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Unit 8 Life in the future 講義(含答案)2024-2025學(xué)年滬教牛津版(廣州深圳沈陽通用)八年級英語下冊

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Unit 8 Life in the future 講義(含答案)2024-2025學(xué)年滬教牛津版(廣州深圳沈陽通用)八年級英語下冊

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Unit 8課文重難點解析
基礎(chǔ)知識定位
單詞 Internet n.互聯(lián)網(wǎng);post n.(發(fā)在網(wǎng)上的)帖子;apology n.道歉;excuse n.借口;past n.過去;present n.目前;wide adj.寬的;shape n.形狀;cafe n.咖啡館;小餐廳;recently adv.最近;forever adv.永遠(yuǎn);certainly adv.當(dāng)然;satisfy v.使?jié)M意;mix v.(使)混合;electronic adj.電子的;relax v.放松;休息;while conj.當(dāng)......的時候;technology n.科技;software n.軟件;prepare v.使(自己)有準(zhǔn)備
短語 in the present現(xiàn)在;at the front在前面;on the Internet在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上;in the shape of......的形狀;mix...with...(使...與...)相混合;prepare for準(zhǔn)備;in a second片刻
口語表達(dá) 學(xué)會作出道歉并給予理由 談?wù)撘淮卧虑蛑?br/>寫作 寫一篇關(guān)于過去和現(xiàn)在生活的網(wǎng)絡(luò)帖子
語法 過去進行時
Reading
1.Your fridge can order food for you.
句中用了order sth. for sb.結(jié)構(gòu),表示“為某人訂某物”:
order在此是及物動詞,意為“訂購”。
該結(jié)構(gòu)可與order sb sth互換。
I order a meal for them.
= I order them a meal.我給他們訂了一頓飯。
知識拓展:order也可作可數(shù)名詞,表示“定購;(點)菜”。
We have placed an order for new mobile phones.我們已定購了新手機。
Can I take your order now 我可以為您點菜了嗎?
詞語辨析:book、order、reserve作及物動詞時都含有“訂購”之意,區(qū)別如下:
(1)order指書面下定單,較正式。此外,在就餐時的“點酒;點菜”也用order。
I order a beer and a sandwich .我要了一杯啤酒,一個三明治。
(2)book意為“預(yù)訂”,通常指向旅館預(yù)定房間、向飯店預(yù)定席位、預(yù)訂車票。
Could I book a air ticket to shanghai 我可以預(yù)訂一張去上海的飛機票嗎?
reserve 作“預(yù)定”時,等同于book。
I booked/reserved two tickets for you yesterday.我昨天給你們定了兩張票。
2.Some people are writing about hotels,houses and cars on the Internet.
on the Internet是固定短語,意為“在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上”。on在此作介詞,意為“在......上”,要與表示無線電器材的詞語連用,比如TV,radio,phone,Internet等等。
Chatting on the Internet is interesting.在網(wǎng)上聊天很有趣。
Mary talks and talks on the phone.瑪麗不停地煲電話粥。
When we were staying at the hotel recently,my children watched the fish outside their bedroom window.
When we......recently是when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,置于主句my children......window之前,用逗號將其與主句隔開。
when在此意為“當(dāng)......時候”,引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句也可放在主句后,不用逗號將它們隔開;此時主句用了一般過去時,從句用了過去進行時。
由于從句謂語stay是延續(xù)性動詞,此時when可與while互換。
When/While I was doing my homework,my uncle listened to the radio.
我在做家庭作業(yè)時,我叔叔在聽收音機。
recently是副詞,意為“目前”,作時間狀語。它可用在多種時態(tài),比如過去時、進行時、完成時等等。
He is hammering at his studies recently. 他最近正在刻苦鉆研他的學(xué)業(yè)。
Recently they have laid an underground pipeline. 他們最近鋪了一條地下管道。
I recently moved to another city. 我最近搬到了另一個城市。
知識歸納:when意為“當(dāng)...的時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,用法如下
(1)when既可指時間點,也可指時間段。
(2)從句謂語可在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生。
(3)從句謂語使用短暫性動詞、延續(xù)性動詞、表示狀態(tài)的動詞均可。
小貼士:延續(xù)性動詞表示動作可延續(xù);短暫性動詞表示動作瞬間就完成;狀態(tài)動詞描述狀態(tài),比如be動詞、連系動詞等等)
(4)時態(tài)
1)主從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(主句可為祈使句)
What do you want to be when you grow up?長大后你想要當(dāng)什么?
Please call me when you come back.你回來時請給我打電話。
2)主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
What will you do when you grow up?長大后你要做什么?
3)主從句都用一般過去時。
When I was five,I could swim.我5歲時會游泳。
4)主句用過去進行時,從句用一般過去時。
When she made a phone call,I was writing a letter.她打電話時我正在寫信。
5)主句用一般過去時,從句用過去完成時(had+過去分詞),強調(diào)從句謂語動作先發(fā)生。
When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會兒。
句型拓展:It +be動詞+時間點+when從句表示“當(dāng)...的時候時間是...”(主從句時態(tài)常保持一致)。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 他來的時候是5點。
知識拓展:when還可作并列連詞,意為“(突然)這時”,用于連接兩個并列分句。前一個分句是when引導(dǎo)的分句所發(fā)生的背景,when引導(dǎo)的分句表示一種突然、意想不到的情況。此時常用逗號將兩個分句隔開。
I was thinking of this,when I heard my name called.
我正想著這件事,突然聽到有人叫我的名字。
4.They were never bored!
bored是形容詞,意為“感到厭煩的”,常作表語和補足語描述“人”的狀態(tài)。
I’m bored with this job. 我對這件工作感到厭煩了
What you do makes him bored.你的所作所為使他感到厭煩。
知識拓展:boring也可作形容詞,意為“令人厭煩的;無聊的”,可作表語、定語,既可描述人,又可描述事物。
The movie is boring.這部電影真沒勁。
He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.
他是個無聊的人,既不愛娛樂,也不愛讀書。
5.Heat is held under the glass and is then used as energy for each house.
句中用了be used as結(jié)構(gòu),表示“被用作……”:
be動詞的形式由主語決定。
該短語后常接名詞。
Pens are used as a weapon for struggling by some writers.
筆在一些作家手中被用作斗爭的武器。
結(jié)構(gòu)拓展:be used for表示“被用來做……”。
be動詞的形式由主語決定;其后可接名詞和動名詞。
for引導(dǎo)的短語說明用途。
Pens are used for writing. 鋼筆是用來寫字的。
6.your medicine cupboard is connected to your doctor’s computer
句中用了be connected to短語,表示“與……相連”,表示一方主動和另一方連接。
It is connected to every part of the body by nerves.它由神經(jīng)與身體各部分相連。
知識拓展:be connected with表示“與......相連”時指兩者互相連接,還可表示“與......有關(guān)”。
He is connected with the murder.那件謀殺案和他有關(guān)。
Wuchang is connected with Hanyang by the Yangtze Bridge.
長江大橋把武昌和漢陽連接起來了。
when you need more food
more表示“更多的”,可修飾不可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。
You will have more friends in the future.將來你會有更多的朋友。
I think there will be more pollution.我認(rèn)為將有更多污染。
8.I would certainly recommend Forever Green Houses to my friends.
(1)certainly是程度副詞,意為“當(dāng)然”,要用在be動詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞之后,行為動詞之前。
He certainly feels better today. 他今天肯定好了一些。
知識拓展:certainly還常用在口語中,表示肯定回答,相當(dāng)于sure/of course。
—Can I borrow these magazines today 我能借這些雜志嗎
—Yes, certainly./of course./ Sure.當(dāng)然可以。
recommend...my friends用的是recommend sth. to sb.結(jié)構(gòu),表示“把某物推薦給某人”。1)recommend在此作及物動詞,意為“推薦”。
2)該結(jié)構(gòu)可以與recommend sb. sth.互換。
I recommend this book to him
= I recommend him this book.我把這本書推薦給他。
知識拓展:recommend作及物動詞時還可以意為“建議”,可接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語,接不定式作賓補;接that引導(dǎo)到的賓語從句時,從句用should +動詞原形(should可以省略)。
He recommended Spain for our next holiday.他建議我們下一個假期去西班牙。
He recommended us to buy new tyres.他建議我們買新輪胎。
I recommend buying this dictionary.我建議買這本詞典。
He recommended that I(should)buy new tyres.他建議我買新輪胎。
9.They will satisfy everyone.
satisfy在此作及物動詞,意為“滿足;使?jié)M意”,指完全達(dá)到預(yù)定的條件、要求、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或期望、心愿等。
This kind of programme always satisfied the public.這類節(jié)目總能令大眾滿意。
詞語辨析:meet和satisfy都可作及物動詞,含有“滿足”之意,區(qū)別在于meet指最低限度地達(dá)到預(yù)期的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),或強調(diào)要達(dá)到這個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的困難。
Will there be sufficient stocks to meet our demand
有足夠的存貨滿足我們的需求嗎
知識拓展:satisfy的名詞是satisfaction,意為“滿足;滿意”。
life satisfaction 生活滿意
10.The hydrogen in the car is mixed with oxygen from the air to make electricity for the car.
句中用了be mixed with短語,表示“與......混合在一起”。
該短語的主語通常是事物。
with后要接表示“事物”的詞作賓語。
The food does not have to be mixed with water, which in many countries may be dirty.
在一些衛(wèi)生狀況惡劣的國家,這種食品不需要與水混合就可以食用。
It shouldn’t be mixed with politics.它不應(yīng)與政治混為一談。
知識拓展:mix...with...表示“把...和...混合在一起”。
Don’t mix vitriol with water.
不要把鹽酸和水混合在一起。
11.You tell the computer where you want to go.
where you want to go是連接副詞where引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作tell的直接賓語。
where意為“哪里”,引導(dǎo)賓語從句時從句要用陳述語序。
where在該賓語從句中作地點狀語。
I wonder where he bought this cup.我想知道他在哪里買的這個杯子。
注意:where引導(dǎo)賓語從句時還可在從句中作表語。
Can you tell me where she is?你能告訴我她在哪里嗎?
12.Then you sit back and relax as the car takes you there.
(1)Then you sit back and relax是主句。relax在此作不及物動詞,意為“放松;休息”。
He told me to relax a few days before going back to work.
他告訴我在返回工作崗位之前先歇幾天。
知識拓展:relax還可作及物動詞,意為“放松;使放松;放寬”。
Relax your muscles before starting to run.起跑前應(yīng)將肌肉放松。
The regulations are to be relaxed in the near future.
這些規(guī)章在近期內(nèi)即將放寬。
I need a cup of tea to relax myself.
我需要喝杯茶使自己輕松一下。
as the car takes you there是as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。as在此意為“當(dāng)......的時候”。
知識歸納:as表示“當(dāng)......的時候”的用法
(1)as可指時間段,也可指時間點。
(2)從句謂語通常具有動作意義(延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞均可),不用be/have/like/belong等表示狀態(tài)或靜態(tài)意義的動詞。
(3)as從句的謂語動作和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生或主從句的動作緊接著先后發(fā)生。
(4)時態(tài)特征
1)主從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
As he sleeps,he dreams a bad dream.他睡覺時做了一個噩夢。
2)主從句都用一般過去時。
My hat was blown away as I stood up.我站起來時帽子被吹走了。
3)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句用現(xiàn)在進行性。
As we are going out, it begins to snow.當(dāng)我們出門時,開始下雪了。
4)主句用一般過去時,從句用過去進行時。
As the doctors were checking him,the pain got worse.
當(dāng)醫(yī)生正在給他檢查時, 疼痛變得更厲害了。
13.While I was driving my old car,I was polluting the city.
While I......old car是while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,置于主句I was polluting the city之前,用逗號將它們隔開。
while在此意為“當(dāng)......的時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句也可放在主句后,不用逗號將它們隔開。
此時主從句都用了過去進行時,表示“drive”和“pollute”這兩個動作在過去的時間里同時進行。
知識歸納:while意為“當(dāng)...的時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,用法如下
(1)while指時間段,從句謂語必須用延續(xù)性動詞或be動詞。
(2)從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生。
(3)時態(tài)特征
1)主從句都用過去進行時。
He was listening to the music while we were watching TV.我們看電視時他正在聽音樂。
2)主句用過去進行時,從句用一般過去時。
He was drinking coffee while we drank wine.我們喝葡萄酒時他在喝咖啡。
3)主句用一般過去時,從句用過去進行時。
While the lights were changing to red,a car suddenly appeared round the corner.
當(dāng)交通燈正在變?yōu)榧t色時, 一輛小汽車突然出現(xiàn)在拐角處。
4)主從句都用一般過去時或一般現(xiàn)在時。
His wife carried the two children while he carried the luggage.妻子帶著兩個孩子,他拿著行李。
We must strike while the iron is hot.我們必須趁熱打鐵。
5)主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
I will be kind to him while you are away.你不在的時候我會對他很好的。
6)主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(含祈使句),從句用現(xiàn)在進行時。
It is impolite to speak loudly while you are having a meal.你吃飯時大聲說話是不禮貌的。
Turn off the radio while you are doing the homework.你做家庭作業(yè)要關(guān)掉收音機。
重要提示:while/when/as都可表示“當(dāng)......的時候”,使用時要注意下列內(nèi)容:
(1)從句謂語是be動詞時,when可與while互換,不能和as互換。
He always cries when/while he is sad.她傷心的時候總是哭。
(2)從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生,且從句謂語為延續(xù)性動詞,when,while,as都可使用。
When/While/As we were dancing,a stranger came in.當(dāng)我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進來。
(3)從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生,只用when,不用as/while。
When I had finished the housework,I planned to play the chess.我干完家務(wù)后打算下象棋。
(4)主從句謂語動作同時發(fā)生,兩句都用進行時,從句多用while引導(dǎo)。
They were singing while we were dancing. 我們跳舞時他們在唱歌。
語法點睛
1.過去進行時
一.過去進行時的構(gòu)成方式
(1)過去進行時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“was/were +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”,第一、三人稱單數(shù)、單數(shù)名詞用was,其余情況用were。
(2)句型
1)肯定句:主語+ was/were +V-ing形式+其它.
They were watching TV then.他們那時正在看電視。
2)否定句:主語+ was / were not+V-ing形式+其它.
I was not watching TV then.我那時沒看電視。
3)一般疑問句及答語:Was / Were +主語+ V-ing形式+其它 肯定回答用Yes,主語+was / were;否定回答用No, 主語+ was / were not。
—Was the girl crying then 那個女孩當(dāng)時在哭嗎
—Yes,she was. 是的,她在哭。
—No,she wasn’t. 不,她沒哭。
4)特殊疑問句及答語:疑問詞+ was /were +主語+ V-ing形式 回答要跟據(jù)實際情況用過去進行態(tài)。
—What were they watching then 他們當(dāng)時在看什么
—They were watching a cartoon then.他們當(dāng)時在看卡通片。
(3)用法
過去進行時描述在過去的某個時間里正在進行的動作,常與表示具體時刻的時間狀語,諸如at that time/moment,this time yesterday,at+時刻+last night,then等等連用。
They were cleaning their bedroom yesterday evening.昨晚他們在打掃臥室。
(4)過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別
1)一般過去時用于陳述過去的事實或過去發(fā)生的動作,句中常有表示過去時間段的狀語,...ago,just now,in+過去的年份,以及表示頻率的時間狀語等等。
2)過去進行時用于描述過去某個時間里正在發(fā)生的動作,句中常有具體的表示過去的時間點或時間段。
I was driving yesterday morning.我昨天早上一直在開車。
I drove to my grandpa’s yesterday morning.我昨天早上開車去了爺爺家。
When I was a child,I often played football.孩提時我常常踢足球。
Speaking
口語表達(dá)歸納:
表達(dá)歉意時:
可用“I’m sorry that......”表示“我很抱歉......”(that后面的內(nèi)容是賓語從句,引出道歉的原因)。
也可直接說“Sorry./I’m sorry.”(對不起),然后給出抱歉的原因。
原諒對方可用下列句子
That’s all right.不要緊。
Never mind.沒關(guān)系。
Don’t worry about it.別為這事發(fā)愁。
考點:考查“Never mind.”表“沒關(guān)系”,用于應(yīng)答別人的道歉的用法。
—I’m terribly sorry that I’ve kept you waiting for so long.
—_______.
A. Never mind B. It’s a pity C. You’re welcome D. That’s right.
點撥與析答:題干意為“—非常抱歉,我讓你等了這么久。—____。”根據(jù)“非常抱歉”所提示的語境,可判斷所填內(nèi)容用于應(yīng)答對方的道歉,應(yīng)用Never mind,表示“沒關(guān)系”,因此選A。
干擾項分析:B表“很遺憾”,C表“不客氣”,D表“沒錯”,和題意矛盾,故排除BCD。
口語運用(以弄壞對方的自行車為話題)
A:I’m sorry that I have broken your bike.我弄壞了你的自行車,我很抱歉。
B:Don’t worry about it.I can repair it.別為這事發(fā)愁。我能夠修理。
Writing部分
寫作技能提升:寫一篇關(guān)于過去和現(xiàn)在生活的網(wǎng)絡(luò)帖子(以人們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)或去上班的方式為話題)。
短文應(yīng)包括兩個部分(每個部分要寫一段話)。
第一部分介紹你祖父母青少年時去上學(xué)或去上班的方式。
第二部分介紹現(xiàn)在去上學(xué)或去上班的方式
寫作技巧
第一段用第三人稱,時態(tài)用一般過去時和過去進行時;第二段用第一、三人稱,時態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
盡量使用本單元中的詞語
句型及運用方法
第一段:Your grandparents’ teenage days
1.When my grandparents were young,they usually went to school on foot.我祖父母年輕的時候經(jīng)常步行去上學(xué)。
運用1:由于when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的主語和主句的主語相同,且從句含有be動詞,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是When young,they usually went to school on foot.
注意:
此時when可換成while。
主句部分也可用“used to+動詞原形”表達(dá),表示“過去常常做某事”,因此主句可改寫為they used to go to school on foot。
But sometimes they went to school by bike.但有時他們騎自行車去上學(xué)。
運用2:“騎自行車去學(xué)校”也可表示為“ride bikes to school”,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是“But sometimes they rode bikes to school.”
At that time,workers could only take buses,ride bikes or walk to work.那時,工人只能搭乘公交車,騎自行車或步行去工作。
運用3:表示“騎車;搭公交車”也可用by bike/by bus表達(dá);only表示“僅僅”時可與just互換,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是At that time workers could just go to work by bike,by bus or on foot.
However,because there were a small number of buses then,they needed to wait for buses for a long time.然而,由于那時只有少量的公交車,所以他們需要等公交車很長時間。
運用4:however表示轉(zhuǎn)折時與but的含義相同,因此可換為but引導(dǎo)的并列分句,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是But because there were a small number of buses then,they needed to wait for buses for a long time.
While they were waiting for buses,they were talking with one another.他們等公交車時互相交談。
運用5:這句話也可用while引導(dǎo)的省略結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá),可改寫為“While waiting for buses,they were talking with one another.”
注意:one another表示“互相”,用于三者或三者以上。表示“(兩者之間)互相”用
each other。
第二段:Now
Today,we can go to school or work not only by bike,by bus and on foot,but also by subway and by car.如今,我們不光能夠騎自行車,搭公交車,步行去上學(xué)或上班,而且能夠搭地鐵,小汽車去上學(xué)或上班。
運用1:not only...but also表示“不但...而且...”(also可以省略),連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)。
Because of the convenient transportation,we can reach schools or work places on time.因為交通便利,我們能夠按時到達(dá)學(xué)校或工作場所。
運用2:because of引導(dǎo)的短語作原因狀語句首,可與owing to互換,也可換成because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句Because the transportation is convenient;reach在此可與arrive at/get to互換。因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是:
Owing to the convenient transportation,we can arrive at schools or work places on time.
Because the transportation is convenient,we can get to schools or work places on time.
Moreover,since there are so many buses,we don’t have to wait for a long time.而且,由于有很多公交車,我們不必等待很長時間。
運用3:moreover表示“而且”,可與what’s more互換;so many表示“如此多的”,修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,此時還可用 a great/large number of;don’t have to表示“不必”,可與needn’t互換,因此這句話的同義表達(dá)是What’s more,since there are a large number of buses,we needn’t wait for a long time.
寫作范文
Your grandparents’ teenage days
When my grandparents were young,they usually went to school on foot.But sometimes they went to school by bike.At that time,workers could only take buses,ride bikes or walk to work.At that time workers could just go to work by bike,by bus or on foot.However,because there were a small number of buses then,they needed to wait for buses for a long time.While they were waiting for buses,they were talking with one another.
Now
Today,we can go to school or work not only by bike,by bus and on foot,but also by subway and by car.Because of the convenient transportation,we can reach schools or work places on time.
Moreover,since there are so many buses,we don’t have to wait for a long time.
More practice
After going shopping and having tea at the cafe, I went back to my room to rest.
After going... the cafe是“after+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
after是介詞,意為“在......之后”,引導(dǎo)的介詞作時間狀語。
它接動詞時動詞要變?yōu)閯用~。
I feel tired after arriving at home. 到家后我感到疲憊不堪。
重要提示:after作連詞時意為“當(dāng)......時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)主句的主語和從句的主語一致時可將從句轉(zhuǎn)換為“after+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
He went to bed after he did his homework.
=He went to bed after doing his homework.完成家庭作業(yè)后,他去睡覺了。
2.I saw that water was coming in through the window!
這是see+that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu):
此時主從句的主語不同。
從句用的是過去進行時態(tài),表示“看到......正在......”。
當(dāng)see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是進行時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。
I see that a child is playing football.
=I see a child playing football.我看到一個小孩在踢足球。
知識拓展:see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是完成時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+省略to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。
I see that my father has finished the housework.
=I see my father finish the housework.我看見我爸爸干完了家務(wù)。
考點:考查see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是進行時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
I see a boy lying on the road.(改為復(fù)合句,保持句意不變)
I see____ ____ ____ ____ ____on the road.
點撥與析答:由于see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是進行時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”,這符合題干結(jié)構(gòu),因此填that a boy is lying。
考點:考查see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是完成時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+省略to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
I see that the man has gone out.(改為簡單句,保持句意不變)
__________________________.
點撥與析答:由于see接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,如果主從句的主語不同,而且從句用的是完成時,可將這個復(fù)合句改為“see sb/sth+省略to的不定式”,這符合題干結(jié)構(gòu),因此填I(lǐng) see the man go out.
3.Suddenly a light went on and a lot of food started to arrive from the supermarket:meat,
vegetables,fruit,milk,and so on.
(1)go on在此作“不及物動詞+副詞”類型的短語,意為“(電器設(shè)備)運轉(zhuǎn)”。
A light goes on at seven every evening. 每天晚上7點鐘有盞燈會亮起。
(2)and so on是固定短語,意為“等等”,要放在列舉內(nèi)容的末尾。
I like apples, watermelons, bananas and so on.我喜歡蘋果,西瓜,香蕉等等。
4.I shouted at the fridge.
shout at是“不及物動詞+介詞”類型的短語,表示“對著……吼叫”。
介詞at在此處表示“針對著, 向”,通常指發(fā)火、發(fā)怒的情形。
該短語常接表示“人”的詞語。
Don’t shout at me. 別對我大喊大叫的。
You should not shout at your child.你不應(yīng)該沖著孩子吼叫。
知識拓展 shout還可與介詞to搭配,表示“向著……喊叫”,介詞to表示聲音所喊的方向,通常指呼喚較遠(yuǎn)處的人。
Don’t shout to him. It’s too far. He can’t hear you. 別對他喊了。太遠(yuǎn)了。他聽不見的。
5.but the food continued to come in
come in在此是“不及物動詞+副詞”類型的短語,意為“出現(xiàn)”,其后不接賓語。
That's where the trouble often comes in.
那就是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)糾紛之處。
詞義拓展:come in作不及物動詞短語時還可意為“流行起來”。
Nylon stockings came in soon after the end of the war.
戰(zhàn)后不久尼龍襪子就時興起來。
6.The hydrogen in the car failed to mix with the oxygen.
failed to mix with the oxygen用的是“fail+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“無法做某事”。fail在此作及物動詞,意為“不能”。
Two sides failed to come to an agreement.雙方未達(dá)成一致。
知識歸納:fail的其它用法
(1)作及物動詞時還可意為“失敗”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為fail sth,表示“做某事失敗”。
He failed chemistry. 他化學(xué)考試不及格。
(2)作不及物動詞時意為“失敗”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)為fail in doing sth.,表示“做某事失敗”。
I failed in persuading him. 我沒能說服他。
7.W e’ re going to miss our plane.
miss在此作及物動詞,意為“錯過”,常接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語。
I was late because I missed the bus.我遲到了,因為我誤了公共汽車。
She missed going to the party on Saturday.星期六她沒能出席聚會。
8.What shall we do
這是含有情態(tài)動詞shall的特殊疑問句。shall用在疑問句中要遵循以下兩點規(guī)律:
shall在此表示“要不要;......好嗎”,用于征求對方意見。
此時主要用于第一人稱(在英國英語中,也用于第三人稱)。
Shall I get you a chair for you 要不要我給你拿把椅子來
What shall we do this evening 我們今天晚上做什么呢?
Shall the boy come at once 要不要這孩子馬上來
知識拓展:情態(tài)動詞shall還可用在陳述句:
表示說話者的允諾、告誡、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等。
主要用于第二、三人稱。
You shall have a sweet. 你會吃到一塊糖。(表允諾)
He shall suffer for this. 他將為此受苦。(威脅)
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。(表規(guī)定)
Culture corner
1.Dream inspires future cities
inspire在此作及物動詞,意為“激勵;鼓舞”,常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下:
(1)inspire sb to do sth表示“激勵某人做某事”。
His spirit will carry on, and it will inspire all of us to achieve success.
他的精神將得到傳承,并激勵我們所有人取得成功。
(2)be inspired to do sth表示“受到激勵做某事”。
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受到激勵比以往任何時候都更努力地工作。
2.countries around the world displayed their dreams of future cities
display在此作及物動詞,意為“展示;展現(xiàn)”。
The vendors display their fruit.
攤販展示他們的水果。
詞義拓展:display作及物動詞時還可意為“陳列;顯示;炫耀”。
Department stores display their goods in the windows.
百貨商店把商品陳列在櫥窗里。
He displayed no sign of emotion.
他絲毫不露感情。
He is displaying his prize.他正在炫耀他的獎品。
The idea of this building is to show that we can have more environmentally friendly buildings and houses.
(1)to show that ...... houses是動詞不定式作表語,對The idea of this building作解釋說明。
(2)that we can have ... houses是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句較長時,that不省略。
4.This house is built completely of recycled and reused materials.
句中用了be built of結(jié)構(gòu),表示“由……建造的”。
All the houses there were built of wood. 那里所有的房子都是用木頭蓋的。
考點薈萃
1.考點:考查on與表示“無線電器材”的名詞連用,表“在......上”的用法。
When I got into the room, Green was talking _________ the phone.
A. on B. with C. to D. in
點撥與析答:題干意為“我進到屋子里時,格林正在____電話交談。”on可與表示無線電器材的名詞連用,phone屬于這類詞匯,符合題意,因此選A。
2.考點:考查when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,主句用過去進行時,從句用一般過去時的用法。
—I called you last night,but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry,Grace.I____I Am A Singer when the phone rang.
A.am watching B.was watching C.have watched
點撥與析答:由于when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,主句用過去進行時,從句要用一般過去時,對比選項可知選B。
(2)I _____ with my parents when he rang me up yesterday afternoon.
A.am shopping B.am shoping C. was shopping D.was shoping
點撥與析答:由于when引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,從句用了過去時,主句也要用過去時,排除AB;又由于shop的現(xiàn)在分詞是shopping,因此選C。
(3)根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。
當(dāng)那幾個德國人到達(dá)機場時,雨正下得很大。
It was____heavily when the Germans____at the airport.
點撥與析答:根據(jù)題干,可判斷主句要用過去進行時,從句要用一般過去時。“下雨”應(yīng)翻譯為rain,放在was后要用raining;根據(jù)第二空后的at,可判斷“到達(dá)”要用arrived。因此填raining;arrived。
3.考點:考查be mixed with是固定搭配,表“與……混合在一起”的用法。
Air is even mixed______the water in the sea.
A. at B. in C. with D.to
點撥與析答:題干意為“空氣甚至和海水混合_____ 。”對比選項,be mixed with是固定搭配,表“與……混合”,符合題干語義,因此選C。
干擾項分析:ABD三項都無法和be mixed搭配,故排除。
4.考點:考查where表“何地”,在賓語從句中作地點狀語的用法。
Thomas wants to know ______Nina lives.
A. where B. who C. what D. if
點撥與析答: ______Nina lives是賓語從句。由于lives在此表“居住”,是不及物動詞,可判斷所填內(nèi)容在句中作地點狀語。對比選項,只有where在賓語從句中可作地點狀語,因此選A。
干擾項分析:who引導(dǎo)賓語從句時表“誰”,what表“什么;什么樣的”,if表“是否”,不符合題意,故排除BCD。
5.考點:考查while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,主句用一般過去時,從句要用一般過去時或過去進行時的用法。
Bob took a photo of his girlfriend while she _____ at the party.
A.dances B.was dancing C.has danced D.is dancing
點撥與析答:while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時主句用了一般過去時,從句要用一般過去時或者過去進行時,對比選項,可知選B。
6.考點:考查while表“當(dāng)...時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,主句用一般現(xiàn)在時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時的用法。
Turn off the water while you _______ your teeth or washing your hands.
A. were brushing B. brush C. are brushing D. brushed
點撥與析答:分析題干,可判斷主句是祈使句,是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),while引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時;又由于從句中有連詞or,其后接了現(xiàn)在分詞washing,由此可判斷要用現(xiàn)在進行時“be+V-ing”結(jié)構(gòu),因此選C。
7.考點:考查一般過去時用于描述過去的事情或動作;過去進行時用于描述動作在過去的時間里正在進行的區(qū)別。
(1)-I called you at half past nine this morning,but there was no answer.
-Oh, sorry. I _____ with my cousin in the supermarket.
A. shopping B. was shopping C. shopped D. will shop
點撥與析答:題干意為“我今天早上9點30給你打電話,但無人接聽。—噢,對不起。我和我的堂兄一起在超市____。”分析題干,首句用了一般過去時,可推斷早上9點30“我”正在購物,因此沒有接電話,對比選項,應(yīng)用過去進行時,因此選B。
(2)—What ______ you ______ at this time yesterday
—I was cleaning my room.
A. did; do B. are; doing C. were; doing D.do;do
點撥與析答:由于答語 was cleaning 用的是過去進行時,因此所填內(nèi)容要用過去進行時態(tài),對比選項,可知選C。
(3)—Has Mary ever visited Tower Bridge
—Yes. She _____ it two years ago.
A.visits B.visited C.has visited D.was visiting
點撥與析答:由于“......ago”是一般過去時的標(biāo)志詞,因此選B。
(4)—John, I called you yesterday morning, but nobody answered the phone.
—Oh, I _________basketball at that time.
A. play B. playing C. was playing
點撥與析答:由于at that time是表示過去的時間,只有was playing可以和它連用,故選C。
(5)—What were you doing at this time yesterday
—I ______ my homework.
A.did B.am doing C.was doing
點撥與析答: 由于What were you doing at this time yesterday 是過去進行時的特殊疑問句,可判斷答語要用過去進行時,因此選C。
(6)— What _______ Candy _______ just now
— Sorry, I didn’t hear it. I _________ up the phone.
was...saying; was picking B. did...say; was picking
C. does...say; am picking D. did...say; pick
點撥與析答:第一句是特殊疑問句,答語部分用了did,可判斷第一句要用一般過去時,由此可推斷第二空所填謂語是在過去發(fā)生的,因此選B。
8.考點:考查after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時如果主從句的主語一致,可將從句部分轉(zhuǎn)換為“after+動名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。
句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
Mom felt tired after she cooked for the whole family.(改為簡單句)
Mom felt tired after ____ for the whole family.
點撥與析答:本題要將after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句變?yōu)楹唵尉洹S捎赼fter引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,如果主從句的主語一致,可將從句轉(zhuǎn)換為“after+動名詞”,故填cooking。
單元考點跟蹤訓(xùn)練
I.單項選擇
1.My father was preparing for his speech____my mother was doing some washing last night.
A.if B.while C.unless D.although
2.—I called you at 3:00 yesterday afternoon,but no one answered.
—Sorry,I_____with my friends at that time.
swim B.swam C.will swim D.was swimming
3.—Perhaps you should call him up.
—But I don’t want to talk with him ______ the phone.
A. on B. at C. in D. with
4.—Miss Lin ______ my deskmate when I left school.
—She is really a nice teacher.
A.helps B.is helping C. was helping D.will help
5.— Why did the car hit the old lady
—Because the driver ______ on the phone at that time.
A. talk B. is talking C. was talking D. have talked
My mother was doing the dishes_____I got home.
when B.though C.as long as D.if
7.No one knows ______Anne lives.
A. where B. who C. what D. if
8.—I am terribly sorry that I broke your vase.
—_______.
A. Never mind B. It’s a pity C. You’re welcome D. That’s right.
9.You don’t want to visit any other mountain if you have seen Wuyue, but you won’t wish to see even Wuyue after_____from Mount Huangshan.
A.returns B.returning C.return D.returned
10.—I suppose you are 60 years old.
—Thank you. I’m glad you ______ that. My real age is 90.
A. say B. said C. are saying D. were saying
II.根據(jù)漢語提示寫出單詞
You can_____now.(放松)
There are much information on the______.(互聯(lián)網(wǎng))
I’m____with this work.(感到厭煩的)
Hanyang is_____with Wuchang by the Yangtze Bridge.(與......相連)
The hydrogen in the car is_____with oxygen from the air to make electricity for the car.(與...混合在一起)
III.用所給單詞的正確形式填空
—Lucy, what were you doing at nine last night
—I ____ the piano.(play)
—I called you at eight o’clock last night, but no one answered.
—Oh, I ______ a shower at that time. (take)
My headmaster inspires us_____the challenge.(accept)
This house is____ completely of recycled and reused materials.(build)
5.—I was reading a book this time yesterday. What about you
—We_____ a model plane.(make)
IV.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(所填內(nèi)容不少于三個單詞)
Linda sees I am doing the dishes.(改為簡單句,保持句意不變)
___________________________
Peter sees Anna wash some coats.(改為復(fù)合句,保持句意不變)
_____________________________
3.Can you order us a meal?(用為同義句)
______________________
After I complete my housework,I start to do my school.(改為簡單句,保持句意不變)
After________ _______ _______,I start to do my school.
Lily was playing volleyball at 8:00 last night.(改為一般疑問句)
_____________________________________________
V.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子(一空一詞)
他到達(dá)上海的時候是晚上7點鐘。
It was 7 o’clock in the evening____ ____ ____Wuhan.
我經(jīng)常吃蘋果、梨子、香蕉等等。
I usually eat apples,pears,bananas____ ____ ____.
你不準(zhǔn)對我們大喊大叫。
You mustn’t____ ____ ____.
我要把這首歌推薦給你。
I will____this song____you.
5.有些學(xué)校沒有布置任何作業(yè)。
Some schools___ ___set any homework.
參考答案:
I部分 BDACC AAABB
II部分 1.relax 2.Internet 3.bored 4.connected 5.mixed
III部分:
was playing 2.was taking 3.to accept 4.built 5.were making
IV 1.Linda sees me doing the dishes.
2.Peter sees(that)Anna has washed some coats.
3.Can you order a meal for us?
4.completing my housework
5.Was Lily playing volleyball at 8:00 last night?
V部分
When I reached
and so on
shout at us
recommend;to
fail to

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