資源簡介 Unit 3 Sports and FitnessPart 1 詞匯分層解析基礎詞匯通關詞 匯 含義及拓展medal n.獎章;勛章 a gold medal 金牌;金質獎章fitness n.健康;健壯;適合 fit vi. & vt.合身;合適;符合 vt.安裝adj.健康的;合適的 unfit adj. 不合適的;(身體)不健康的soccer n.足球;足球運動 football n. 足球運動;美式橄欖球stadium n.體育場;運動場boxing n.拳擊(運動)determination n.決心;決定championship n.錦標賽;冠軍賽;冠軍稱號 champion n. 冠軍;優勝者determine vt.決定;確定 determined adj. 堅定的;堅決的 be determined to do eth 下決心做某事captain n.(運動隊)隊長;船長;機長audience n.觀眾;聽眾diet n.規定飲食;日常飲食 vi.節食 go on a diet 節食;減肥 a balanced diet 均衡飲食push-up n.俯臥撐 sit-up n. 仰臥起坐error n.錯誤;差錯 an error in eth 某方面出現錯誤host vt.主辦;主持 n.主人;東道主;節目主持人 【派】 hostess n.女主人;女主持人badminton n.羽毛球運動marathon n.馬拉松賽跑event n.比賽項目;大事;公開活動track n.跑道;足跡;鐵路軌道 vt. & vi.追蹤;跟蹤 track and field 田徑運動 keep track of 了解……的動態;與……保持聯系gym n.健身房;體育館 gymnastics n.體操(訓練)legend n.傳奇故事(或人物);傳說 【派】 legendary adj. 傳奇的athlete n.運動員;運動健兒 【派】 athletic adj. 體育運動的;擅長運動的;健壯的master n.高手;主人 vt.精通;掌握 master's degree 碩士學位glory n.榮譽;光榮;贊美 【派】 glorious adj. 光榮的;輝煌的sweat vt.使出汗;出汗弄濕 vi.出汗;流汗 n.汗水;出汗【派】 sweaty adj.滿是汗的cheat vi.作弊;舞弊 vt.欺騙;蒙騙 n.欺騙手段;騙子 cheat Sb (out) of eth 從某人處騙得某物jog vi.慢跑 n.慢跑jogging n.慢跑鍛煉 go jogging慢跑ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪 n.滑雪板 skiing n.滑雪(運動) go skiing 去滑雪graceful adj.優美的;優雅的 grace n.優雅positive adj.積極的;正面的;樂觀的;肯定的 【反】 negative adj.消極的;負面的slim adj.苗條的;單薄的 【比較級】 slimmerapart adv.分離;分開;成碎片 fall apart 破裂;破碎;崩潰rather adv.相當;有點兒rather than 而不是 or rather更確切地說million bum.一百萬 billion bum.十億come along 跟隨;到達;進步;趕快work out 鍛煉;計算出;解決;制訂出;設法弄懂set an example (for/to…) (為……)樹立榜樣lose heart 喪失信心;泄氣even if/though 即使;雖然now and then 有時;偶爾from time to time 有時;偶爾探究詞匯提高make it獲得成功;準時到達教材原句P37 You can make it! 你可以成功的!Building such a bridge over the bay was a hard c crack, but the local government made it within years.在海灣上建造這樣一座橋是一件困難的事情,但當地政府在兩年內完成了。[江蘇]She made it to the airport just in time to catch her plane.她及時趕到機場,剛好搭上了班機。聯想拓展含有 make的其他常用短語be made from... 由······制成make up 組成;構成make up for 彌補;補償make out (勉強)看出;聽出;辨認出;理解make fun of 取笑;嘲弄;拿……開玩笑make use of 利用(use 前可加形容詞進行修飾,如good、full等)I could just make out a figure in darkness. 黑暗中,我只能隱約看見有個人影。The poem is so complicated that I can't make ousts meaning.這首詩太復雜,我理解不了它的意思。honour n.榮譽;尊敬;榮幸教材原句 P38 As a player, Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country.作為一名運動員,郎平為她的國家帶來了榮譽和光榮。常見用法 in honour of bin Mb's honour 為了表示對某人的崇敬;為了紀念某人show honour to Sb 向某人表示尊敬have the honour of doing eth 有幸做某事it is an honour to do eth 很榮幸做某事It is a great honour to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.被邀請參加奧運會的開幕式是一大榮幸。vt.尊重;尊敬;給予……榮譽;表彰常用搭配 be fell honored to do eth 做某事感到榮幸honourable Sb forthwith eth 用某物表彰某人/因某事表彰某人be honored as……被尊稱為……● Bhang Chongqing has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.自東漢以來,張仲景一直被尊為醫學大師。聯想詞 honourable adj.光榮的;值得尊敬的;品德高尚的injuredadj.受傷的;有傷的教材原句P38 One of the best players had been injured, and the team captain had to causeless of heart problems.最好的球員之一受傷了,隊長也因為心臟問題不得不離隊。Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital.救護車把傷者送到了附近的一所醫院。聯想詞 ①injure vt.使受傷;損害 ②injury n.傷害;損傷易混辨析 名詞 injury, wound, hurt 與 harm 的用法區別易 混 詞 用 法injury 指對軀體的傷害、損傷。 He escaped from the train wreck without injury.他在這次火車事故中沒有受傷。wound 指身體上的傷口、創傷,尤指刀、槍等武器造成的傷。 ●The soldier received a wound in elegant.這名士兵腿部受傷了。hurt 尤指情感和心靈上的傷害和痛苦。 There was hurt and real anger in her voice.她的聲音里充滿了痛苦和憤怒。harm 在表示某種行為或決定有損人或國家的機會、前景、利益、聲譽或形象時 ,harm 可與 hurt互換;harm 還可用于自然界中的事物受到人類活動的影響。 ●Try to choose products that do the least harm to the environment. 盡量選擇對環境損害最小的產品。strengthn.[U]力量;體力;力氣;毅力;實力;強度[C]長處;優勢教材原句P38 Jordan's skills were impressive,but the mental strength that he showed handmade unique.喬丹的球技令人贊嘆,但他所展現出的精神力量使他與眾不同。常用搭配 strengths and weaknesses 優點和缺點build up strength 增強體力聯想師 ①strong adj.強壯的 ②strongly adv.強烈地;堅決地③strengthen vi.& vt.(使)增強;加強方法總結 后綴-en構成動詞,意為“使;使成為;變得”,表示使具有某種特征。①形容詞+-en:wide—— widen(使)變寬 sharp—— sharpen (使)變鋒利bright— brighten 使更明亮 short—— shorten(使)變短,縮短②名詞+-en:fright—— frighten 使害怕 height—— heighten (使)加強length—— lengthen(使)延長failuren.失敗;失敗的人(或事物);衰竭;故障;失靈教材原句P38 I can accept failure; everlastings at something.我能接受失敗;每個人都有失敗的時候。特別注意 failure 可作“失敗的人/事”講,用作可數名詞,a failure 表示“一個失敗的人/一件失敗的事”,與a success相對應。· He was a failure as a businessman.作為商人他是一個失敗者。聯想詞 fail①vi.失??;未做到;(機器或人體器官等)失靈,喪失功能;(視力、記憶、健康等)衰退fail in eth 在某方面失敗fail to do eth 沒有做成某事;未做到某事Firms that fail to take advantage of the new technology will go out of business.未能利用新科技的公司將會倒閉。②vi.& vt.不及格;未能通過fail the exam 考試不及格give up放棄;投降;認輸教材原句P38 Losing games taught him practise harder and never give up.輸掉比賽教會了他要更加努力地練習,永不放棄。常用搭配· give up (doing) eth 放棄(做)某事If we expect people to give up the habit of driving,we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我們期望人們放棄開車的習慣,我們就必須給出一個為之信賴的替代方案。聯想拓展·含有 give的其他常用短語give away 贈送;泄露give off發出(光、熱、氣味、聲音等)give out 分發;發出(熱、光等)give in 屈服;認輸(為不及物動詞短語)give in to Sb 屈服于某人give way to 讓步;屈服competevi.競爭;對抗;參加比賽教材原句P41 An athlete should think about honour and Fisher fans if he she is comforting Fisher country.如果一個運動員在為他/她的國家比賽,他/她應該考慮到榮譽和他/她的仰慕者。常用搭配 compete for……爭取/爭奪……compete in... 參加······的比賽;參與………的競爭compete against... 與······比賽/競爭Runners from many countries are competing for the international prize.來自許多國家的賽跑運動員正在爭奪這一國際獎項。Life is like a long race, and we compete herewith to go beyond ourselves.生活就像一場長跑,我們和別人競爭,是為了超越自己。聯想詞 ①competitor n.競爭者;對手;參賽者②competition n.競爭;角逐be in competition with……同……競爭We are in competition with four other companies for the contract.我們正在與另外四家公司競爭那份合同。③competitive adj.有競爭力的;競爭性強的;好勝的make sense有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚教材原句P41 That doesn't make any sense!那沒有任何意義!聯想拓展·含有 sense 的其他常用短語和句式make no sense 沒有意義 make sense of 弄懂;理解in acne sense= in some senses 在某種意義上in no sense 決不 common sense 常識a sense of…………感it makes sense for Sb to do eth 某人做某事是明智的there is no sense in doing eth 做某事沒有意義Planning so far ahead makes no sense—— so anything will have changed by next year.提前這么久計劃沒有意義——許多事情到下一年就會變了。So how should you try and make sense of the final poll which appeared on Wednesday and Thursday 那么你應該如何嘗試理解周三和周四的最終民意調查呢 In a sense, the accent has been considered as an individual symbol.在某種意義上,口音已經被認為是一種個人標志。pretendvi. & vt.假裝;裝扮教材原句P41 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.一個足球運動員不應該假裝摔倒,即使這對他/她的球隊有幫助。常見用法· pretend (that) 假裝……pretend to be... 假裝是……pretend (not) to do…假裝(不)做……pretend to be doing… 假裝正在做……pretend to have done... 假裝做過……The boy pretended to be doing his homework when his mother came in.當他媽媽進來時,這個男孩假裝正在做作業。He pretended not to have known the news.他假裝還不知道這個消息。make a difference有作用或影響教材原句P42I had no idea a letter could make such a difference! 我不知道一個字母能有如此大的影響!Small acts of kindness can make a great difference.小善舉能帶來大影響。聯想拓展 make some much no difference (to sabbath)(對某人或某物)有一定/有許多/沒有影響或作用it makes Kano difference (to sabbath)+從句 ………(對某人或某物)有/沒有影響Whether he is here or not will make no difference our work.他在不在這里對我們的工作沒有影響。It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他去還是不去,對我都沒影響。rather than而不是教材原句P42 Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began autochanger.一旦我開始考慮健康而不是體重,事情就開始改變了。特別注意 ①rather than 用作并列連詞,連接兩個平行結構。● What we expect from you is working hard rather playing computer games.我們希望你努力工作,而不是玩電腦游戲。●Most people would agree that nuclear conscienceless be developed to benefit the human beings rather than harm them.大多數人贊成核科學的發展應該是為了造福人類,而不是傷害人類。②主語后插入“rather than+名詞(短語)/代詞”時,謂語動詞應與 rather than 前面的主語在人稱和數上保持一致。●He, rather than you, is to blame for losing honeymoon.是他應為丟錢負責,而不是你。聯想拓展·“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”的表達prefer to do eth rather than do ethwould do eth rather than do ethwould rather do eth than do ethHe would rather have a decent death which served some purpose than have a meaningless death.他寧愿死得其所,也不想無謂地死去。cut... out停止做(或使用、食用);剪下教材原句P42 Rather than cutting out the foods I enjoyed, I added healthy foods to meals.我沒有停止吃我喜歡的食物,而是在我的膳食中添加了健康的食物。Pictures from this magazine can be cut out and used as teaching aids.這本雜志上的圖片可以剪切下來作為教具使用。聯想拓展含有 cut 的其他常用短語cut down 砍倒;削減;縮短 cut up 切碎cut in 打斷(談話);插嘴cut off 切掉;切斷(供應);中斷;使……與外界隔絕Our water supply has been cut off again.我們的供水又被切斷了。The operator cut him off before he had a chance to talk to me.他還沒有來得及和我說話,接線員就把他的電話掛斷了。comparevt.比較;對比;將……比作教材原句P42 F anally, I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking farthings that were wrong with my face or body.最后,我不再拿自己與女演員和模特進行比較,也不再對自己的臉蛋或身體挑毛病。常用搭配 compare A bandwidth B 將 A 和 B 比較compared with... 和······相比(常作狀語)compare A to B 將 A 比作 BWe carefully compared the first report with secondhand.我們仔細地比較了第一份報告和第二份報告。Compared with other transport in the city, bickerer cheap and clean while also offering health benefits.與城市中的其他交通工具相比,自行車既便宜又環保,同時也對健康有益。We often compare students to the flowers of motherland.我們經常把學生比作祖國的花朵。聯想訪 comparison n.相比;對比by comparison 比較起來;相比之下b yin comparison (with eth) (與某物)相比較there's no comparison 無法相比;根本不能相提并論(強調比較之下的差別)By comparison with other European countries, caprice in the UK are very high.和其他歐洲國家相比,英國的汽車價格非常高。差距詞匯拔尖contribute to促成;造成Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.研究表明,競走和跑步一樣對健康有很多好處,而且很可能造成更少的傷害。[課標全國Ⅰ]There's just no comparison between canned vegetables and fresh ones.罐裝蔬菜和新鮮蔬菜根本沒法比。stressn.壓力;緊張;重音;重要性You should pay attention to the stress while you are reading.在朗讀時,你要注意重音。常用搭配 under stress 在壓力下;承受壓力everyplace stress on eth 強調某事Janet's been under a lot of stress since her mother's illness.珍妮特自從母親生病以來承受了很大的壓力。The teacher laid particular stress on the need for discipline.老師特別強調了紀律的必要性。 vt.強調;重讀 vt.& vi. (使)焦慮不安The spokesman stressed that the measures did amount to an overall ban.發言人強調,這些措施并不等同于全面禁止。常用搭配 stress the importance of…強調……的重要性stress Sb out 使某人極度焦慮;使某人非常緊張Studying for exams always stresses me out.復習迎考總是使我非常焦慮。[《朗文當代》]聯想詞 ①stressed adj.焦慮的;緊張的I feel stressed and tired these days.這些日子我感到緊張和疲憊。②stressful adj.充滿壓力的;緊張的Moving to a new house is a very stressful experience.搬新家是件很勞心的事。potential adj.潛在的;可能的 n.潛能;可能性;潛力We' re helping athletes reach their athletic potential through speed, strength, and agility training.我們正在幫助運動員們通過速度、力量和敏捷性訓練來發揮他們的運動潛力。standard n.標準;水平It is necessary for athletes who want to sign unto reach the agreed standards at their events.對于想要報名參賽的運動員來說,達到他們所在比賽項目中的統一標準是必要的。extraordinary adj. 非凡的;特別的;異乎尋常的Last Sunday our school held an extraordinarily-country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.上周日,我們學校舉行了一場非同尋常的越野賽跑比賽,幾乎引起了全校師生的注意。appeal to 對……有吸引力;呼吁Sport has become an important form of35entertainment, appealing to both men and women of all ages.運動已經成為一種重要的娛樂形式,吸引了所有年齡段的男女。there is no denying that…不可否認……There is no denying that fewer and fewer people engaged in exercise due to the addiction electronic products.不可否認,由于沉迷于電子產品,參加體育鍛煉的人越來越少。Part II 句子分類探究長難句分析1 ---并列連詞She had faced difficulties before, and she knew主 謂 賓 時間狀語 主 謂that her young players could win if they worked賓語從句 條件狀語從句together as a team.句意她曾面對過種種困難,她知道如果這群年輕的球員們能團結起來,她們就能取得勝利。意為“被稱為……;以……知名”The player who became known as“Air Jordan”主 定語從句changed basketball with his graceful moves and謂 賓 狀語jumps.P38句意 這位被稱為“飛人喬丹”的球員用他那優雅的動作和跳躍改變了籃球運動。句意他在芝加哥創辦的“男孩女孩俱樂部”自1996年以來一直在幫助年輕人。知識拓展·現在完成進行時由 have has been doing構成。其用法如下:(1)表示從過去某一時刻開始,一直持續到現在的動作。這一動作可能剛完成,也可能仍在進行,具有持續性和未完成性。該時態多用于延續性動詞。The manager has been telling the workers how improve the programme since 9 am.從上午九點開始,經理就一直在給工人們講如何改進這個計劃。(2)所表示的動作有時并不是一直在不停地進行,而是在斷斷續續地重復,帶有感彩。I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.我得去看醫生了,因為最近我一直咳嗽得厲害。4I agree with the idea that a soccer player should主句 that引導同位語從句,說明 idea的內容never pretend to fall down even if it helps his or even if引導讓步狀語從句her team.P41何意 我同意這個觀點,一個足球運動員不應該假裝摔倒,即使這對他/她的球隊有幫助。高頻句式句式 “so+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞+主語”類型的倒裝句,意為“……也是如此”如果前句是肯定句,后句用 so來引導倒裝句;如果前句為否定句,則后句應用 neither/nor 來引導倒裝句。Football is very important to me, and so is friendship.足球對我來說非常重要,我們的友誼也是如此。I hadn't been to Paris before, and neither Haldane.我以前沒有去過巴黎,簡也沒去過。鏈接課文 So do I.我也是。[P41]經典例句——I don't know about you, but I'm sick and tiredof this weather.我不知道你的感覺如何,但我不喜歡并厭倦這種天氣。—— So am I. I can't stand all this rain.我也一樣。我受不了總下雨。知識拓展如果兩句話中主語一致,下句只是對上句所述情況的肯定,表示“的確如此”,則應使用“so+主語+be動詞/助動詞/情態動詞”結構。—— Our English teacher makes every effort to develop interest in learning English.我們的英語老師盡一切努力來培養我們學習英語的興趣。—— Yes, so he does every day.是的,他確實每天都是那樣做的。(后句中的 he指代上句中的主語Our English teacher,主語一致;此處強調對事情的贊同與證實,故不用倒裝結構 so does he來表述。)Part III 單元語法歸納 附加疑問句教材原句①It's not a real sport, is it 這不是真正的運動,是嗎 (陳述部分是否定句,附加疑問部分應用肯定形式)[P40]②That sounds interesting, doesn't it 聽起來很有趣,不是嗎 (陳述部分是肯定句,附加疑問部分應用否定形式,doesn't 要縮寫,主語是 That,反問時應用 it)[P40]③By the way, our school soccer team won at last, didn't they 順便問一下,我們學校的足球隊最后贏了,不是嗎 (陳述部分主語是名詞,反問時要用對應的代詞)[P40]附加疑問句(Tag Question),又叫反意疑問句,是疑問句的一種。附加疑問部分對陳述部分的事實提出相反的疑問,形式上是個省略句,附在陳述部分之后,并用逗號與陳述部分隔開。它表示提問者有一定的主見,但沒有把握,需要對方證實。1 附加疑問句的構成(1)肯定的陳述部分+否定的附加疑問部分It's a fine day, isn't it 天氣不錯,不是嗎 They work here, don't they 他們在這里工作,不是嗎 (2)否定的陳述部分+肯定的附加疑問部分· You didi t go, did you 你沒有去,是嗎 It isn't very hot today, is it 今天不是很熱,是嗎 ●He can't ride a bike, can he 他不會騎自行車,是嗎 特別注意 附加疑問句的主語以及謂語動詞在人稱、數和時態上通常與前面的陳述部分保持一致;當前一部分的主語為名詞時,后一部分的主語用相應的人稱代詞形式。在附加疑問部分,否定形式一般用縮寫形式。They held a meeting yesterday, didn't they 他們昨天開了一個會,不是嗎 The children are playing, aren't they 孩子們正在玩,不是嗎 Her mother is a doctor, isn't she 她的母親是個醫生,不是嗎 附加疑問句的回答附加疑問句的回答與漢語不完全一樣,應特別注意。不管問題的提法如何,若事實是肯定的,就要34用 yes作答,若事實是否定的,就要用no作答。— Ann is a worker, isn't she 安是工人,不是嗎 — Yes, she is.是的,她是個工人。●—— Ann isn't a worker, is she 安不是工人,是嗎 — Yes, she is.不,她是個工人。 特殊句式的附加疑問句(1)陳述部分中含有 few, little, seldom, hardly,never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none,neither等否定詞或具有否定意義的詞時,疑問部分常用肯定形式。● John could hardly play the violin when we knew, could he 我們認識約翰時,他幾乎不會拉小提琴,對嗎 ● Few people knew the news, did they 幾乎沒有人知道那個新聞,是嗎 (2)祈使句的附加疑問句,疑問部分通常用 will you, won't you, would you, can you, can't you 等來表達不同的含義。否定祈使句的附加疑問部分通常只用 will you。●Please turn the light off, will you 請關掉燈,可以嗎 附加疑問句的其他情況(1)陳述部分的主語是 this, that時,疑問部分的主語多用 it;陳述部分的主語是 these, those時,疑問部分的主語多用 they。●This is a dictionary, isn't it 這是一本詞典,不是嗎 (2)陳述部分是 there be 結構時,疑問部分用“be動詞+ there”。●There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there 你的手表壞了,不是嗎 (3)如果陳述部分的主語是 something, nothing,anything, everything 等不定代詞時,疑問部分的主語多用 it;如果陳述部分的主語是 everybody,everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone,nobody, no one, none, neither 時,疑問部分的主語強調全體時用 they,強調個體時用 he。Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it 電腦壞了,不是嗎 Nobody likes to be laughed at, do they 沒有人喜歡被嘲笑,是嗎 (4)如果陳述部分是含賓語從句的主從復合句,則附加疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞應與主句的主語和謂語動詞保持一致。但如果主句是 I/bethink(believe, suppose, consider等)時,附加疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞應與其從句的主語和謂語動詞保持一致,而且要注意陳述部分的否定轉移。He said that she was late for school, didn't he 他說她上學遲到了,不是嗎 I don't think that you can do it, can you 我認為你做不了這件事,對嗎 (5)若陳述部分為Ⅰam……時,附加疑問部分習慣上用 aren't I I am a very honest man, aren't I 我是一個很誠實的人,不是嗎 (6)當陳述部分含有情態動詞 must時,先分析一下 must的含義。must的三種附加疑問句形式:①must 出現在肯定陳述部分,表示“必須”的意思,此時疑問部分通常用 mustn't。You must take off your shoes when getting into homeroom, mustn't you 進入房間時你必須脫掉鞋子,不是嗎 ②must 表示“必須”且出現在否定陳述部分(即陳述部分用到 must not 或者 mustn't,意為“不允許;禁止”),此時疑問部分通常用 must或者用 may。●You mustn't trample on the grass, must may you 你不能踐踏草坪,對吧 ③must 出現在陳述部分作為一種肯定的推測,表示“一定;肯定”的意思,此時疑問部分仍用 must形式或根據語境采用其他動詞形式。●He must be angry, isn't he 他肯定生氣了,對嗎 ●You must be hungry, aren't you 你肯定餓了,對吧 ●She must have got married, hasn't she 她肯定已經結婚了,對嗎 (本句中 She must have got married 是對 she has got married 的肯定性強調,所以附加疑問部分應該用 hasn't she)● Yo u must have finished your job yesterday, didn't 你肯定昨天就已經把工作做完了,對嗎 (本句中 You must have finished your job yesterday是對 you finished your job yesterday的肯定性強調,所以附加疑問部分應該用 didn't you) 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫