been world famous.盡管還很年輕,但他已經(jīng)世界聞名。
(2)over在此表示“超過(guò)”,應(yīng)放在基數(shù)詞之后。
My grandmother is over 80 years old.我外婆80多歲了。
(3)fit在此是形容詞,意為“健康的”,相當(dāng)于healthy。
Some girls are going to exercise more to keep fit/healthy. 一些女孩們打算多鍛煉以保持健康。
Damin uses cormorants to catch fish.
該句用了“use sth to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“使用某物做某事”。cormorants是可數(shù)名詞cormorant的復(fù)數(shù)形式,意為“鸕鶿”。不定式短語(yǔ)to catch fish作目的狀語(yǔ)。use sth to do sth可與use sth for doing sth互換(for引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)表示目的)。
I use this knife to cut up all the apples.
=I use this knife for cutting up all the apples.
我用這把刀削所有的蘋果。
知識(shí)拓展:use sth to do sth的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是be used to do sth,表示“被用來(lái)做某事”。
This knife is used to cut up all the apples by me.這把刀被我用來(lái)削所有的蘋果。
Cormorants are large black birds.
large是描述“大小”的形容詞,必須放在描述顏色的形容詞之前。
重要提示:限定詞、數(shù)詞和形容詞共同修飾名詞時(shí)所遵循的規(guī)律是:限定詞(冠詞、指示代詞、人稱代詞所有格、名詞所有格)+數(shù)詞+描繪性形容詞+大小+形狀+新舊年齡+顏色+國(guó)籍(產(chǎn)地)+材料(用途)
a nice long new black British plastic pen一支漂亮的長(zhǎng)的新的黑色的英國(guó)塑料鋼筆
three red books三本紅色的書(shū)
the second new book第二本新書(shū)
4.They can dive down and stay under the water for up to two minutes.
(1)dive down是“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”類型的短語(yǔ),意為“潛下去”,其后不能直接接賓語(yǔ)。
Put on that wetsuit and dive down into the coral reef.
穿上潛水服,潛到珊瑚礁里去吧。
(2)for up to two minutes是for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。for在此意為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)...之久”,引導(dǎo)延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)常要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞。
I stay here for three hours.我在這里呆3小時(shí)。
重要提示:在以下兩種情況中,短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句中也可與for+時(shí)間段連用。
表示去向的短暫性動(dòng)詞,諸如go, come, start, leave 等,可與for+時(shí)間段連用。此時(shí)for短語(yǔ)表示該動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作完成后再做某事所需要的時(shí)間。
Alice has left for Paris for three months .
= Alice has left for Paris , intending to stay there for three months.
愛(ài)麗絲出發(fā)去了巴黎,打算在那里呆3個(gè)月。
短暫性動(dòng)詞后有非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),可與表示“for+時(shí)間段”連用,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)所修飾的不是句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
He began to read English for over an hour.
他開(kāi)始讀英語(yǔ)一個(gè)多小時(shí)了。( for over an hour 修飾 to read.)
(3)up to是固定短語(yǔ),在此意為“達(dá)到(某數(shù)量)”。
China’ s population is up to 1.3 billion.中國(guó)的人口達(dá)到了13億。
知識(shí)拓展:up to和be動(dòng)詞連用還可意為“忙于;取決于;勝任”。
I see what you are up to.我知道你在動(dòng)什么歪腦筋了。
She is not up to the job.她不勝任那個(gè)工作。
It’s up to us to give him all our support.我們應(yīng)該全力支持他。
5.Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.
(1)sets off在此是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(sets是set的三單形式),意為“出發(fā)”。表示“出發(fā)前往某地”,用“set off for+地點(diǎn)”結(jié)構(gòu)。
I set off for Beijing.我出發(fā)前往北京。
gets the cormorants ready用的是gets sth. ready for sth結(jié)構(gòu)(gets是get的三單形式),表示“為......準(zhǔn)備好......”。
Let’s get ready everything for the class meeting.
讓我們?yōu)榘鄷?huì)準(zhǔn)備好一切吧。
First,he ties a piece of grass around their necks to stop them from eating big fish.
ties a piece of grass around their necks用的是“ties sth around sth”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“圍著...系...”:
ties是及物動(dòng)詞tie的三單形式,意為“系”。
around是介詞,意為“在...周圍”,可與round互換,引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。
I tie a rope around/round these trees.我圍著這些樹(shù)系繩子。
to stop them from eating big fish是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作目的狀語(yǔ)。
stop them from eating big fish用的是stop...from+動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu),表示“阻止...以免做某事”。from是介詞,此時(shí)可以省略。
Don’t stop me (from) telling the truth.別阻止我說(shuō)出真相。
7.Then when Damin’ s boat reaches the right place in the river
reach在此作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“到達(dá)”,要接地點(diǎn)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
I reached Guangzhou yesterday.我昨天到達(dá)廣州。
Damin uses several ways to attract fish.
attract在此作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“吸引”,常指引起人或動(dòng)物的興趣或注意。
The display of lights attracts us.燈展吸引了我們。
Flowers attract many bees.鮮花招引來(lái)許多蜜蜂。
知識(shí)拓展:attract對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞是attraction,意為“吸引力”,是可數(shù)名詞。對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞是attractive,意為“有吸引力的”。
Coral reefs are big tourist attractions.珊瑚礁是極富吸引力的旅游景點(diǎn)。
Attractive label is very necessary.具有吸引力的標(biāo)簽非常必要。
9.he jumps up and down on his boat
up and down是副詞短語(yǔ),意為“上上下下”,修飾謂語(yǔ)jumps。
He looks at the girl up and down.他上下打量著這個(gè)姑娘。
10.he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat
(1)hangs是hang的三單形式,在此作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“懸掛”。
Someone hangs three lights there.有人在那里掛了三盞燈。
on a post at the front of the boat是兩個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。其中:
on a post作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。on表示“在...上”。
2)at the front of the boat是at the front of引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ),作后置定語(yǔ)修飾post。at the front of表示“在...前面”,指在某范圍以內(nèi),側(cè)重表示在前面的某一點(diǎn)。
There is a man boating at the front of the boat.船的前部有一個(gè)人在劃船。
The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.
這是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),由“are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成+by引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成,表示“......被......”,其中:
taken是及物動(dòng)詞take的過(guò)去分詞;thrown是及物動(dòng)詞throw的過(guò)去分詞。
by Damin說(shuō)明“take”和“throw”是大民做的動(dòng)作。
These trees are planted by Linda.這些樹(shù)是琳達(dá)種的。
No nets are required for this type of fishing.
no意為“沒(méi)有”,修飾nets,表示完全否定。no表示完全否定時(shí)可修飾名詞和代詞one。
No students like the movie. 學(xué)生都不喜歡這部電影。
No one can do it. 這事誰(shuí)也干不了。
(2)are required是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)(required是及物動(dòng)詞require的過(guò)去分詞),表示“被需要”。
知識(shí)歸納:require作及物動(dòng)詞意為“需要”,與及物動(dòng)詞need是同義詞,其常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下
(1)require+名詞或代詞。
This suggestion requires careful thought.這個(gè)建議需要慎重考慮。
(2)require doing sth可與require to be done互換,表示“某事需要被做”(require+動(dòng)名詞是主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)概念)。
The room requires cleaning.
=The room requires to be cleaned.這個(gè)房間需要打掃。(cleaned是clean的過(guò)去分詞)
require sb to do sth表示“需要某人做某事”(不定式部分是作賓補(bǔ),是sb發(fā)出的動(dòng)作),對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是be required to do sth,表示“被需要做某事”。
I require him to go shopping.
=He is required to go shopping by me.我需要他去購(gòu)物。
知識(shí)拓展:require、need、want都可接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語(yǔ)。接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)可與to be+done互換。
The child wants praising.
=The child wants to be praised.這個(gè)孩子想要被表?yè)P(yáng)。
My nail needs trimming.
=My nail needs to be trimmed.我的指甲要剪了。
13.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China
was once practised是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),由“was+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,其中:
once是副詞,在此意為“從前”。
practised是practise的過(guò)去分詞,在此意為“從事;實(shí)行”。practise是英式英語(yǔ),對(duì)應(yīng)的美式英語(yǔ)是practice。
Circular economy was practised/practiced all over the country.
循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)在全國(guó)推行。
14.But today,few young people are interested in it.
few意為“幾乎沒(méi)有”,要修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示否定概念。它修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Few students like the movie.幾乎沒(méi)有學(xué)生喜歡這部電影。
知識(shí)回顧:a few意為“有幾個(gè)”,要修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示肯定概念。它修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
A few students like the movie.有幾個(gè)學(xué)生喜歡這部電影。
15.In 50 years,perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world.
(1)in 50 years是“in +時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu),與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,表示“在...以后”。
My father will come back in half an hour.我爸爸半小時(shí)后回來(lái)。
知識(shí)歸納:“in+時(shí)間段”的用法
1)“in +時(shí)間段”可用于含有將來(lái)意義的句子中,表示“在...之后”。對(duì)它提問(wèn)用how soon。
He is coming here in an hour.他1小時(shí)后會(huì)來(lái)這里。
How soon is he coming here?他多久后到這里來(lái)?
2)“in+時(shí)間段”還可意為“在...以內(nèi)”,不與將來(lái)時(shí)連用。
They hope to finish the draft in a week.他們希望在一周內(nèi)完成該草案。
結(jié)構(gòu)辨析:“in+時(shí)間段”和“after+時(shí)間段”表“在...之后”的區(qū)別
after與時(shí)間段連用時(shí),表示以過(guò)去時(shí)間為起點(diǎn)的一段時(shí)間以后,常與過(guò)去時(shí)連用。
He came back after three days. 3天后他回來(lái)了。
(2)perhaps是副詞,意為“可能”,放在句首和句中均可,表示推測(cè),可與maybe互換。
Perhaps/Maybe this is only my imagination.
也許這只是我的想象。
there will be...world是there be句型的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),由“there will be+名詞+地點(diǎn)”構(gòu)成,表示“......將有......”。
There will be a concert next week.下周將有一場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。
(4)no more意為“不再”,要置于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后或be動(dòng)詞前。它作定語(yǔ)修飾cormorant fishermen,強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量不再增加。
There is no more gravity there. 那里不再有地球引力。
用法拓展:no more表示“不再”的其它用法
1)強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量不再增加時(shí)還可作賓語(yǔ)。
I have no more to say. 我沒(méi)有什么要說(shuō)的了。
2)強(qiáng)調(diào)程度上不再增加時(shí)常置于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之后,可與not......any more互換。
You can smoke no more.
= You can't smoke any more. 你不能再抽煙了。
語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)睛
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種構(gòu)成方式:
(1)am / is / are going to be done
(2)will be done
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由“am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞的形式取決于主語(yǔ),表示“...被做。”
句型:
肯定句:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+(by+名詞/代詞).
I am criticized by him.我遭到他批評(píng)。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+am/is/are not+過(guò)去分詞+(by+名詞/代詞).
He is not asked questions by the teacher.他沒(méi)被老師問(wèn)問(wèn)題。
一般疑問(wèn)句:Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+(by+名詞/代詞)?
Are these computers made in the UK?這些計(jì)算機(jī)是在英國(guó)制造的嗎?
特殊疑問(wèn)詞:疑問(wèn)詞+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞+(by+名詞/代詞)?
When are these computers made in the UK?這些計(jì)算機(jī)是什么時(shí)候在英國(guó)制造的?
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
記憶口訣:賓變主,主變賓,by短語(yǔ)后面跟。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),be后“過(guò)分”來(lái)使用。
1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要變成“by+主語(yǔ)(代詞用賓格)”;主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要變?yōu)閍m/is/are+該動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(be動(dòng)詞的形式取決于主語(yǔ));主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)要變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
We use a recorder in our English class.我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)課上用錄音機(jī)。
A recorder is used in our English class by us.錄音機(jī)在英語(yǔ)課上被我們使用。
He asks us to clean the room.他要求我們打掃房間。
We are asked to clean the room by him.我們被他要求打掃教室。
2)英語(yǔ)中有些及物動(dòng)詞,諸如give和teach等,可接雙賓語(yǔ)。把含有這些詞的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)既可用人作主語(yǔ),又可用事物作主語(yǔ)。
Tom gives me a book.=Tom gives a book to me.湯姆給了我一本書(shū)。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為:A book is given to me by Tom.
I am given a book by Tom.
3)使役動(dòng)詞、表示“感覺(jué);看到;聽(tīng)到”的及物動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后要加上不定式符號(hào)“to”。
主動(dòng):I make him cry.我把他弄哭了。
被動(dòng):He is made to cry.他被我弄哭了。
重要提示:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)
如果不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是由誰(shuí)做的,可省略by+名詞/代詞。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示“被...”,可結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境翻譯為“受到;遭受、得到”等等。
不及物動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。
(4)大部分及物動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)都可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但以下動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)除外。
動(dòng)詞:fit(適合)have(有)own(擁有)marry(娶;嫁), wish(希望), cost(花費(fèi))、hold(容納)、lack(缺乏)、equal(等于)、catch/get/take(表示“明白”)
短語(yǔ):shake hands with(握手)take part in(參加)
(5)不接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),諸如break out(爆發(fā)),sell well(暢銷),come out(出版)、come true(成真)、take place(發(fā)生)等等,沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
(6)不及物動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)時(shí)通常可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但arrive in/at(到達(dá))、get to、belong to(屬于)、happen to(碰巧發(fā)生)除外。
Her grandmother is looked after by her.她的奶奶得到她的照顧。
當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞接的賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞時(shí),該動(dòng)詞也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
I find myself in the park.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己在公園里。
2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由“was/were+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,was和were由主語(yǔ)的形式?jīng)Q定,表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的時(shí)間里被做。
句型
1)肯定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它+(by+名詞/代詞).
I was beaten.我被打敗了。
2)否定句:主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它+(by+名詞/代詞).
This speech was not delivered by me.這個(gè)演講不是由我發(fā)表的。
3)一般疑問(wèn)句:Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它+(by+名詞/代詞)
Were the songs composed by a soldier 這些歌是由一名士兵創(chuàng)作的嗎
4)特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+其它+(by+名詞/代詞)?
Who was beaten?誰(shuí)被打敗了?
(3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)要變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by+主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)(人稱代詞變賓格)。
2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要用was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。
3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)要變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
That man killed a lady in the morning.那個(gè)男人早上殺了一名女士。
A lady was killed by that man in the morning.一位女士早上被那個(gè)男人殺了。
3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種結(jié)構(gòu):
1)am / is / are going to be done (be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)決定),表示“打算被做...”。
2)will be done表示“將要被做...”,will無(wú)人稱限制。
(2)句型
1)上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式都是在be動(dòng)詞和will后加not。
2)一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)是把be動(dòng)詞和will置于句首。
3)特殊疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問(wèn)詞+ be +主語(yǔ)+ going to be + 過(guò)去分詞+(其它)?”和“疑問(wèn)詞 + will +主語(yǔ)+ be + 過(guò)去分詞+(其它)?”
(3)用法
1)表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作。
Is this work going to be done in a minute?這項(xiàng)工作將立即完成嗎?
Those books won’t be published next week.那些書(shū)下周出版不了。
When will that patient be operated on?那位病人何時(shí)要被實(shí)施手術(shù)?
2)表示有固定性條件就有規(guī)律性被動(dòng)結(jié)果。
Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam. 加熱到100度時(shí),水將會(huì)變成蒸汽。
(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要轉(zhuǎn)換為“by +主語(yǔ)(代詞用賓格)”結(jié)構(gòu)。
2)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要用be going to / will be +“該動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”。
3)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)要變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
They will make some parts of the car in that factory. 他們將在那家工廠里制造車的一些配件。
Some parts of the car will be made in that factory by them.車的一些零件將在那家工廠里被他們制造。
Speaking
口語(yǔ)表達(dá)歸納:
一.描述某人特征的句型
描述某人年輕、中年、年老,用句型Sb+be動(dòng)詞+young/middle-aged/old.(be動(dòng)詞的形式由主語(yǔ)決定)
描述某人身材胖、魁梧、瘦,用句型sb+be動(dòng)詞+heavy/big/thin.(胖也可用fat表示;瘦也可用slim表示)
描述某人高、矮,用句型Sb+be動(dòng)詞+tall/short.
描述某人留著長(zhǎng)發(fā),戴眼鏡的句型是:
Sb have/has......hair.(hair前有表示“長(zhǎng)短、顏色;曲直”的形容詞時(shí),遵循先說(shuō)“長(zhǎng)短”,然后說(shuō)“曲直”,最后說(shuō)“顏色”的順序)
sb wear/wears glasses.
口語(yǔ)示例
My mother is middle-aged.She is tall and slim.She has long curly black hair.She wears glasses.
我媽媽是中年人。她很高而且很瘦。她留著長(zhǎng)的黑色的卷發(fā)。她戴眼鏡。
Writing部分
寫(xiě)作技能提升:寫(xiě)一篇短文,描述一個(gè)擁有傳統(tǒng)技藝的人
短文應(yīng)包括三段話。
(1)第一段介紹這個(gè)擁有傳統(tǒng)技藝的人(介紹他/她的名字以及外貌特征)。
(2)第二段描述這個(gè)人的工作和使用工具。
(3)第三段點(diǎn)明你對(duì)這個(gè)人的看法。
寫(xiě)作技巧
正文用第一、三人稱,時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
盡量使用本單元中的詞語(yǔ)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)
句型及運(yùn)用方法
第一段:
......is......years old. ......歲。
運(yùn)用1:is之前要填人名;years之前填具體歲數(shù);同義表達(dá)是“......is at the age of......”。
He/She is......and has......hair.他/她......,留著......發(fā)。
運(yùn)用2:主語(yǔ)用he還是she由第一句的主語(yǔ)決定;is后用描述身體特征的形容詞;hair前可用描述顏色、長(zhǎng)短、曲直的形容詞。
第二段:
3.......is good at...... ......善于......。
運(yùn)用3:主語(yǔ)要和第一段首句的主語(yǔ)保持一致;is good at可與does well in互換;at/in后接動(dòng)名詞,比如paper cutting(剪紙)。
He/She has a pair of skillful hands.他/她有一雙巧手。
運(yùn)用4:這句話也可表達(dá)為“His/Her hands are skillful.他/她的手很靈巧。
He/She uses color paper and scissors to make paper cuttings.他/她使用彩色紙和剪刀制作剪紙。
運(yùn)用5:use sth to do sth可與use sth for doing sth互換,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是He/She uses color paper and scissors for making paper cuttings.
注意:由于日常生活中剪刀是成雙出現(xiàn)的物品,因此常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
運(yùn)用6:use sth to do sth是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是be used to do sth,因此這句話也可改寫(xiě)為Color paper and scissors are used to make paper cuttings by him/her.彩色紙和剪刀被他/她用來(lái)剪紙。
He/She can finish a work in a few minutes.他/她可以在幾分鐘之內(nèi)完成一份作品。
運(yùn)用7:can可與is able to互換;in表示“在...之內(nèi)”,可與within互換,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是He/She is able to finish a piece of work within a few minutes.
Also,he/she can turn color paper into different shapes,such as animals,plants and some cartoon characters.而且,他/她能將彩色紙變成不同的形狀,比如動(dòng)物、植物、一些卡通人物。
運(yùn)用8:also在此表示“而且”,可與moreover互換;turn sth into sth表示“把......變成......”,相當(dāng)于make sth become sth;such as用于舉例,可與like互換,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是Moreover,he/she can make color paper become different shapes,like animals,plants and some cartoon characters.
注意:character是可數(shù)名詞,表示“角色”,使用時(shí)勿忘要變復(fù)數(shù);如果只列舉同類人或事物例子,用such as/like/for example均可。
結(jié)尾段:
8.I think ......’s works are really fantastic .我覺(jué)得......的作品確實(shí)很棒極了。
運(yùn)用9:......’s是名詞所有格,所填名詞要和首段首句中的主語(yǔ)一致,也可換成his/her;fantastic前還可用程度副詞very、so、quite等修飾,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是I think his/her works are very fantastic.我覺(jué)得他/她的作品非常棒。
運(yùn)用10:由于這句話是點(diǎn)明自己的觀點(diǎn),也可用“as for me/as far as I’m concerned”表達(dá),因此這句話還可改寫(xiě)為:
As for me,his/her works are so fantastic.就我而言,他/她的作品太棒了。
As far as I’m concerned,his/her works are quite fantastic.依我看,他/她的作品相當(dāng)棒。
And I think that it is necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.而且我覺(jué)得將這種技巧一代代地傳下去是很有必要的。
運(yùn)用11:主語(yǔ)+think+that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(從句為it is necessary+動(dòng)詞不定式)可轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)+think it necessary+動(dòng)詞不定式(it作形式賓語(yǔ)),因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是And I think that it necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.
寫(xiě)作范文
Mr Wang is 58 years old. He is slim and has short hair.
Mr Wang is good at paper cutting.His hands are skillful.Color paper and scissors are used to make paper cuttings by him.He can finish a work in a few minutes.Also,he can turn color paper into different shapes,such as animals,plants and some cartoon characters.
I think Mr Wang’s works are really fantastic.And I think that it is necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.
More practice
1.Wang Weifang puts on a play with his friends in a small town near Xi’ an.
puts on是“及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”類型的短語(yǔ)(puts是put的三單形式),在此意為“表演”。此外它還可表示“穿上;增加”。
由于該短語(yǔ)中的on是副詞,因此接名詞時(shí)名詞放在on前后均可;接代詞時(shí)代詞要放在on之前。
We are going to put a play on soon.我們馬上要表演一個(gè)話劇。
I have put on weight.我的體重增加了。
Your shoes are here.Put them on.你的鞋子在這里。穿上它們。
2.The audience can hear them
audience在此作可數(shù)名詞,意為“觀眾”。作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果看作整體,動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù);如果看作許多個(gè)體,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),有時(shí)兩種形式都可以用。
It was late,but the audience was increasing.天晚了,但是觀眾還在增加。
The audience are dressed in a variety of ways.觀眾們穿著打扮多種多樣。
The audience was / were very excited by the show.
演出使觀眾非常激動(dòng)。
用法拓展:audience表示數(shù)量時(shí),可用于兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。
(1)an audience of +數(shù)詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù)
The talk show has an audience of 7 million TV viewers.
這個(gè)談話節(jié)目擁有700萬(wàn)電視觀眾。
(2)audiences of + 數(shù)詞 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
Audiences of about 2 billion people are watching FIFA World Cup.
大約有20億的觀眾在看足球世界杯。
3.That is because they are putting on a shadow puppet play.
這是That is+because從句結(jié)構(gòu),其中:because在此引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句的主語(yǔ)多用that/this/it。它們指代前文提到的事實(shí),而這一事實(shí)產(chǎn)生的原因和理由就是because從句,即表達(dá)“前果后因”。
I didn’t come yesterday. It is because I was ill.
我昨天沒(méi)來(lái)。這是因?yàn)槲疑×恕?br/>4.Shadow puppets are made of hard leather.
句中用了be made of短語(yǔ),表示“由...制成”(be動(dòng)詞的形式由主語(yǔ)決定),強(qiáng)調(diào)制成的物品看得出原材料。
The kite is made of paper. 風(fēng)箏是用紙做的。
知識(shí)拓展:be made of是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是make...of...。
I make the flower of plastics.我用塑料制作這朵花。
用法辨析:be made of和be made from的區(qū)別
be made from表示“由...做成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)制成的物品看不出原材料。主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)是make...from...。
Any kind of alcoholic drink which is made from grapes is called wine.
任何一種使用葡萄制成的含酒精的飲料都稱為葡萄酒。
Chinese could make paper from wood many years ago.
很多年前,中國(guó)人就能用木材造紙了。
5.The leather is cut out in the shape of person.
(1)cut out在此是cut out的過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu),意為“剪裁”。
This piece of cloth is cut out by him.這塊布被她剪了。
知識(shí)歸納:cut out是“及物動(dòng)詞+副詞”類型的短語(yǔ),意為“裁剪;刪除”,接名詞時(shí)名詞放在out前后均可;接代詞時(shí)代詞要放在out之前。
You should cut these details out .你應(yīng)當(dāng)刪除掉這些細(xì)節(jié)。
There is a piece of cloth here.Let’s cut it out.
這里有一塊布。我們裁剪它吧。
in the shape of是固定短語(yǔ),意為“以……形狀”。
The pool is in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。
Each puppet is painted in bright colours and put on a stick.
each在此作形容詞,意為“每個(gè)”,要修飾單數(shù)名詞。each修飾單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。
Two boy enters the room.Each carries a bag.兩個(gè)男孩走進(jìn)房間。每個(gè)都帶著一個(gè)書(shū)包。
7.Some puppets have movable arms and legs.
movable是不及物動(dòng)詞move+后綴able復(fù)合而成的形容詞,意為“可以移動(dòng)的”。
由于move結(jié)尾的e不發(fā)音,接able時(shí)要去掉e。
able是形容詞后綴,表示“能.....的”,放在某些不及物動(dòng)詞后將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~,含有主動(dòng)含義。
movable platform 可移動(dòng)平臺(tái)
8.The audience sit in front of the screen.
in front of意為“在...前面”,表示在參照物的“范圍之外”的前面。
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
教室的前面有一些樹(shù)。
知識(shí)回顧:in the front of意為“在…的前部”,表示在參照物的“范圍之內(nèi)”的前面。
Our teacher usually stands in the front of the classroom.我們老師通常站在教室的前面。
Now with TV and films, shadow puppet plays are not as popular as before.
not as popular as是not as+形容詞原級(jí)+as結(jié)構(gòu),表示“......不如.....”,第一個(gè)as可與so互換。
He is not so / as fat as me.
他不如我胖。
but they do not mind
mind在此作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“介意”,其后不接賓語(yǔ)。表示“對(duì)......介意”,用mind about短語(yǔ)。
Don’t mind about that. 不必對(duì)此介意。
11.They want to keep this traditional art form alive.
keep this traditional art form alive是“keep sth(賓語(yǔ))+形容詞(賓補(bǔ)),其中:
keep作使役動(dòng)詞,意為“保持”。
Please keep the classroom clean.請(qǐng)保持教室整潔。
(2)alive作形容詞,在此意為“活著的”。alive作此意時(shí)可修飾人和事物、可作表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),后置定語(yǔ)。
He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly.
他肯定活著,因?yàn)樗€在輕微地呼吸。
This is the fish alive.這是一條活魚(yú)。
The spy was caught alive.特務(wù)被活捉了。(alive作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
重要提示:alive還可表示“活潑的;有生氣的”,常不作前置定語(yǔ),但是若本身帶有修飾語(yǔ),則可以用作前置定語(yǔ)。
a really alive student 一個(gè)十分活躍的學(xué)生
a really alive town 一個(gè)十分熱鬧市鎮(zhèn)
詞語(yǔ)辨析:alive,living,live可意為“活著的”,區(qū)別如下:
1)living常作前置定語(yǔ),可修飾人或物,側(cè)重表示“活著的;有生命的”。
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present.
他被視為當(dāng)今在世的最好作家之一。
English is a living language. 英語(yǔ)是一門鮮活的語(yǔ)言。
3)live常作前置定語(yǔ),只用于描述物,側(cè)重表示“活生生的”。
Have you seen a live whale? 你看見(jiàn)過(guò)活的鯨魚(yú)嗎?
考點(diǎn)薈萃
1.考點(diǎn):考查although表“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)不能和but連用的用法。
___ my cousin is very young, _____ she can help with the housework.
A. Once; 不填 B.Though; but C. Although; 不填
解析:題干意為“____我的堂妹非常小,___她能幫助做家務(wù)。”根據(jù)句意,可判斷所缺內(nèi)容是“雖然...但是”。對(duì)比選項(xiàng),although表“盡管”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,不和but連用,符合題意,因此選C。
干擾項(xiàng)分析:once表“一旦”,though表“盡管”,不和but連用,它們不符合題意,故排除AB。
2.考點(diǎn):考查多個(gè)形容詞放在一起時(shí),要遵循“描繪性形容詞+大小+形狀+新舊年齡+顏色+國(guó)籍(產(chǎn)地)+材料(用途)”的順序的用法。
They have got such a________table.
A. round wooden brown B. round brown wooden C. brown round wooden
解析:分析題干和選項(xiàng),所填內(nèi)容修飾table,round為表形狀的形容詞,brown表顏色,wooden表材料,放在一起修飾名詞時(shí)遵循“形狀+顏色+材料”的順序,因此選B。
3.考點(diǎn):考查“set off for+地點(diǎn)”表“出發(fā)去某地”的用法。
—When are you going to_____for Shanghai
—Tomorrow morning.
A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
解析:空所在句的意思是“你打算什么時(shí)候_____去上海?”根據(jù)for Shanghai所提示的語(yǔ)境,對(duì)比選項(xiàng),set off可與for短語(yǔ)連用,表示“出發(fā)去...”,符合題意,故選D。
干擾項(xiàng)分析:get off表“下車”;turn off表“關(guān)閉”,take off表“起飛;脫下”,和題干意思矛盾,排除ABC。
4.考點(diǎn):考查stop...from表“阻止...以免做某事”,from后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞的用法。
I will try my best to stop my son from _____ the same mistake.
A.make B.made C.makes D.making
解析:由于stop...from接動(dòng)詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞要變?yōu)閯?dòng)名詞,因此選D。
5.考點(diǎn):考查require to be done可與require doing互換的用法。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
The sick lady requires to be looked after.
The sick lady requires_____ _____.(改為同義句)
解析:由于require to be done表“需要被做”,可與require doing互換,故填looking after。
6.考點(diǎn):考查want接不定式表“想要做...”,接動(dòng)名詞表“想要被...”;need接不定式表“需要做...”,接動(dòng)名詞表“需要被...”的用法。
(1)The driver wanted________his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
A. park B. parked C. to park D. parking
解析:空所在句的意思是“這位司機(jī)想要在路邊_____車”,由于want后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用不定式或動(dòng)詞ing形式,接不定式表“想要做某事”,符合題意,故選C。
(2)Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs _____.
A. to recycle B. recycling C. recycle
解析:題干意為“不要亂扔廢紙。它需要_____。分析題干,it指代前句中的 the waste paper;need在此用的是三單形式的needs,可知用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞;又根據(jù)句意,可判斷要用need doing結(jié)構(gòu),表示“需要被”,因此選B。
小貼士:recycle在此作不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“重復(fù)利用”。
7.考點(diǎn):考查how soon表“多久之后”,對(duì)“in+時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)的用法。
-_____will the invitations be sent to our guests
—In three days.
A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far
解析:分析題干和選項(xiàng),句中時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí),答語(yǔ)為“in+時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)它提問(wèn)要用how soon,因此選B。
8.考點(diǎn):考查“in+時(shí)間段”可與將來(lái)時(shí)連用,表“在...以后”;“after+時(shí)間段”表“在...之后”,與過(guò)去時(shí)連用的區(qū)別。
Tom will visit our farm ______ two weeks.
A. in B. after C. at
解析:題干意為“湯姆兩周____要參觀我們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。”由于題干用的時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí),two weeks是時(shí)間段,因此選A。
干擾項(xiàng)分析:after接時(shí)間段要與過(guò)去時(shí)連用,at接時(shí)間點(diǎn),故排除BC。
9.考點(diǎn):考查will與there be句型連用時(shí)要用“There will be+名詞”句型的用法。
We_______some robots at home in the future, and there_____some in the office, too.
A. will have; will have B. have; will be C. will have; will be D. will have; are
解析:and連接兩個(gè)并列分句,第一個(gè)分句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是in the future,謂語(yǔ)要用一般將來(lái)時(shí);第二個(gè)分句中的結(jié)尾too表示“也”,可知該句也要用一般將來(lái)時(shí);又由于第二個(gè)分句是there be句型,要用there will be,故選C。
10.考點(diǎn):考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由“am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)決定。
(1)When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.
A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given
解析:題干意為“你____一份很難的任務(wù)時(shí),盡力繼續(xù)做并完成它。”根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng),可判斷是“你”給予任務(wù),要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),因此選D。
(2)To our surprise, the walls of the new bookstore ____books.
A. are lined with B. is lined with C. have lined with
解析:題干意為“令我們吃驚的是,這個(gè)新書(shū)店的墻_____書(shū)。”分析題干和選項(xiàng),主語(yǔ)the walls是復(fù)數(shù),無(wú)法發(fā)出動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)(be用are),因此選A。
(3)—During the APEC summit(峰會(huì)),Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear.
—It_____APEC blue.But too bad it no longer stays that way.
A.is called B.are called C.called D.calls
解析:題干意為“—在APEC峰會(huì)期間,北京的天空如此湛藍(lán)。—它____APEC藍(lán)。但很糟的是它不再保持那樣了。”分析題干和選項(xiàng),it是單數(shù)代詞,無(wú)法發(fā)出call這個(gè)動(dòng)作,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)is called,因此選A。
(4)Everyone in our class _______ to take part in the English Speech Contest.
A. is encouraged B. encourages C. are encouraging D. are encouraged
解析:題干意為“我們班上的每個(gè)人_____參加英語(yǔ)演講比賽。”分析題干和選項(xiàng),everyone作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式;又根據(jù)句意,可判斷要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(被鼓勵(lì)),因此選A。
(5)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成單詞。
The more children are______(鼓勵(lì)), the more progress they will make.
解析:題干意為“孩子們?cè)絖____,他們將取得更大進(jìn)步。”根據(jù)句意,可判斷分號(hào)前的句子應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)“are+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”;“鼓勵(lì)”的過(guò)去分詞是encouraged,因此為encouraged。
(6)用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
Tell me the website at once. I will buy one before they_____(sell) out.
解析:題干意為“立刻告訴我網(wǎng)站。我將在它們____之前買一個(gè)。”根據(jù)句意,可判斷這里要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);又由于before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),故要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);又由于主語(yǔ)they是復(fù)數(shù),因此填are sold。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
Millie feeds her pet dog three times a day.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Millie’s pet dog _______ ________ by Millie three times a day.
解析:分析題干,句中時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),可判斷要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu);又由于主語(yǔ)Millie’s pet dog是單數(shù)名詞,feed的過(guò)去分詞是fed,故填is fed。
11.考點(diǎn):考查把make sb do sth變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要用be made to do sth(be動(dòng)詞的形式由主語(yǔ)決定,不定式符號(hào)to不能省)的用法。
The students in this school are made____school uniforms on Monday.
A.to wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn
解析:分析題干結(jié)構(gòu),make在此作使役動(dòng)詞,be made后必須用不定式,因此選A。
12.考點(diǎn):考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)由“was/were+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)決定的用法。
(1)—Did Jack come to our party yesterday
—No, he _______
A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited
解析:題干意為“—昨天杰克來(lái)參加我們的聚會(huì)了嗎?—沒(méi)有,他沒(méi)被____。”分析題干和選項(xiàng),由于第一句詢問(wèn)的是過(guò)去的事情,因此答語(yǔ)要用一般過(guò)去時(shí);又結(jié)合句意可判斷杰克沒(méi)被邀請(qǐng),要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu),因此選B。
(2)—Who’s the little girl in the photo
—It’s me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
解析:分析題干和選項(xiàng),主語(yǔ)the photo無(wú)法發(fā)出動(dòng)作,ago是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞,要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),因此選D。
(3)Many houses______by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
解析:題干意為“很多房子被地震____了,而且數(shù)以千計(jì)的人無(wú)家可歸。”結(jié)合句意和選項(xiàng),and連接的兩個(gè)分句是順承關(guān)系,可判斷空所在句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí);又由于房子是被破壞,應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),因此選B。
(4)(2015年廣東省茂名市中考題)
Mr Zhang and his wife_____to the party last Sunday.
invited B.was invited C.were invited
解析:題干意為“上周日張先生和他妻子_____去參加聚會(huì)。”分析題干和選項(xiàng),主語(yǔ)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;又結(jié)合句意,可判斷要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),表示“被邀請(qǐng)”,因此選C。
(5)用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
Mo Yan, a Chinese writer____(honor) with the Nobel Prize last year.
解析:題干意為“莫言,一位中國(guó)作家,去年_____諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。(給以榮譽(yù))”根據(jù)句意,可判斷這里指被給以榮譽(yù),要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu);又由于“l(fā)ast year”是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu);主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),故填was honored。
(6)句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
Though the earthquake destroyed many houses,people didn’t lose hope.
Though many houses_____ ____by the earthquake,people didn’t lose hope.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))解析:分析題干,時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí),though引導(dǎo)的從句部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是destroy;把該從句變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),主語(yǔ)是many houses,謂語(yǔ)要用were destroyed,因此填were destroyed。
(7)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出單詞。
It’s reported that Shen Jian,director of the Provincial Education Department of Jiangsu,was___(采訪)by 11 primary school students about some present issues.
解析:本題用了“was+所填詞+by短語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu),這是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),所填詞要用過(guò)去分詞,因此填interviewed。
13.考點(diǎn):考查一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為will be+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞的用法。
I wonder when Subway Ⅱ in Harbin_______. When the day comes, I' ll spend less time
going to school every day.
is finish B. will be finished C. was finished
解析:題干意為“我想知道哈爾濱地鐵二號(hào)線______。當(dāng)這天來(lái)臨時(shí),我每天將花更少的時(shí)間去上學(xué)。”根據(jù)句意和選項(xiàng),可推斷地鐵二號(hào)線這還沒(méi)完成,應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),因此選B。
14.考點(diǎn):考查be made of表“由...制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)制成的物品看得出原材料;be made from表“由...制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)制成的物品看不出原材料的區(qū)別。
—This kind of wine smells good.
—Yes, it's _____ grapes.
A.made of B.made in C.made by D.made from
解析:題干意為“—這種種類的葡萄酒聞起來(lái)很香。—是的,它是用葡萄_____。”由于葡萄可用于釀造葡萄酒,但從葡萄酒本身無(wú)法得知它的原材料是葡萄,對(duì)比選項(xiàng),可知本題應(yīng)填表“用...制造(看不出原材料)”的短語(yǔ)be made from,因此選D。
干擾項(xiàng)分析:be made of表“由...制造(看得出原材料)”,be made in表“在...制造”,其后接地點(diǎn),be made by表“被...制造”,by接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,和題干矛盾,故排除ABC。
—What a nice dress!Is it made____silk?
—Yes.I bought it in Hangzhou.
in B.by C.of
解析:題干意為“多么好的一件連衣裙啊!它是____絲綢制造的嗎?—是的。我在杭州買的。”根據(jù)句意,可判斷要用be made of短語(yǔ),表示“由...制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)制成的物品看得出原材料,因此選C。
單元考點(diǎn)跟蹤訓(xùn)練
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Everyday, much water _______ in our school. We should save it.
A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted
2.Some new hospitals _______ in my town next year.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
3.The terrorists (恐怖分子) in Xinjiang ______ last year.
A. are caught B. was caught C. were caught D. is caught
4.He is surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white.
A. paint B. painted C. are painting D. are painted
5.—Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.
—Oh, I _______ to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
6.Although it was dangerous for her to give the 3/4 liver(肝臟) to the poor girl,______Lin Ping still did it finally.
A. but B. or C. so D. /
7.—When are you going to_____for Shenyang
—Tomorrow.
A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
8.The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand____to the rich land in the south of China.
A. move B. to move C. moving D.moved
9.Who is sitting ___ you in the cinema
A.in front B.in the front C.in front of D.in the front of
10.Can you finish the task ___ two days
A.since B about C in D after
II.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示寫(xiě)出單詞(必要時(shí)改變?cè)~語(yǔ)的形式)
Disney is famous for Micky Mouse and other cartoon_____.(角色)
When will they____Beijing?(到達(dá))
I think Mary will get here after____.(天黑)
There are several_____here.(漁民)
I have a pair of_____.(剪刀)
III.用所給單詞的正確形式填空
These plants requires______.(water)
Three bridge _______ over the river two years ago.(build)
Keep quiet! Talking _______ during the meeting.(not;allow)
Hawking has written a book, where he has_____blackholes in the universe.(description)
—I am afraid that I can’t finish the work successfully.
—Don’t worry. You will______ plenty of time to do it.(give)
IV.選詞填空
all attract no up ready
I can_____their attention.
I can take____to four people in my car.
I don't know what he is thinking____the time.
Let’s get____everything for the meeting.
You can drink____more.
V.句型轉(zhuǎn)換
This bike was repaired by the girl in the morning.(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
_________________________________________
He asked me to go home early.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
__________________________
Linda buys a beautiful coat today.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
__________________________
The road will be built by the government next month.(改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
_____________________________________________
Lucy and Lily will return home in two hours.(對(duì)畫(huà)線部分提問(wèn))
_____________________________________
參考答案
I.單項(xiàng)選擇
ADCDD DDCCC
II部分1.characters 2.reach 3.dark 4.fishermen 5.scissors
III部分1.watering 2.were built 3.isn’t/is not allowed 4.described 5.be given
IV部分1.attract 2.up 3.all 4.ready 5.no
V部分 1.The girl repaired this bike in the morning.
2.I was asked to go home early.
3.A beautiful coat is bought by Linda today.
4.The government will build the road next month.
5.How soon will Lucy and Lily return home?

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