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Welcome Unit 整體掌握 語法篇
2019人教版高考英語必修第一冊
英語24字整體教學講義
句子成分和簡單句型
◆ 句子成分
◆ 簡單句型
◆ 基礎鞏固 透析語法
◆ 能力提升 突破考點
句子成分和簡單句型
句子成分
組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補語，同位語。
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語和狀語等。
成分 意義 位置
主語 S(subject) 句子的主體；謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動作由“誰”發出 位于句首
謂語V(verb) 表示主語的行為或狀態是英語句子的靈魂、核心 主語之后
賓語 O(object) 表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者 動詞或介詞后
直接賓語DO (direct object) 表示動作的承受者，一般是物 動詞后
間接賓語IO (indirect object) 表示動作是對誰或為誰做的，一般是人 動詞后
表語 P(predicative) 用來說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等 系動詞后
賓語補足語OC (object complement) 補充說明賓語的動作或狀態 賓語后
定語(attributive) 用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明其本質或特征 名詞或代詞前面或后面
狀語A(adverbial) 說明動作“何時、何地、如何”發生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度 位置靈活
幾個要強調的語法點：
2. 1. 復合謂語
①由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：
You may keep the book for three weeks. (情態動詞may+動詞原形keep做謂語)
The little girl has caught a bad cold. (助動詞hast動詞過去分詞caught做謂語)
②由系動詞加表語構成。如：
We are students now. (系動詞are+名詞students構成系表結構做謂語)
2. 2 主謂一致，謂語和主語在人稱和數方面必須保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading.
He\She is reading. We are reading.
2. 3 直接賓語和間接賓語——有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫作間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。合稱雙賓。例如：
He gave me some ink . 他給了我一些墨水。
間接賓語 直接賓語
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老師給我媽講了一個有趣的故事。
間接賓語 直接賓語
2. 4 形容詞作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之前。而介詞短語、不定式短語或副詞等作定語時則放在被修飾的詞之后。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. （介詞短語）冬天是一年中最冷的季節。
I have something important to tell you. （不定式）我有重要的事情要告訴你。
The people here are very friendly. （副詞）這里的人們非常友好。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （從句作定語）
那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。
II. 基本句子結構
句子的主要成分是主語和謂語，而充當謂語的動詞有不同的種類，這就形成了英語簡單句的不同句型。
1. 主語＋不及物動詞(S＋V)
A bird flies.
S V
2. 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
They like bananas.
S V O
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋P)
This is great.
S P
拓展：英語中的連系動詞有：be動詞、感官動詞(look,. smell，taste, feel, sound等)、表變化類動詞(get, become, turn, go，grow, come等)、表保持類動詞(keep, stay, remain等)。
主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 (直接賓語和間接賓 語叫作雙賓語) (S＋V＋IO＋DO)
Billy brought Sam a kite.
S V IO DO
主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓補(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(S＋V＋O＋C)
They found the snake dead.
S V O C
III. there be結構
there be結構是一種常見的特殊句子結構，也稱之為“存在句”。
1. there be結構的構成
1） there be結構主要由“there＋be＋名詞主語＋其他”構成。 There is a doctor and two nurses in the medical team.
這個醫療隊由1位醫生和2名護士組成。
There were no footprints to be seen.
看不見任何足跡。
拓展：① no=not a或not any, 在上述例句中等同于“not any”；②就近原則：there be結構中的謂語動詞的人稱和數的形式要與最近的主語保持一致。
There is a chair，and two desks in the room.
房間里有一把椅子和兩張桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the room.
房間里有兩張桌子和一把椅子。
there be結構中的be有多種謂語表現形式。
There is going to be a film this weekend.
這個周末有電影。
There seems to be no suitable work for him.
看來似乎沒有任何合適的工作讓他去干。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
碰巧屋里無人。
there be結構中的動詞be可被其他實義動詞替換。
①表示存在或位置的動詞，如：exist, live, stand, lie, remain等。
There stands in the Tian’anmen Square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 天安門廣場上矗立著人民英雄紀念碑。
②表示運動或方向的動詞，如come, go, walk, run, flow, arrive, follow, pass等。
Suddenly there came a knock on the door. 突然傳來敲門聲。
③描繪某事發生或發展的動詞。這類動詞常見的有occur, develop, arise, appear等。
There have occurred great changes in my hometown since 1978. 1978年以來，我的家鄉發生了巨大的變化。
含有情態動詞的there be結構，there be結構中的謂語動詞可以和情態動詞連用。
There cannot be anyone in the office at this moment.
此時辦公室里不可能有人。
There used to be a theatre here.
過去這里曾有一家戲院。
注意：There be結構有時和have結構可以互換使用，但有時兩者有一定的區別，前者強調“某處有……”，著重“存在”的狀態；后者則強調“某人有……”，著重“占有”。
There is going to be a strong wind this afternoon.
今天下午有大風。(主語為物多用there be結構)
A dog has a good nose.
狗有靈敏的鼻子。(強調所屬關系，多用have)
2. there be結構的用法
1）表示人或物存在
There is a pain in my back. 我的背疼。
2）表示發生某事
There is going to be a storm tonight. 今晚將有一場暴風雨。
3）there is no. . . 結構，這些結構不表示“存在”的意義，而是用于對某一具體行為和抽象概念的否定。
There is no use(in) doing it. 干此事毫無用處。
There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。
There is no saying what may happen.
很難說會發生什么事。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
不知何時我們能再相見。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
歷史的車輪不能倒轉。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的
基礎鞏固 透析語法
I. 寫出下列句子中畫線部分的成分
1. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子謂語是？
A. studying B. managed C. pass D. Entering
2. The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑體加粗的是 ________.
A. 名詞短語 B. 形容詞短語 C. 介詞短語 D. 副詞短語
3. She has been a student for ten years. 句子的謂語是 ________.
A. has been B. She C. a student D. for ten years
4. The young man offered the old man his own seat. ()
A. 賓語 B. 定語 C. 賓語補足語 D. 表語
5. There were not many things we could do when it was raining. 主句的謂語動詞是？
A. were B. could C. do D. was
6. Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 劃線部分是什么短語？在句子中做什么成分？
A. AdjP, 定語 B. AdjP, 狀語 C. AdvP, 狀語 D. AdvP, 定語
7. Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (狀語) B. complement (補語)
C. attributive (定語) D. appositive (同位語)
8. I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (狀語) B. complement (補語)
C. attributive (定語) D. appositive (同位語)
9. Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation. ”
A. SVOC B. SVA C. SVOA D. SPA
10. Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的謂語動詞是________。
A. Born B. began C. Whitacre D. Studying
11. We will make him our monitor. (分析句子結構)
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC
12. My father bought me a new bike last week. (分析句子結構)
A. S+V B. S+V+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
13. The sentence structure of “He lent me a book. ” is ______
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+P
14. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. ”
A. SV (主+謂) B. SVO (主+謂+賓)
C. SVIO DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓) D. SVOC (主+謂+賓+賓補)
15. Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He lent me a book. ”
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
16. The sentence structure of “He often makes me happy" is________.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P
17. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. ”
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
18. We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 該句子結構為
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
19. We should remain modest and honest. 該句子結構為
A. SVP B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
20. The sentence structure of the sentence "You will find English easy to learn. "is ________.
(S: subjectV: verbO: objectC: complement)
S+V+O B. S+V+O1+O2 C. S+V+O+C D. S+V
21. The sentence"We can fly a kite in the park. "shares the same structure with________.
A. She saw a white-haired man B. He gave me a smile.
C. He was friendly D. He wrote a letter in the classroom
22. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. Lay
23. “The news makes me feel very happy. ” The structure of this sentence is “________”.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C
24. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face. 該句中，主句是？
A. with the rapid development of science and technology
B. more and more people believe that. . .
C. environmental pollution has become a problem
D. we have to face
25. “Every morning, I hear the birds sing in the park. ”中下劃線部分是什么成分？
A. P B. DO C. C D. IO
II. 寫出下列句子所屬的類型
In other words, most of us are anxious about our future.
主語＋系動詞＋表語
Our teacher showed us an impressive experiment just now.
_____________________________________
An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
_____________________________________
The girl talked about her campus life.
_____________________________________
The outgoing girl made her speech impressive.
_____________________________________
The sun was shining.
_____________________________
7. He is designing a new dress carefully.
_____________________________________
There are ten boys in the classroom.
_____________________________________
III. 根據括號內的要求把下面兩句話合并成一句話。
1. We’ve painted the walls. They’re bright yellow. (用“賓語＋賓補”的形式連接兩句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We gave him. We gave a book. (用雙賓語的形式連接兩句)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. We have physics in the classroom. The classroom is new. (用new作定語的形式連接兩句)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. An old man lived in the village many years ago. (用There lived. . . 改寫)
________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 語法主題應用
使用本單元所學句子成分和基本句型補全下面的語段
Good morning, everyone! ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (很榮幸→SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and _____ _____ _____ _____ (我十五歲了→SP).
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我來自大連市→SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that ______ ______ ______ ______ (會給你留下深刻印象→SV). English and movies are my favorites ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (它們能幫助我學習和放松→SVOC). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我喜歡交友→SVO), especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我希望能和我的朋友們一起進步→SVOA). Thank you.
能力提升 突破考點
I. 高考鏈接之單句語法填空
My mom told me how _______ （prepare）it. （2020·新課標I）
Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with ____________ （chopstick）. （2020·新課標I）
3. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______________ (make) over the years. (2019·全國 Ⅱ)
4. They also shared with us many__________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _______ (huge) popular with tourists. (2019·全國Ⅲ)
5. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. (2018·全國Ⅲ)
6. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____________ (stay) and watch. (2018·全國Ⅲ)
7. I still remember ___________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I___________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. (2018·浙江)
II. 根據中文完成句子。
1. 世界上許多國家正盼望著與中國進行貿易。
Many countries in the world are____________________________ trading with China
2. 不要害怕犯錯誤，因為沒有人一直是對的。
Don't______________________ making mistakes because nobody will be right all the time
3. 越來越多的孩子喜歡和他們的父母去世界各地旅行。
More and more children like to travel______________________ with their parents.
4. 未來污染將會更少。
There will be_____________________ in the future
5. 籃球比賽獲勝時，我為他們的成功感到驕傲。
I was proud of their success_______________________________ the basketball match
6. 當別人犯錯誤時，嘲笑他們是不禮貌的。
It’s impolite to___________________ others when they make mistakes
7. 盡管蒂姆很小，但是他至少可以說兩種外語。
Although Tim is young, he can speak_______________ two foreign languages
8. 我們全家都喜歡在這家餐廳吃火鍋，它以良好的服務出名。
All my family like to eat hotpot at this restaurant. It____________________ its good service.
9. 我們讀的好書越多，精神方面就越富有。
The more good books we read, ________________ we will be in spirit.
10. 分發試卷前，學生們應該保持安靜。
The students are supposed to keep quiet____________________________________________.
微寫作·整句翻譯。
1. 幫助學生了解中國傳統藝術是必要的。
__________________________________________
2. 他是一位多么友好的老師啊!
__________________________________________
3. 媽媽告訴我們不要摘花。
__________________________________________
4. 他完成這項任務用了好幾周時間。
__________________________________________
5. 這些橘子多么新鮮啊!
__________________________________________
6. 我爸爸是一個能使別人開心的人。
__________________________________________
7. 這是多么有用的信息啊!
__________________________________________
8. 你最好鼓勵你的孩子養成一個好的閱讀習慣。
__________________________________________
9. 努力學習，你的夢想就會實現。
__________________________________________
10. 據說考試后我們會舉辦一場盛大的派對。
__________________________________________
11. 這輛自行車出故障了。
___________________________________________
12當我們有不同意見時，我們應該互相理解。
___________________________________________
13. 有志者，事竟成。
____________________________________________
14. 她是我們學校最受歡迎的老師之一。
____________________________________________
15. 我發現要記住所有的新單詞很難。
____________________________________________
IV. 語法填空（高考必考題型）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
About 15 years ago, Andrew McAtee, a businessman and cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s son. The 12-year-old boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a rare disease, a buildup of liquid in the brain _1 _ often causes imbalance.
When he got home, McAtee went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child _2_____________ balance problems. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. _3 _ there was more. “To see his son cycling with other kids,”McAtee says, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face. ”
That smile started the McAtee Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with some clinics _4 _ (find) children who can benefit from owning _5 _ adaptive bike-and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. The bikes are expensive-S3, 000 to S4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s discount. For kids 6 (luck) enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
So far, the foundation _7 (give) away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of _8 _ (company),“McAtee says. “But _ 9 (get)these kids their bikes is _10 (important) thing that I do. ”Welcome Unit 整體掌握 語法篇
2019人教版高考英語必修第一冊
英語24字整體教學講義 教師版
句子成分和簡單句型
◆ 句子成分
◆ 簡單句型
◆ 基礎鞏固 透析語法
◆ 能力提升 突破考點
句子成分和簡單句型
句子成分
組成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。英語的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分為：主語，謂語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語，賓語補語，同位語。
構成句子的各個部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓補、定語和狀語等。
成分 意義 位置
主語 S(subject) 句子的主體；謂語陳述、說明的對象，說明動作由“誰”發出 位于句首
謂語V(verb) 表示主語的行為或狀態是英語句子的靈魂、核心 主語之后
賓語 O(object) 表示行為或活動的對象、接受者或受影響者 動詞或介詞后
直接賓語DO (direct object) 表示動作的承受者，一般是物 動詞后
間接賓語IO (indirect object) 表示動作是對誰或為誰做的，一般是人 動詞后
表語 P(predicative) 用來說明主語的身份、性質、狀況等 系動詞后
賓語補足語OC (object complement) 補充說明賓語的動作或狀態 賓語后
定語(attributive) 用來修飾名詞或代詞，說明其本質或特征 名詞或代詞前面或后面
狀語A(adverbial) 說明動作“何時、何地、如何”發生；說明形容詞或副詞的程度 位置靈活
幾個要強調的語法點：
2. 1. 復合謂語
①由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。如：
You may keep the book for three weeks. (情態動詞may+動詞原形keep做謂語)
The little girl has caught a bad cold. (助動詞hast動詞過去分詞caught做謂語)
②由系動詞加表語構成。如：
We are students now. (系動詞are+名詞students構成系表結構做謂語)
2. 2 主謂一致，謂語和主語在人稱和數方面必須保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading.
He\She is reading. We are reading.
2. 3 直接賓語和間接賓語——有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語，一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫作間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。合稱雙賓。例如：
He gave me some ink . 他給了我一些墨水。
間接賓語 直接賓語
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老師給我媽講了一個有趣的故事。
間接賓語 直接賓語
2. 4 形容詞作定語時通常放在被修飾的詞之前。而介詞短語、不定式短語或副詞等作定語時則放在被修飾的詞之后。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. （介詞短語）冬天是一年中最冷的季節。
I have something important to tell you. （不定式）我有重要的事情要告訴你。
The people here are very friendly. （副詞）這里的人們非常友好。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （從句作定語）
那個在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買的鋼筆。
II. 基本句子結構
句子的主要成分是主語和謂語，而充當謂語的動詞有不同的種類，這就形成了英語簡單句的不同句型。
1. 主語＋不及物動詞(S＋V)
A bird flies.
S V
2. 主語＋及物動詞＋賓語(S＋V＋O)
They like bananas.
S V O
主語＋系動詞＋表語(S＋P)
This is great.
S P
拓展：英語中的連系動詞有：be動詞、感官動詞(look,. smell，taste, feel, sound等)、表變化類動詞(get, become, turn, go，grow, come等)、表保持類動詞(keep, stay, remain等)。
主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 (直接賓語和間接賓 語叫作雙賓語) (S＋V＋IO＋DO)
Billy brought Sam a kite.
S V IO DO
主語＋及物動詞＋賓語＋賓補(賓語和賓補統稱為復合賓語)(S＋V＋O＋C)
They found the snake dead.
S V O C
III. there be結構
there be結構是一種常見的特殊句子結構，也稱之為“存在句”。
1. there be結構的構成
1） there be結構主要由“there＋be＋名詞主語＋其他”構成。 There is a doctor and two nurses in the medical team.
這個醫療隊由1位醫生和2名護士組成。
There were no footprints to be seen.
看不見任何足跡。
拓展：① no=not a或not any, 在上述例句中等同于“not any”；②就近原則：there be結構中的謂語動詞的人稱和數的形式要與最近的主語保持一致。
There is a chair，and two desks in the room.
房間里有一把椅子和兩張桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the room.
房間里有兩張桌子和一把椅子。
there be結構中的be有多種謂語表現形式。
There is going to be a film this weekend.
這個周末有電影。
There seems to be no suitable work for him.
看來似乎沒有任何合適的工作讓他去干。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
碰巧屋里無人。
there be結構中的動詞be可被其他實義動詞替換。
①表示存在或位置的動詞，如：exist, live, stand, lie, remain等。
There stands in the Tian’anmen Square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 天安門廣場上矗立著人民英雄紀念碑。
②表示運動或方向的動詞，如come, go, walk, run, flow, arrive, follow, pass等。
Suddenly there came a knock on the door. 突然傳來敲門聲。
③描繪某事發生或發展的動詞。這類動詞常見的有occur, develop, arise, appear等。
There have occurred great changes in my hometown since 1978. 1978年以來，我的家鄉發生了巨大的變化。
含有情態動詞的there be結構，there be結構中的謂語動詞可以和情態動詞連用。
There cannot be anyone in the office at this moment.
此時辦公室里不可能有人。
There used to be a theatre here.
過去這里曾有一家戲院。
注意：There be結構有時和have結構可以互換使用，但有時兩者有一定的區別，前者強調“某處有……”，著重“存在”的狀態；后者則強調“某人有……”，著重“占有”。
There is going to be a strong wind this afternoon.
今天下午有大風。(主語為物多用there be結構)
A dog has a good nose.
狗有靈敏的鼻子。(強調所屬關系，多用have)
2. there be結構的用法
1）表示人或物存在
There is a pain in my back. 我的背疼。
2）表示發生某事
There is going to be a storm tonight. 今晚將有一場暴風雨。
3）there is no. . . 結構，這些結構不表示“存在”的意義，而是用于對某一具體行為和抽象概念的否定。
There is no use(in) doing it. 干此事毫無用處。
There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。
There is no saying what may happen.
很難說會發生什么事。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
不知何時我們能再相見。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
歷史的車輪不能倒轉。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫無疑問，他是有罪的
基礎鞏固 透析語法
I. 寫出下列句子中畫線部分的成分
1. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子謂語是？
A. studying B. managed C. pass D. Entering
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：在又學習了一年之后，他設法通過了考試，在1896年進入大學。分析句子結構可知，本句為主謂賓狀結構。 he 是主語，managed是謂語，to pass the exam是賓語；After studying for another year和entering college in 1896是狀語。故選B。
2. The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑體加粗的是 ________.
A. 名詞短語 B. 形容詞短語 C. 介詞短語 D. 副詞短語
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：第一周有點混亂。The first week為名詞短語，作主語；a little confusing為形容詞短語，作表語，故選A。
3. She has been a student for ten years. 句子的謂語是 ________.
A. has been B. She C. a student D. for ten years
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意：她當了十年的學生。分析句子結構可知，主語是she；句子時態是現在完成時，謂語是has been；賓語是a student；狀語是for ten days。故選A。
4. The young man offered the old man his own seat. ( )
A. 賓語 B. 定語 C. 賓語補足語 D. 表語
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：那個年輕人把自己的座位讓給了老人。分析句子可知，“The young man”在句中作主語，“offered”作謂語，“the old man”作間接賓語，“his own seat”作直接賓語，故畫線部分在句中作賓語。故選A項。
5. There were not many things we could do when it was raining.主句的謂語動詞是？
A. were B. could C. do D. was
【答案】A
【解析】考查主句的謂語動詞。句意：下雨的時候，我們能做的不多。分析句子結構可知，主句是There be句型，There were not many things we could do，句中we could do作后置定語，修飾many things。故謂語動詞是were。故選A項。
6. Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 劃線部分是什么短語？在句子中做什么成分？
A. AdjP, 定語 B. AdjP, 狀語 C. AdvP, 狀語 D. AdvP, 定語
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：張磊很清楚目的地。分析句子結構可知，劃線部分quite well是副詞短語（AdvP），在句中作狀語。故選C。
7. Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (狀語) B. complement (補語)
C. attributive (定語) D. appositive (同位語)
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：深圳實驗學校位于 Guanlong Mountain 腳下，是深圳最著名的學校之一。分析可知，劃線部分是對主語Shenzhen Experimental School的解釋，所以屬于同位語，故選D。
8. I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (狀語) B. complement (補語)
C. attributive (定語) D. appositive (同位語)
【答案】. C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我很喜歡我們一起在海邊度過的那個夜晚。劃線部分是什么句子成分？根據句意及所給句子可知，when we stayed together by the sea是定語從句，修飾先行詞evening。故選C。
9. Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation.”
A. SVOC B. SVA C. SVOA D. SPA
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：畢業后他創辦了一家IT公司。分析可知，He是句子主語，started是句子謂語，an IT company是賓語，after graduation是時間狀語，因此句子是的結構是“主謂賓狀”，即SVOA。故選C。
10. Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的謂語動詞是________。
A. Born B. began C. Whitacre D. Studying
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：出生在美國，惠特克內華達大學開始學習音樂。分析句子結構可知，句中Whitacre為主語，began為謂語動詞，studying music 為賓語， at the University of Nevada.為地點狀語，Born in the USA為過去分詞作狀語。故選B。
11. We will make him our monitor. (分析句子結構)
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我們將讓他當我們的班長。分析句子可知，“We”在句中作主語（S），“will make”作謂語（V），“him”作賓語（O），“our monitor”作賓語補足語（OC），故句子為“S+V+O+OC”結構。故選D項。
12. My father bought me a new bike last week.(分析句子結構)
A. S+V B. S+V+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我爸爸上周給我買了一輛新自行車。此處主語為my father；bought為謂語；me為間接賓語；a new bike為直接賓語。屬于“主謂賓賓”結構。故選C。
13. The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ______
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+P
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：“他借給我一本書”的句子結構是……He是主語，lent是謂語，me是間接賓語，a book是直接賓語，因此句子結構是S+V+IO+DO。故選B。
14. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A. SV (主+謂) B. SVO (主+謂+賓)
C. SVIO DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓) D. SVOC (主+謂+賓+賓補)
【答案】D
【解析】考查基本句型和句子成分。句意：分析以下句子的結構：“我們應該保持教室干凈整潔。”分析句子可知，“We”作主語，“should keep”作謂語，“the classroom”作賓語，“clean and tidy”作賓語補足語，句子為“SVOC (主+謂+賓+賓補)”結構。故選D項。
15. Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He lent me a book.”
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：選擇這個句子“He lent me a book.”的正確結構。分析句子可知，是主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語，故選B。
16. The sentence structure of “He often makes me happy" is ________.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：“他經常讓我開心”的句子結構是“主謂賓賓補”。He是主語，often makes是謂語動詞，me是賓語，happy是賓語補足語。故選C。
17. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我們應該保持教室干凈整潔。分析句子結構可知，本句的主語是we，謂語動詞是should keep，賓語是the classroom，形容詞clean and tidy作賓語補足語。所以整個句子的結構為主謂賓補。故選D。
18. We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.該句子結構為
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我們應該保持教室干凈和整潔。A. SV主謂；B. SVO主謂賓；C. SV IO DO主謂雙賓語；D. SVOC主謂賓賓補。分析句子可知，we作句子主語，should keep作謂語，the classroom作賓語，形容詞clean and tidy作賓語補足語。故選D項。
19. We should remain modest and honest.該句子結構為
A. SVP B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我們應該保持謙虛和誠實。分析句子可知，remain“保持”是系動詞，modest and honest是形容詞作表語，故句子結構為“主系表”結構，A項主系表；B項主謂賓；C項主謂間賓直賓；D項主謂賓補。故選A。
20. The sentence structure of the sentence "You will find English easy to learn."is ________.
(S: subject V: verb O: object C: complement)
S+V+O B. S+V+O1+O2 C. S+V+O+C D. S+V
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：你會發現英語很容易學。句子主語為you，謂語動詞為will find，賓語為English，to learn作賓語補足語。所以本句為主謂賓補結構。故選C。
21. The sentence"We can fly a kite in the park."shares the same structure with________.
A. She saw a white-haired man B. He gave me a smile.
C. He was friendly D. He wrote a letter in the classroom
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子結構。句意：我們可以在公園里放風箏。“We can fly a kite in the park.”這句話的句子結構是：主語+謂語+賓語+狀語。A選項“She saw a white-haired man”這句話的句子結構是：主語+謂語+賓語；B選項“He gave me a smile.”這句話的句子結構是：主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語；C選項“He was friendly”這句話的句子結構是：主語+系動詞+表語；D選項“He wrote a letter in the classroom”他在教室里寫了一封信，這句話的句子結構也是：主語+謂語+賓語+狀語。故選D。
22. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. Lay
【答案】B
【解析】考查謂語動詞。句意：山腳下有許多湖泊。有些大到足以容納幾個城鎮。根據句意可知，此處描述客觀事實，為一般現在時；空格所在句為全倒裝句型，主語many lakes為名詞復數，主謂一致，謂語動詞用原形。故選B項。
23. “The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is “________”.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。分析句子結構可知，本句主語The news；謂語makes；賓語me；賓補feel very happy（此處使用省略to的動詞不定式作賓補），S主語，V謂語，O賓語，P表語,IO間接賓語，DO直接賓語，C補語，故選擇D項。
24. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face.該句中，主句是？
A. with the rapid development of science and technology
B. more and more people believe that...
C. environmental pollution has become a problem
D. we have to face
【答案】. B
【解析】考查賓語從句的判斷和句子成分。句意：隨著科學技術的迅速發展，越來越多的人認為環境污染已經成為我們必須面對的問題了。分析句子可知，“With the rapid development of science and technology”是with的復合結構，在句中作伴隨狀語；“more and more people”做主句中的主語，“believe ”為主句中的謂語，“environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face. ”這是that之后的賓語從句，賓語從句中包含了一個限制性定語從句，先行詞是problem，關系代詞that/ which做賓語，此處省略了；所以“more and more people believe that”就是主句部分。故選B項。
25.“Every morning, I hear the birds sing in the park.”中下劃線部分是什么成分？
A. P B. DO C. C D. IO
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：每天早上，我聽到鳥兒在公園里唱歌。此處主語為I，hear作謂語；the birds為賓語；sing作賓補。故選C。
II. 寫出下列句子所屬的類型
In other words, most of us are anxious about our future.
主語＋系動詞＋表語
Our teacher showed us an impressive experiment just now.
_____________________________________
An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
_____________________________________
The girl talked about her campus life.
_____________________________________
The outgoing girl made her speech impressive.
_____________________________________
The sun was shining.
_____________________________
7. He is designing a new dress carefully.
_____________________________________
There are ten boys in the classroom.
_____________________________________
【答案】
主語＋系動詞＋表語
主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語
主語＋謂語＋狀語
主語＋謂語＋賓語
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語
主語＋謂語
主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語
There be...句型
III. 根據括號內的要求把下面兩句話合并成一句話。
1. We’ve painted the walls. They’re bright yellow. (用“賓語＋賓補”的形式連接兩句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We gave him. We gave a book. (用雙賓語的形式連接兩句)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. We have physics in the classroom. The classroom is new. (用new作定語的形式連接兩句)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. An old man lived in the village many years ago. (用There lived. . . 改寫)
________________________________________________________________________________
1. We’ve painted the walls bright yellow.
2. We gave him a book.
3. We have physics in the new classroom.
4. There lived an old man in the village many years ago.
IV. 語法主題應用
使用本單元所學句子成分和基本句型補全下面的語段
Good morning, everyone! ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (很榮幸→SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and _____ _____ _____ _____ (我十五歲了→SP).
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我來自大連市→SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that ______ ______ ______ ______ (會給你留下深刻印象→SV). English and movies are my favorites ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (它們能幫助我學習和放松→SVOC). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我喜歡交友→SVO), especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我希望能和我的朋友們一起進步→SVOA). Thank you.
【答案】
It’s a great honor; I’m fifteen years old; I come from Dalian city; you will be impressed; which can help me learn and relax; I like making friends; I hope to make progress with my friends
能力提升 突破考點
I. 高考鏈接之單句語法填空
My mom told me how _______ （prepare）it. （2020·新課標I）
Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with ____________ （chopstick）. （2020·新課標I）
3. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______________ (make) over the years. (2019·全國 Ⅱ)
4. They also shared with us many__________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _______ (huge) popular with tourists. (2019·全國Ⅲ)
5. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. (2018·全國Ⅲ)
6. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____________ (stay) and watch. (2018·全國Ⅲ)
7. I still remember ___________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I___________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. (2018·浙江)
【答案】
1. to prepare； 2. chopsticks 3. have made； 4. Traditional; hugely；
5. them 6. to stay 7. visiting；was shocked；
II. 根據中文完成句子。
1. 世界上許多國家正盼望著與中國進行貿易。
Many countries in the world are____________________________ trading with China
2. 不要害怕犯錯誤，因為沒有人一直是對的。
Don't______________________ making mistakes because nobody will be right all the time
3. 越來越多的孩子喜歡和他們的父母去世界各地旅行。
More and more children like to travel______________________ with their parents.
4. 未來污染將會更少。
There will be_____________________ in the future
5. 籃球比賽獲勝時，我為他們的成功感到驕傲。
I was proud of their success_______________________________ the basketball match
6. 當別人犯錯誤時，嘲笑他們是不禮貌的。
It’s impolite to___________________ others when they make mistakes
7. 盡管蒂姆很小，但是他至少可以說兩種外語。
Although Tim is young, he can speak_______________ two foreign languages
8. 我們全家都喜歡在這家餐廳吃火鍋，它以良好的服務出名。
All my family like to eat hotpot at this restaurant. It____________________ its good service.
9. 我們讀的好書越多，精神方面就越富有。
The more good books we read, ________________ we will be in spirit.
10. 分發試卷前，學生們應該保持安靜。
The students are supposed to keep quiet____________________________________________.
【答案】
1. looking forward to
2. be afraid of
3. around the world
4. less pollution
5. when they won
6. laugh at/make fun of
7. at least
8. is famous for
9. the richer
10. before the papers are handed out
微寫作·整句翻譯。
1. 幫助學生了解中國傳統藝術是必要的。
__________________________________________
2. 他是一位多么友好的老師啊!
__________________________________________
3. 媽媽告訴我們不要摘花。
__________________________________________
4. 他完成這項任務用了好幾周時間。
__________________________________________
5. 這些橘子多么新鮮啊!
__________________________________________
6. 我爸爸是一個能使別人開心的人。
__________________________________________
7. 這是多么有用的信息啊!
__________________________________________
8. 你最好鼓勵你的孩子養成一個好的閱讀習慣。
__________________________________________
9. 努力學習，你的夢想就會實現。
__________________________________________
10. 據說考試后我們會舉辦一場盛大的派對。
__________________________________________
11. 這輛自行車出故障了。
___________________________________________
12當我們有不同意見時，我們應該互相理解。
___________________________________________
13. 有志者，事竟成。
____________________________________________
14. 她是我們學校最受歡迎的老師之一。
____________________________________________
15. 我發現要記住所有的新單詞很難。
____________________________________________
【答案】
1. It's necessary to help students (to) learn/know about traditional Chinese art.
2. What a friendly teacher he is！
3. My mother tells/told us not to pick flowers.
4. It took him several/a few weeks to finish the task.
5. How fresh these oranges are/What fresh oranges they are.
6. My father is a person that/who can make others happy.
7. How useful the information is/What useful information it is.
8. You'd better encourage your child to form/develop a good reading habit.
9. Work hard, and your dream will come true.
10. It is said that we will hold a great/big party after the exam.
11. There is/was something wrong with this bike/bicycle
12. When we have different ideas, we should understand each other
13. Where there is a will, there is a way.
14. She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
15. I find it hard/difficult to remember all the new words/I find(that )it is hard/difficult to remember all the new words.
IV. 語法填空（高考必考題型）
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
About 15 years ago, Andrew McAtee, a businessman and cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s son. The 12-year-old boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a rare disease, a buildup of liquid in the brain _1 _ often causes imbalance.
When he got home, McAtee went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child _2 _ balance problems. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. _3 _ there was more. “To see his son cycling with other kids,”McAtee says, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face. ”
That smile started the McAtee Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with some clinics _4 _ (find) children who can benefit from owning _5 _ adaptive bike-and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. The bikes are expensive-S3, 000 to S4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s discount. For kids 6 (luck) enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
So far, the foundation _7 (give) away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of _8 _ (company),“McAtee says. “But _ 9 (get)these kids their bikes is _10 (important) thing that I do. ”
【答案】
that/which 2. with 3. But 4. to find 5. an 6. lucky
7. has given 8. companies 9. getting/to get 10. the most important
【導語】
本文是一篇記敘文。講述了商人兼自行車運動員安德魯·麥卡蒂在幫助朋友的孩子找一輛合適的自行車的啟發下，啟動了麥卡蒂家庭基金會幫助更多有特殊需求的孩子的故事。
1. 考查定語從句。句意：這位12歲的男孩從未體驗過騎自行車的樂趣，因為他患有一種罕見的疾病，這種疾病是大腦中液體的積聚，經常導致失衡。分析句子結構可知，此處使用了限制性定語從句，先行詞為a buildup of liquid指物，在從句中作主語，關系詞使用that/which，故填that/which。
2. 考查介詞。句意：回到家后，麥卡蒂上網找到了一輛帶安全帶的三輪自行車，非常適合有平衡問題的孩子。結合句意可知，此處想要表達的是有平衡問題的孩子，with表示“具有”符合題意，故填with。
3. 考查連詞。句意：但還有更多。根據上文語境可知，男孩和同齡人一起騎車有很多好處，下文說還有更多的好處，此處使用轉折連詞but符合題意，位于句首，注意首字母大寫，故填But。
4. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：在捐款的資助下，該組織與一些診所合作，尋找能夠從擁有一輛自適應自行車中受益的兒童，并幫助制作每輛自行車以滿足兒童的特殊需求。分析句子結構可知，句中已含有一個謂語動詞，且沒有連接詞，此處使用非謂語動詞，結合句意可知，此處使用不定式作目的狀語符合題意，故填to find。
5. 考查冠詞。句意：在捐款的資助下，該組織與一些診所合作，尋找能夠從擁有一輛自適應自行車中受益的兒童，并幫助制作每輛自行車以滿足兒童的特殊需求。分析句子結構可知，bike可數名詞單數表泛指，前邊缺少不定冠詞，adaptive以元音音素開頭，要使用不定冠詞an，故填an。
6. 考查形容詞。句意：對于有幸得到一個的孩子來說，他們是改變生活的人。分析句子結構可知，此處使用形容詞短語作后置定語，故填lucky。
7. 考查動詞時態。句意：到目前為止，基金會已經捐贈了450輛自行車，這只是一個開始。根據時間狀語so far“到目前為止”可知，此處要使用現在完成時，主語為第三人稱單數，故填has given。
8. 考查名詞。句意：我經營很多公司。根據上文的a lot of可知此處要使用可數名詞復數，故填companies。
9. 考查非謂語動詞。句意：但讓這些孩子騎自行車是我做的最重要的事情。分析句子結構可知，此處可以使用動名詞或不定式作主語，故填getting/to get。
10. 考查形容詞最高級。句意：但讓這些孩子騎自行車是我做的最重要的事情。結合句意，可知此處想要表達的是讓這些孩子騎上自行車是所有事情中最重要的事情，要使用形容詞的最高級，故填the most important。

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