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高考常考的構詞法
一.前綴（prefix）改變單詞詞義 ：
（一）表示否定的前綴
1. dis- 加在名詞、形容詞，動詞之前。
advantage(優點)----disadvantage
honorable(光彩的)---- dishonorable
agree(同意)---- disagree
appear(出現)----disappear
2.in- 加在形容詞，名詞之前
correct(正確的)----incorrect
ability(能力)---- inability
3. im- 加在字母 m,b,p 之前
possible (可能的)---- impossible，
balanced(平衡的)----imbalanced
moral(道德的)---- immoral
4. il- 加在以 l 開頭的詞前
legal (合法的)----illegal
logical (合邏輯的)---- illogical
5. ir- 加在以 r 開頭的詞前
regular (規則的)---- irregular
resolvable(能分解的；能解決的)---- irresolvable
6.un- 加在名詞，形容詞，副詞之前
fair（公平的）---- unfair
employment(就業)----unemployment
7. non- 加在形容詞，名詞前
existence (存在)---- non-existence
electrical(電的)---- non-electrical
8. mis- 加在動詞、名詞之前
judge (判斷)--- misjudge
leading (引導)---- misleading
fortune (運氣)---- misfortune
9.anti- 加在名詞、形容詞之前
Japanese (日本)---- anti-Japanese
social(社交的，社會的)---- anti-social
10. counter- 加在名詞、動詞前
attack(攻擊)---- counterattack
revolution(革命)---- counterrevolution
（二）表示“前”的前綴
1. pre：
history（歷史）--- prehistory
war（戰爭）---- prewar
arrange： (安排)---- prearrange
2. ante：
room(房間) ---anteroom
cessor(行者)---- antecessor
3. fore：
head(頭)----forehead
tell(告訴)---- foretell
arm(手臂)---- forearm
4. pro：
gram(寫 , 畫)---- program
spect(看)---- prospect
5. ex：
president(總統)----ex-president
wife (妻子) ----ex-wife
（三）表示其他含義的前綴
1. post：后
war(戰爭)----post-war
graduate( 畢業生)---- postgraduate
2. sub/sup/sus-在……下面；次要；低于
way(路)----sub-way
title(標題)---- subtitle
ceed (走)----succeed
fer(拿)---- suffer
3. re：表示“回”“再”“向后”
construct(建設)----reconstruct
write (寫)---- rewrite
4.co:表示“共同”
exist(存在)---- co-exist
operate(操作)---- co-operate
5.inter：表示“相互” “之間”
national(國家的)---- international
act(行動)---- interact
6. de-表示"除去"、"否定"、"向下"等意思
frost（霜）---- defrost
grade（等級，分級）----degrade
press(壓)----depress
7. tele：表示“（距離）遠”
vision(視覺)----television
scope(鏡)---- telescope
8. a-加在單詞或詞根前，表示"去做 ，加強 "
company(伙伴,公司)---- accompany
dress（處理）---- address
9. en-,使…（變動詞）
able（能）---- enable
large(大)---- enlarge
10.表示數量
【bi- 二】
cycle(圈，循環)----bicycle
weekly(一周一次的)---- biweekly
【multi- 多】
media(媒體)---- multimedia
cultural（文化的）----multicultural
【centi- 百分之一】
meter(米)---- centimeter)
【kilo-千】
watt (瓦) ----kilowatt
meter(米) ----kilometer
【semi-一半】
final(決賽，最后的)----semifinal
circle(圈，循環)---- semicircle
二．詞根（stem）決定單詞意思 ：
詞根是單詞的核心部分，它決定了單詞的基本含義。
常考詞根1：pose 表示“擺放、放置”
① expose=ex(向外)-pose（放），擺放在外面（讓人看到）
He smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
②compose =com(共同，一起)-pose（放）
Mozart(莫扎特) composed his last opera shortly before he died.
③ propose=pro-,向前，-pose,放置
He proposed to the girl and they planned to get married the next year.
④oppose=op（表對立面）-pose,擺放在對面
Our teacher opposed our plan.
⑤opposite= op- 對面 + -posit- 放置 + -e
There's a bus stop opposite the house.
⑥ position -pose,擺放+ tion名詞后綴
He left a career in teaching to take up a position in a company.
常考詞根2：詞根press表示“壓”
① depress=de(向下)-press(壓)，往下壓
Losing his job really depressed him.
② compress=com(共同；一起)-press(壓)，一起壓下去
All those three books are compressed into one book.
③impress=im(進去；里面)-press(壓)，往里壓-壓進去-印入頭腦
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
④ express =ex(向外)- press表示“壓”, 往外壓
I have not expressed myself very well.
常考詞根3：ject 表示“扔；投”
① project=pro(前)-ject(扔；投)，向前扔；把一個事情往前拋，做好規劃，
The project should be completed within a year.
② reject=re(往回；向后)-ject(扔；投)，往回扔
All our suggestions were rejected.
③object=ob(相反；對著)-ject(扔；投)，反著扔；對著目標扔
Her object in life is to become a writer.
A lot of people object to the book because of the bad cover.
④subject =sub(向下)-ject(扔；投)，向下扔
We need the subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the experiment.
⑤inject=in (向里)-ject(扔；投)，向里扔
She has been injecting herself with insulin（胰島素）since the age of 16.
常考詞根4：spect 表示“看”
① prospect=pro(向前)-spect (看)，向前看
The prospects for the future are good.
② expect=ex(往外)-spect(看)，往外看
You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.
③ inspect= in 向內+ spect 看 ，進去看
The teacher walked around inspecting their work.
④ respect=re(再次；重新)-spect(看)，反復看
I have the greatest respect for your brother.
⑤ suspect=su 向下 + spect看 , 在下面偷偷看
Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
⑥ spectator = spect 看+ ator 表示人
The stadium holds 75 000spectators.
常考詞根5：gress-/cess/ ceed表示“走”
① progress=pro(前)-gress(走)，向前走
As the years progressed, we became the best of friends.
② regress=re(往后；往回)-gress(走)，往回走
Such countries are not 'developing' at all, but regressing.
③ aggress=a(朝，向)-gress(走)，徑直朝誰走去
In1873, Japan sent its army to aggress China's Liuqiu Islands(琉球群島).
④ congress=con(一起)-gress(走)，一群人走到一起準備去開會
The Democrats (民主黨)will probably lose control of Congress.
⑤ success = suc 下 + cess (走)，從下面走到上面
You can only achieve success through hard work.
⑥ succeed= suc 下 + ceed (走)
Who succeeded Kennedy as President
常考詞根6：port，表示carry，拿，帶，運，名詞“港口”
① import =in/m (向里)-port(運)，運到國內就
The country has to import most of its raw materials from China.
② export=ex(向外)- port(運)，運到國外
Exporting is necessary for our economic survival.
③transport=trans(轉移)- port(運),
The seeds are transported by the wind.
④ report=re(往后；往回，重復)- - port(運)，把消息帶回來
We will study the report carefully before making a decision.
⑤ support=sup(向下)- - port(拿，持)，在下面拿著支撐
The plan was canceled（取消）because of lack of support.
常考詞根7：fer=bring, carry,表示“帶來，拿來”
①infer=in(向里) - - fer (拿)
I inferred from what she said that you have not been well
②prefer=pre（在…..之前），在之前拿或者提前拿
I would prefer it if you didn't tell anyone.
③refer=re（又、再）- - fer (拿)，再次拿起、再次引人注意
Writers often refer to a dictionary.
④offer= of- 對面 + -fer- 攜帶 → 帶到面前
If they offer me the job, I'll take it.
⑤suffer =su（在……下方），- - fer (拿)
“ As long as I am here, I won't let the child suffer,” she said.
⑥transfer=trans“越過、轉動”+fer，帶著東西越過某地區到另外地方。
She transferred to a new school.
⑦ conference=con(一起)- - fer (拿)，一起拿。
She suggested Paris as a good place for the conference.
常考詞根8：Serv=serve, keep ,表示“服務,保持”
①conserve=con(com: 表示強調)+serv(keep)+e vt. 保存
The government must take effective measures to conserve the wildlife.
②conservative= con(com: 表示強調)+serv(keep)+ ive adj/n.詞尾.
Her style of dress was never conservative.
③preserve= pre(before)+serv(keep)+e -> 提前保存 -> 保存; 保護
Is he really 60 He's well preserved.
④reserve= re(重新)+serv(keep)+e -> keep back -> 保留; 預定，
A double room had been reserved for him.
⑤desert =de否定+ser看管，丟在一旁不管不顧
The heat in the desert was extreme.
⑥observe = ob(in front of/before)+serv(keep or protect)+e,觀察以保證其安全
Do they observe Christmas
⑦dessert =de否定+服務 停止正餐服務
This dessert can be served straight from the fridge.
⑧ servant = serv+ ant (人)n.
They treat their mother like a servant.
常考詞根9：viv=live詞根的含義：生命
①vivid= =viv- 生命 + -id
Her description was so vivid that I could almost see the scene.
②survive= sur- 超過 + viv 生命 + -e
Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.
③survivor= sur- 超過 + -viv- 活 + -or 人
Firefighters searched the buildings for survivors.
④survival= sur- 超過 + -viv- 活 + -al 名詞后綴
Nowadays a premature（早產） baby has a very good chance of survival.
⑤revive =re 再+viv+ e→復活
The economy is beginning to revive.
⑥vital = vit 生命 + -al ...的
The police play a vital role in our society.
⑦vitamin n 維生素（vit+a+min 素→生命要素→維生素）
常考詞根10：dict, dic詞根的含義：say 言，說
① predict = pre- ...前的 + dict 說, 斷言
No one could have predicted the final outcome.
② dictation = dictat(e) 口述 + -ion 行為,狀態
We have a dictation every English class.
③ indicate= in進入+dicate→說進去
A red sky at night often indicates fine weather the next day.
④ dictionary = dict 說,斷言 + -ion 行為,狀態 + -ary 場所,地點
This dictionary is also available in electronic form.
⑤ contradict = contra反+dict 反說
She doesn't like to contradict her husband in public.
⑥ dedicate=de加強+dic 說+ate→再說→努力獻身
He dedicated his life to helping the poor.
三.后綴（suffix）決定單詞詞性 ：
（一）常見動詞后綴
1. -en
short（短）---- shorten
broad（寬）---- broaden
2. -fy
beauty(美)---- beautify
simple (簡單)----simplify
3. -ate
activity(活動)---activate
facility（設施----facilitate
4.-ize
memory(記憶)---- memorize
popular（受歡迎的）---- popularize
（二）常見名詞后綴
1. 表示“人”的后綴
① -ive是名詞 “人”的后綴
represent（代表）---- representative
detect(探測)---- detective
② -ent名詞后綴“人”c
patient(耐心的)----patientstudent
③ -ian/an表示……地方人，精通……的人
music(音樂)---- musicianhistory(歷史)----historian
America(美國)---- American
④ -ant 名詞后綴“人”
serve(服務) ---- servant
assist(幫助)---- assistant
⑤ -or名詞后綴“人”
act(表演) ---- actor
direct(指導)----director
⑥ -er,表示"從事某種職業的人,某地區，地方的人" 或“物品，機器”
sing（唱）----singer
sharpen(使之鋒利)----sharpener
⑦ -ee名詞后綴 “被動或主動的”
employ(雇傭)----employee
interview(采訪，面試)----interviewee
⑧ -ess來表示女性
god （神）----goddess
prince （王子）----princess
⑨ -ist,表示"從事……研究者，信仰……主義者
piano（鋼琴）----pianist
special( 特別的，專門的) ----specialist
⑩ -ar 表示人
beg（乞討）----beggar
school(學校，學派)----scholar
2. 抽象名詞后綴
① -ment行為或行為的結果
argue(爭論)----argument
manage(管理)----management
② -sion, -tion存在的狀態
promote (提拔)----promotion
possess(擁有)----possession
③ -th表示某種情況或性質
warm(溫暖)----warmth
true（真的）----truth
④ -ance, -ence 表狀態或性質
disturb（打擾）----disturbance
appear（出現）----appearance
④ -al表行動或進程
arrive(到達)----arrival
survive(幸存)---- survival
⑤ -ness性質或狀態
kind(善良)----kindness
dark(黑暗)----darkness
⑥ -ity, -ty 性質
equal（平等的）----equality
safe（安全的）---- safety
⑦ -acy 表態或性質
accurate (精確的)---- accuracy
supreme (崇高的)---- supremacy
⑧ -ship 關系或狀態
friend----friendship
hard----hardship
⑨ -hood 表示身份、狀態或時期
child----childhood
adult----adulthood
⑩ -ism 主義、學說、信仰
social(社會的) ----socialism
ideal（理想的）----idealism
三) 常見形容詞副詞后綴
使名詞變成形容詞，表示“能夠…的”
comfort(使舒服)---comfortable
eat(吃)----eatable
2.-al 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
nation(國家)----national
act(行動)----actual
3.-ful 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“有…的”
hope( 希望)----hopeful
skill（技術）---- skillful
4.-ic, -ical 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
music(音樂)----musical
psychology(心理學)----psychological
5.-ous 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
danger(危險)----dangerous
poison （毒藥）----poisonous
6.-ish 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
fool（傻子）--- foolish
child（孩子）----childish
7.-ive 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
attract( 吸引)---- attractive
aggress(侵略)----aggressive
8.-less 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“無…的”
home----homeless
hope----hopeless
9.-y 使名詞變成形容詞，表示“具有某種性質”
rain----rainy
sleep----sleepy
10.-ly 使形容詞變成副詞，表示方式、程度或時間
soft(軟的）---- softly
slow----slowly

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