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Unit 4　Exploring literature知識清單(1)
1．In 1964，Gurnah was forced to(被迫……) leave for(前往) England as a refugee，where he began to reflect on(沉思，認真思考) his experiences in a diary and then through stories.
2．Through the years，he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering(n.折磨；苦難) caused by war and colonialism.
3．Although Gurnah’s first language is Swahili，he adopted(vt.采用；采納) English as his literary language(把英語作為他的文學語言)．
4．Tears have played a surprisingly important part(扮演一個非常重要的角色；起到非常重要的作用) in the history of the novel.
5．As the critic John Mullan points out(正如……指出的那樣)，by the end of[到……結束時，到……時候為止(常與完成時態連用)] the eighteenth century，the word “sentimental” had acquired(vt.獲得) a new meaning “addicted to indulgence(沉溺) in superficial(膚淺的) emotion”．..
6．When it comes to(當談到……) fiction，on the other hand(另一方面)，people often dismiss(v.不予考慮，對某事否定) the idea.
7．Fiction，in contrast(相反)，gives you access to(讓你了解) the struggles，and ideas of various characters.
①have/get/obtain/gain access to擁有……的機會；可以接近；進入 give access to準許進入(接近) ②accessible adj.可到達的；易懂的；隨和的 be accessible to可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的
8．Throughout(prep.貫穿，一整個) his voyage，he experiences many setbacks(遭遇挫折)，and his vision(n.看法，眼力) of the treasure changes.
9．They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight budget(預算緊張)．
10．It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.(對我來說，能夠幫助把這個家庭重新團聚在一起感覺真的很棒。)
11．In 2001，his passion for(對……的熱情) China’s traditional and modern art brought him to Beijing，and he has been working there ever since(自從)．
12．When talking about(當談到……) how he carries out his work(執行工作)，Ragione said he designs the picture in his mind first，and then follows the instincts (本能) of his body to finish the job.
13．He has witnessed(vt.當場見到；目擊) the great changes that have taken place(＝happen發生) here: streets have become more lively，buses are more advanced(adj.高級的；先進的)，and traveling by subway has become more convenient...
Unit 4　Exploring literature(2)
1．The set(熟詞生義：adj.成套的) menu changes every day，depending on what(引導賓語從句) comes in with the morning’s delivery(n.遞送；投遞；遞送物 deliver v．投遞；運送；接生)．
2．He thinks of them as spaces that shine a light on the dignity of their guests while focusing attention on(集中注意力在) the food-waste problem by turning foods that were otherwise going to be headed toward rubbish bins into Michelin Guide-worthy meals.
3．If you’ve ever emerged(從……出現) from the shower or returned from your walk with a clever idea or a solution to a problem you had been struggling with(省略關系代詞的定語從句)，it may not be a surprise.
4．“By contrast(相比之下)，when you’re working on a demanding(adj.費時費力的) task，the brain’s executive control(EC) systems keep your thinking focused，analytical，and logical(keep＋賓語＋賓補的復合結構)．”
demanding adj.費時費力的，要求高的 The picking activity is physically demanding，but we all felt excited. demand v．強烈要求；需要，需求 demand to do sth要求做某事；demand＋that賓語從句(常用should 表虛擬，should可省略)。 I demanded to see her immediately，but got turned down. Our teacher demanded that all the entries(should) be submitted by Friday. n．要求；需求，需求量 demand and supply需求與供應；be in demand需求大的；on demand 一經要求 meet/satisfy one’s demands滿足某人的要求
5．“A cautionary note：While(引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”) the DM network plays a key role in(在……中起著關鍵作用) the creative process，it is the EC systems that(強調句：It is＋被強調部分＋that/who...) help you to evaluate and apply the creative ideas effectively to(將……運用到) your problems in the real world，” Christoff says.
6．Also，the fertilizers and other chemicals that are used to make paper and for tree farming are acid rain contributors，and they also contribute to(導致；有助于) higher rates of waterway eutrophication.
contribute...to...把……捐給……；投稿 make a contribution to為……做貢獻
7．A huge amount of(大量) solid waste is from packaging and is often thrown away after a while.
修飾不可數名詞表示“大量”的短語：a large amount of/large amounts of a great deal of，a large quantity of/large quantities of
8．While paper cups and dinnerware may seem convenient(adj.方便的 convenience n．方便；便利)，they can harm the environment.
It is convenient for sb to do sth.對某人來說做某事是方便的。 at your earliest convenience 盡早；盡快 for convenience 為了方便起見
9．Attached to the photos were several lines(分詞置于句首引起的全部倒裝) from Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion，an ancient Chinese calligraphy masterpiece by famous Chinese calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

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