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2025人教版中考英語 語法專項突破 專題二 動詞
課前知識梳理
考點感知
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1. (2024 北京改編)— What did you do last Saturday, Tina
—I (go) to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.
(2024 北京改編)— Amy, you didn't answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing
— Sorry, I didn't hear the ring. I (read) a book in my study.
3. 跨學科·物理》》(2024 江蘇揚州改編) If salt is (spread) on to the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
4.(2024 江蘇蘇州改編) As the host city, Suzhou will manage (make) the 2026 ISF Football World Cup a great success.
5. 體育賽事 》》(2024 成都改編) What exciting news! The 2025 World Games will (hold) in Chengdu.
6.(2024 安徽改編) The Shenzhou-17 team (hand) over their work to theShenzhou-18 team on April 28th.
7.(2024 四川廣安改編) My sister Tina often (collect) litter with some volunteers in the park.
8. 一帶一路 》》(2024 四川遂寧改編)—— Do you know anything about the One Belt One Road
— Yes, it has (be) over 10 years since it started.
9.(2024 廣西改編) Listen! The birds (sing) in the tree now.
10.(2024 甘肅白銀改編) No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can (solve) in the end.
11.— Where is Lucy
— She ( ask) to go to the teachers’ office by our Chinese teacher a moment ago.
Ⅱ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞填入各題空白處。有一項為多余。
1.(2024 河北改編)—— Look! Is that girl Alice
— No, it be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now.
2.(2024 天津改編) It not be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
3.(2024 福建改編) You must the traffic rules when riding a bike.
4.(2024 成都改編) Having an ice-cream in the hot summer be cool.
5.(2024 四川樂山改編) The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng(《學習雷鋒好榜樣》) didn't the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
Ⅲ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
(2024天津)我們可以一起參加討論。
We can the discussion together.
2.(2024陜西改編)如果你想乘坐公交車，地圖小程序能告訴你選擇哪一路車。
If you want to bus, map apps can tell you which one to choose.
3.(2024 重慶 B卷)我們應該學會照顧自己。
We should learn to ourselves.
4.(2024 安徽改編)開始時可能會遇到一些麻煩，但最后都會好起來的。
There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will well in the end.
傳統文化》》(2024 四川廣元改編)春節期間，中國人通常會在家門口倒貼“福”字。
During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually the Chinese character“福” upside down on the front door of a house.
考點梳理
考點一 動詞詞義辨析
針對訓練
Ⅰ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞并用其正確形式填空。
1.(2024江蘇揚州一模改編) The forest lots of oxygen and helps cool the weather.
2. In the past, many rivers were seriously, but now they are cleaned up.
3. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
4. We are to make our city cleaner and more beautiful.
Ⅱ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞填入各題空白處。
1. The soup a little salty, there is no need to add more salt.
2. This like a good idea.
3. She aims to a computer expert.
Ⅲ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.公司任命他為經理。
The company manager.
2.她昨天給我買了一件禮物。
She me a yesterday.
3.幸運的是，沒有人受傷，但大火的煙直升到空中。
Luckily, no one was hurt, but the smoke from the fire straightly in the air.
考點二 動詞短語
類別 示例
動詞+副詞 add up 合計 come in 進入,進來 cut down 砍倒 come on 加油;快點 cut off 切斷 cut up 切碎 eat up 吃光,吃完 fall behind 落在······后面 find out 發現;查明 get together 聚會,聚集 get up 起床 give away 分發;贈送 give back 歸還,送回 give in 屈服 give up 放棄 go away 走開,離去 go on 繼續 grow up 長大成人,成長 look ahead 向前看 look up 查找 look out 當心 pick up 拾起,撿起;接送 put off 推遲 put on 穿;戴上;上演;增加(體重)
put up 舉起;張貼;搭建 stay up 熬夜 take up 占據;從事 take down 寫下;記下 take in 吸入;吞入(體內) take off 脫下;起飛 turn down 聲音調小;拒絕 turn in 上交 turn on 打開 turn off 關閉 wake up 喚醒,醒來
動詞 + 介詞 learn from 向……學習 agree with 贊同,同意(某人的看法) arrive at/ in 到達 ask for 請求;詢問 belong to 屬于 come from 來自…… deal with 處理;對付 depend on/ upon 依靠;依賴 get over 克服 get to 到達 go by 走過,經過 go over仔細檢查;復習 laugh at 嘲笑…… look after 照顧 look at 看······,觀看······ look for 尋找 look like 看起來像 stand for 代表(某事物);支持 stick to 堅持 talk about 談論,議論 think about 考慮 think of 想起,想出;認為 wait for 等待
動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞 add up to 加起來總計 catch up with 趕上 come up with 想出 get along with 相處 keep away from 遠離 keep up with 跟上;和······保持聯系 look forward to 盼望 look out of 朝 外看 make up of 由······組成,構成 run out of 耗盡
[注意]
對于“動詞+副詞”類的短語，如果是名詞作賓語，那么這個名詞既可以放在短語中間也可以放在短語的后面，但是如果是代詞作賓語，則代詞一定要放在短語中間。如：
He turned off all the lights when he left.當他離開時，他關掉了所有的燈。
He picked it up and gave it to me.他撿起它,然后把它交給了我。
針對訓練
根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.(2024江蘇無錫改編)我知道你很忙，我不會占用你太多的時間。
I know how busy you are and I won't too much of your time.
2.傳統文化》》(2024 四川瀘州改編)當你穿上馬面裙，你會感受到中國傳統服裝的美。
When you Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China's traditional clothing.
3.(2024云南改編)學生們分組解決數學課上的難題。
The students worked in groups to the difficult problem in the math class.
4.(2024四川達州改編)——可可，我不明白這個詞的意思。
——你最好在字典里查一下這個詞。
—— Coco, I can't understand the meaning of this word.
—— You’ d better the word in your dictionary.
5.(2024江蘇連云港改編)為了過上綠色生活，我們應該記得在離開房間時關燈。
To live a green life, we should remember to the lights when we leave a room.
6.(2024 貴州黔東南一模)去年，那位老人把自己所有的錢都捐給了貧困地區的人們。
The old man all his money to the people in poor areas last year.
7.(2024 甘肅白銀改編)我爺爺為了健康決定戒煙。
My grandpa decided to smoking for his health.
8.(2024云南改編)我想成為一名宇航員，我希望我的夢想在未來能夠實現。
I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will in the future.
9.結果是他跟這個案件無關。
It that he had nothing to do with the case.
10.凱特努力學習是為了不讓父母失望。
Kate studies hard in order not to her parents .
11.錢學森拒絕了留美工作的機會并在他44歲的時候回國了。
Qian Xuesen the chance to stay in the United States and came back to China when he was 44.
考點三 情態動詞
情態動詞 意義及用法 例句
may 表示請求、許可，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑問句的否定回答為 can't 或 mustn't。 —— May I go out and play football — No, you can't/mustn't.
表 推 測，意思 是“可能”。 Mr. Li may be at home.
might may 的過去式，表示請求、許可，語氣比may 更委婉。 Might I use your dictionary
Can (could) 表示能力，意思是“能，會”，否定形式為 can't(couldn't)。 Mike can speak a little Chinese. I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑問句中，表示征求意見, could 比can 的語氣更委婉、客氣。 Could you tell me something about your school
表推測，常用在否定句和疑問句中。 He can't be at home.He has gone to Japan.
can 用于一般現在時及一般過去時兩種時態, be able to 可以用于各種時態。 He can spell these words. He has been able to draw pictures already.
must 表示義務、命令或要求，意思是“必須，應該”，否定 形 式 為mustn't,意思是“不準,不允許”，表示警告。 You must be careful next time.You mustn't take photos here.
表示推測，意為“必定”。 He must be in the room.
表示說話人的主觀意愿。 I must go home now.
must引導的一般疑問句,肯定回答用 must,have to;否定回答用needn't 或 don't have to。 — Must I finish the homework today — No, you needn't/you don't have to.
need 表示必要性，多用于否定句或疑問句。 He needn't worry about it.
作實義動詞，后接動詞不定式。 I'm very tired and I need to have a rest.
should/ shouldn't 表示勸告或建議，意為“應該”，否定形式為shouldn't, 意為“不應該”。 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
表示征詢意見，常用于疑問句中。 What should we remember to do during our exchange visit
針對訓練
根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的情態動詞填入各題空白處。每詞限用一次。
第一組
1.(2024 江蘇鎮江改編) With the help of modern technology, now people enjoy the proudest moment when China's first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space.
2.(2024 江蘇無錫改編) Shh...! This is a library. You keep your voice down.
3.(2024 四川瀘州改編)— Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday
— Not yet. I volunteer at the old people's home.
4. According to the traffic rules, children under 12 ride bicycles on the road.
5. The lovely boy ride the bike at the age of six.
6. I like to see a magic show in the evening.
第二組
1.(2024 山東菏澤改編)— Whose volleyball this
—— It be Lucy's. She loves volleyball.
2.(2024 吉林長春改編) Lili be at home She has gone to the farm to pick apples.
3.— Is Tony coming to the book show this Sunda
——I'm not sure. He come.
考點四 動詞的時態
時態 基本結構&時間標志詞 常見用法&例句
一般 現在時 結構 ①主語+ am/ is/ are ②主語+動詞原形/動 詞單三形式 1.表示現階段經常性、習慣性的動作，常與頻度副詞連用。 例句: She usually cleans up her room.她經常打掃她的房間。 例句:I like doing sports.我喜歡鍛煉。 2.表示普遍真理、客觀存在、科學事實或格言警句。 例句: The sun rises from the east.太陽從東邊升起。 3.主將從現。在時間、條件等狀語從句中，從句用一般現在時表將來。 例句: The old woman will be happy if her son goes home. 如果老婦人的兒子能回家，她會感到開心。 4.表示按計劃或安排好的將要發生的動作，用一般現在時表將來，但僅限于 start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive 等詞。 例句: The meeting starts at three this afternoon. 會議今天下午三點開始。
標志詞 1.頻度副詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly ever 2. 頻率詞組: once a year, twice a month,three times a day等 3.其他詞組： on Sundays, at/ on weekends, every day/ year
一般 過去時 結構 ①主語+ was/ were ②主語+動詞過去式 1.表示過去某個時間里所發生的動作或存在的狀態。 例句: We went to the shopping mall last week. 我們上周去了商場。 2.表示過去經常性或習慣性的動作,常與 always, usually, often,sometimes, never等頻度副詞連用。 例句: He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn't understand anything. 每當我有什么不明白的地方,他總是花時間給我解釋清楚。 3.在since 引導的時間狀語從句中，主句用現在完成時，從句用一般過去時。 例句: She has worked in the city since she graduated from university. 她從大學畢業后就一直在這個城市工作。 4.有些句子中沒有明確表示過去的時間狀語，但實際上是指過去發生的動作或存在的狀態，應當用一般過去時。 例句: What was the final score 最終比分是多少 (說話時比分已經出來了)
標志詞 1. ago; 2. yesterday; 3. last night/ week/month; 4. just now, in the past, in + 過去年份等； 5. at the age of …,used to ...; 6. one day, long long ago, once upon a time
一般 將來時 結構 ①主語 + will/ shall +動詞原形(表示對未來事實或將來的預測) ②主語+ be going to +動詞原形(表示打算、計劃、愿意做某事，也可用來表示自然現象) ③主語 + be + doing (動詞現在分詞) 1.表示將來發生的動作或存在的狀態。 例句: Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.一些科學家相信未來會有更多的機器人。 2. be going to +動詞原形，表示計劃、打算做某事，表示已決定的、很可能發生的事，或有某種跡象表明要發生的事。 例句: He is going to take a travel next week. 他打算下周去旅行。 3. be doing,表示將來,常用于這種結構的動詞有 go, come, leave,stay, start, begin等,表示即將發生或安排好要做的事情。 例句: He is coming. 他來了。 4. “be about to+動詞原形”和“be to +動詞原形”結構,表示即將發生的動作。 例句: William and Lucy are to be married in August. 威廉和露西將在八月份結婚。 He calls at an inopportune moment, when we are about to go out.他 打來得真不是時候，我們正準備外出。 5.表示某種必然的趨勢。 例句: Fish will die without water.魚沒有水會死。 6.祈使句+and/or+含有將來時的句子。 例句: Hurry up, or we will miss the bus. 快點，否則我們會錯過公交車。 7.主將從現。用在由 if, unless, as soon as, when, once, until 等引導的時間狀語和條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時表將來。 例句: We will hang out, if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我們就出去玩。
標志詞 1. tomorrow, soon,later, tonight; 2. next week/ month; 3. in a week, in +將來 年份, in +一段 時間； 4. one day, in the(near) future
現在 進行時 結構 主語 + am/ is/ are +動 詞現在分詞 1.表示說話人說話時正在進行的動作。 例句: The students are listening to the teacher. 學生們正在聽老師講課。 2.表示現階段正在進行的動作或持續的狀態。 例句:I'm reading a history book this month. 我這個月正在讀一本歷史書。 3.表示計劃或安排好的將來要做的事情。 例句: Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow. 勞拉明天乘飛機去香港。 4. go, come, leave, fly, start, arrive, meet, move, begin, stop等動詞用現在進行時表將來。 例句: Keep calm, please! I'm arriving. 請保持冷靜！我馬上就到了。
標志詞 1. now, right now; 2. at present, at this time, at the/ this moment等; 3. these days; 4. when, while; 5. Look! / Listen!
時態 基本結構&時間標志詞 常見用法&例句
過去 進行時 結構 主語 + was/ were + 動詞現在分詞 1.表示過去某個時刻正在進行的動作。 例句:I was watching TV at nine last night. 昨天晚上九點我正在看電視。 2.表示兩個過去的動作同時進行。 ①When 引導的時間狀語從句中，從句用一般過去時，主句用過去進行時，表示一個動作發生時，另一個動作正在進行。 例句: When he called me, I was having dinner. 當他給我打電話時，我正在吃晚飯。 ②While 引導的時間狀語從句中，主句與從句均用過去進行時，表示兩個動作在某一時刻同時進行。 例句:I was doing my homework while my sister was watching TV.當我妹妹在看電視時，我在做作業。 3.過去進行時常和 always 等頻度副詞連用，表示過去頻繁發生的習慣性動作，此時的過去進行時帶有一定的感彩。 例句: Alice was always changing her mind. 愛麗絲總是改變主意。(表示抱怨)
標志詞 1. then; 2. at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday 等; 3. when/ while 引導的表示過去時間狀語的從句。
現在 完成時 結構 主語 + have/ has + 動詞過去分詞 1.已完成用法：表示過去發生的動作或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。 例句:— Have you had your lunch yet 你吃過午飯了嗎 — Yes, I have. I' ve just had it.是的,吃過了。我剛吃完。 2.未完成用法：表示從過去開始持續到現在的動作或狀態，也許還要持續下去，常和 for， since 連用，表示持續的動作或狀態，注意動詞必須為延續性動詞。如果動詞是短暫性的，需轉換為相應的延續性動詞。(見補充與拓展表格) 例句: He has kept my dictionary for two days. 他拿著我的字典已經兩天了。 3.特殊用法： (1) have gone to“去了某地”(強調去了,還未回來) have been to“去過某地”(強調去過,已經回來) have been in“在······待······;已經在某地”(強調一直待在某地,常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用)。 例句: Mary has gone to Hong Kong. 瑪麗去香港了。(現在還沒回來) Mary has been to Hong Kong twice. 瑪麗去過香港兩次。(現在已經回來了) Mary has been in Hong Kong for two years. 瑪麗已經在香港待了兩年了。 (2)短暫性動詞(瞬間動詞)可用于完成時，但不能與時間段(for，since)連用，如果句中有時間段，需要將短暫性動詞轉換為延續性動詞。
標志詞 1. already, ever, before,never, just, yet, still; 2. recently, lately, so far, up to/ till now; 3. in the past/ last three years; 4. since 1998, since +時間點； 5. for three years, for+一段時間
補充與拓展
1.現在完成時中常見的非延續性動詞與延續性動詞。
非延續性動詞 延續性動詞
come be here
go be there
begin/ start be on
finish be over
close be closed
open be open
leave be away
die be dead
marry be married
join be in
arrive/ reach be
buy have
borrow keep
lose not have
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
catch a cold have a cold
針對訓練
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.(2024 北京改編)A lot of people in China (travel) by high-speed train every year.
2.(2024 山東濟寧改編)I am going (cook) a meal for Dad on Father's Day.
3.(2024 江蘇揚州) Elena (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window.
4. 團隊合作)》》(2024 江 蘇 常 州 改 編 ) The teacher often ( encourage)students to work closely with each other.
5.(2024 四川雅安改編) All the students (have) a P. E. lesson on the playground now.
6.(2024 甘肅臨夏) Peter (have)supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
7.(2024 江蘇南京二模改編) How time flies! Our junior high (come) to an end.
8.(2024 貴州黔東南二模改編)Confucius was a famous educator. His ideas (influence) many people.
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.(2024江蘇鎮江改編)到目前為止，一些方言已經使用了數千年。它們充滿了當地的色彩。
So far, some of the dialects in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.
2.(2024福建改編)昨天我看到小王時，他正在幫助一位老人過馬路。
When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he an old man cross the road.
3. 跨學科·地理 >地球繞著太陽轉。
The earth the sun.
4.如果你不抓緊趕上大家，你就會落在我們后面。
If you don't catch up, you behind us.
5.桑迪自從參加了那部電影的試演，就癡迷于表演。
Sandy has been crazy about acting since she for that film.
6.以前，李華在背誦長詩時總是很困難。
In the past, Li Hua always in reciting long poems.
7.史密斯先生來中國半年了，他已經適應了這里的生活。
Mr. Smith has China for half a year and he has been used to the life here.
8.我的父母總是把我和別的孩子比較。
My parents are always me other children.
9.(2024 江蘇無錫三模)我想知道這本書他借多久了。
I wonder how long he the book.
考點五 動詞的語態
時態 主動語態 被動語態 例句
主動語態 被動語態
一般 現在時 do/ does am/ is/ are + done We clean the classroom every day. 我們每天打掃教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day.教室每天被我們打掃。
一般 過去時 did was/ were + done He wrote the book. 他 寫 的這本書。 The book was written by him. 這本書是他寫的。
時態 主動語態 被動語態 例句
主動語態 被動語態
一般 將來時 will/ shall/ be going to + do will/ shall/ be going to + be done They will plant trees tomorrow. 他 們明天將要植樹。 Trees will be planted by themtomorrow.明天樹將要被他們種植。
含有情態動詞 can/ may/ must/ should + do can/ may/ must/ should + be done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.我們不應該把廢紙扔在這兒。 Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here.廢紙不應該被扔在這兒。
補充與拓展
1.常見主動語態變被動語態的特殊情況
主動語態中有些感官動詞,如 hear, see, watch,notice等,和使役動詞,如 make, let等,后用不帶 to 的不定式作賓語補足語，變為被動語態時，要把不定式符號 to 還原。
例句: hear/ see sb. do sth.
→sb. be heard/ seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
2.使用被動語態的情況
(1)不知道動作的執行者是誰；
例句: Rice is grown in the south of China.
水稻在中國南方種植。
(2)沒有必要指出動作的執行者；
例句: Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.加油站不允許吸煙。
(3)需要強調或突出動作的承受者；
例句: Your work must be finished today.
你(們)的工作今天必須完成。
(4)出于禮貌措辭等原因而不愿意說出動作的執行者；
例句: My glass was broken this morning.
我的玻璃杯今天早上被摔碎了。
(5)動作的發出者不是人；
例句: Many houses were washed away by the floods.許多房屋被洪水沖走了。
(6)主動結構表示被動意義的情況；
①動詞 open, read, sell, write, lock, cut, burn等詞作不及物動詞，且主語為物時；
例句: This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
②某些系動詞(如 smell, look, taste, feel, sound等)描述某物特性時；
例句: Mooncakes taste delicious.
月餅嘗起來很美味。
③be worth doing中, doing表示被動意義;
例句: This book is worth reading.
這本書值得一讀。
④need/ require + doing相當于 need/ require to be done。
例句: Your car needs washing. = Your car needs to be washed.你的汽車需要清洗了。
針對訓練
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1. 文化自信》》(2024 北京改編) Chinese is (speak) by more and more people around the world these days.
2. 著名人物》》(2024 天津改編) Lao She wrote many plays and he was (name) “the People's Artist”.
3.(2024 廣東廣州改編)A lot of fun games will be (hold) on the Sports Day in our school next week.
4.(2024 山東濱州三模改編) The students all wonder if the English Festival will be (cancel) if there is a heavy snow next week.
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.(2024貴州黔東南二模)如果你將原圖發到群聊里，你的家庭地址將被泄露。
If you post original photos to the group chats,your home address will be .
2.我的同學每年都給貧困地區的孩子們送新衣服和新鞋子。
New clothes and shoes children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
3.很多父母在幾天前受邀去觀看他們孩子的表演。
Many parents to watch their kids' performances a few days ago.
4.(2024 山東棗莊一模)一切都值得嘗試，只要你傾注全力。
Everything is as long as you put your effort in it.
考點六 動詞的非謂語形式
1.動詞不定式
(1)構成:
①基本形式:a. to +動詞原形;b.省略 to 的不定式
②否定形式: not(to) do sth.
(2)不定式的功能和用法
功能 用法 例句
作主語 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數；為保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主語，將真正的主語——動詞不定式后置。 It's good for you to take exercise. 對 你 而 言 鍛 煉 是 有益的。
作賓語 ①及物動詞+動詞不定式 ②賓語后有賓語補足語，常用 it 作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語后置。 I decide to finish my homework first. 我 決 定 先 完 成 我 的作業。 She finds it difficult to finish the job by herself.她發現獨自完成這項工作很困難。
作狀語 表目的，常見的短語: in order to, so as to, only to do等。 He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去圖書館借了幾本書。
表結果，常見短語：enough to do sth.,too ... to do sth. ,so … as to 等。 Paul is too excited to say anything. 保羅激動得說不出話。
表原因 I'm sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 聽說你媽媽生病了我很難過。
作賓 語補 足語 “動詞 +賓語 +不定式”結構中，不定式做賓語補足語。與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關系，賓語補足語一般為賓語所做的動作。 My English teacher advises us to remember English words every day.我的英語老師建議我們每天都要記單詞。
補充與拓展
1.常見接不定式作賓語的動詞(v. + to do sth.)
want 想要 forget忘記
refuse 拒絕 need 需要
try 嘗試 learn 學習
like 喜歡 agree 同意
help 幫助 hope/ wish希望
decide決定 begin/ start 開始
choose 選擇 expect 期待
fail 失敗 afford 負擔得起
manage 設法做到 plan 計劃
prepare 準備 promise 承諾
2.常見接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞(v.+ sb. + to do sth.)
advise 建議 allow 允許
ask 問 expect期待
remind 提醒 encourage 鼓勵
invite 邀請 order命令
teach 教 tell 告訴
want想要 warn 警告
wish 希望 would like 想要
persuade 勸告 force 強迫
根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
3.疑問詞+不定式
不定式可以和疑問代詞 who, what, which 以及疑問副詞 when, how, where連用構成不定式短語，在句中充當主語、賓語、表語等成分。
例句：
①When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.
什么時候去北京還沒定下來。(作主語)
②I haven't decided when to leave for Beijing.
我還沒決定什么時候去北京。(作賓語)
③My question is how to go to Beijing.
我的問題是如何去北京。(作表語)
4.使用動詞不定式的主要句型
(1) It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth.
某人花費多長時間做某事
(2) It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
是做某事的時候了
(3) It's one's turn to do sth.
輪到某人做某事
(4) It is + adj. +(for sb. ) to do sth.
做某事(對某人來說)……
(5) find/ think/ feel it + adj. + to do sth. 發現/認為/感到做某事……
(6) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事而不愿做某事
(7) too... to...太……以致于不能……
(8) adj. + enough+ to do sth.
足夠/足以……做某事
2.動詞的-ing 形式
(1)構成:①肯定形式:動詞原形+-ing;
②否定形式: not+v.-ing
(2)句法功能
功能 例句
主語 動詞的-ing形式在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.
賓語 I finished doing my homework.
表語 The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
定語 She is reading in the reading room.
賓語補足語 He kept the machine running for ten hours.
狀語 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
特例清單
1.英語中一些詞(組)后常跟動名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞(組)有: finish(完成), mind(介意), be worth(值得), be busy(忙于), practice(練習), have fun(玩得高興), feel like(想要), be used to(習慣于), consider(考慮), enjoy(喜歡)。
2.幾組動詞接不定式及動名詞辨析：
(1) stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事
(2) forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)
forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)
(3) remember doing sth.記得做過某事(事情已做)
remember to do sth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)
(4) try doing sth.嘗試著去做某事
try to do sth.設法或努力去做某事
(5) regret doing sth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)
(6) mean doing sth.意味著做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
3.動詞的-ed形式
(1)句法功能
功能 例句
作表語 We were delighted to receive your email.
作定語 She had a pleased look on her face.
作賓語補足語 We all wished the problem settled.
作狀語 Mr. Smith, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.
(2)動詞的-ing形式與動詞的-ed形式作定語和作表語時的區別
①作定語時，動詞的-ing形式與被修飾詞之間是主動關系，而動詞的-ed形式與被修飾詞之間是被動關系。
如:a moving story 一個感人的故事
the moved people 被感動的人
②作表語時，動詞的-ing形式與主語之間是主動關系，而動詞的-ed形式與主語之間是被動關系。
如: The job was interesting.這份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他對這份工作感興趣。
針對訓練
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.(2024 江蘇宿遷改編) By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in (find)the shopping mall.
2.(2024 黑龍江綏化改編) My little brother suggested (go) for a walk.
3. Father had his car (repair) in the 4Sshop last week.
4. (eat) too much sweet food will make people get fat.
5. Our government has done a lot to protect the environment. Lots of ( pollute)rivers are much cleaner now.
6. He spoke louder to make himself (hear).
7. Loving nature is (love) ourselves.
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.(2024江蘇無錫一模改編)由于事情太多，他已經習慣了熬夜到很晚。
He has been used to late because of too much work.
2.我們要避免過多依賴手機。
We should avoid mobile phones too much.
3.要記得對幫助過你的人心存感激。
be thankful to the people who have helped you.
4.據說那些從月球上帶回來的巖石下周將在科技館被展覽。
It's the rocks which were brought back from the moon would be on show in the science museum next week.
5.在國外學習的青少年在上第一堂課時可能會發現一些令人驚訝的事情。
Teenagers may find something surprising when they have the first class.
6.(2024甘肅定西一模)不要買任何象牙制造的東西。
中小學教育資源及組卷應用平臺
Don't buy anything ivory.21世紀教育網(www.21cnjy.com)
參考答案
考點感知
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.went 2.spread 3.to make 4.be held 5. handed 6.collects
5.been 6.are singing 7. be solved 8. was asked
Ⅱ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞填入各題空白處。有一項為多余。
1.can't 2.may 3.follow 4. must 5. expect
Ⅲ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.join in 2.take a 3.look after / care for 4. turn out 5. put up
考點梳理
考點一
Ⅰ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞并用其正確形式填空。
1.produces 2.polluted 3.is 4.trying
Ⅱ.根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的單詞填入各題空白處。
1.tastes 2.seems 3.become
Ⅲ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.appointed him 2. bought gift 3.rose up
考點二
1.take up 2.put on 3.work out 4.look up 5.turn off 6. gave away 7.give up
8.come true 9.out turned 10. let down 11.turned down
考點三
第一組
1.can 2. should 3.may 4.mustn't 5.could 6.would
第二組
1.must 2.can't 3.may
考點四
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.travel 2. to cook 3.dropped 4.encourages 5.are having 6.was having 7.is coming 8.have influenced
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.have been 2.was helping 3.moves round 4.will fall 5.tried out
6.had difficulty 7. been in 8.comparing with 10. has kept
考點五
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.spoken 2.named 3.held 4.cancelled
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.given away 2. are sent 3.were invited 4.worth trying
考點六
Ⅰ.根據語境，在各題空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式。
1.finding 2.going 3.repaired 4.Eating 5.polluted 6.heard 7.loving
Ⅱ.根據中文意思，補全英語譯文。(每空限填一詞，縮寫算一詞)
1.staying up 2.depending on 3.Remember to 4.said that 5.studying abroad 6.made of

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