資源簡介

(共56張PPT)
Unit 2
UNIT 2
No Rules, No Order
Imperatives; Modal verbs (can, have to, must)
能夠理解并歸納祈使句的句式結構、表意功能和用法。
能夠理解區分情態動詞can、must、have to，以及句子的結構特點和它們的表意功能。
能夠在語境中準確使用祈使句和情態動詞，做到自然得體。
Let’s listen to a song and complete the blanks.
______let them in, ______ let them see
______ the good girl you always
have to be
Conceal, don't feel
______ let them know
Well, now they know
________ _______
Can't hold it back anymore
Let it go, let it go
______ away and slam the door
I don't care what they're going to say
______ the storm rage on
The cold never bothered me anyway
Don't
don't
Be
don't
Let it go, let it go
Turn
Let
Don't let them in, don't let them see
Be the good girl you always have to be
Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know
Well, now they know
Let it go, let it go
Can't hold it back anymore
Let it go let it go
Turn away and slam the door
What do they have in common
動詞原形開頭
沒有主語
句子單詞數量較少
表示“勸告”
祈使句
Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter.
No, they don’t.
Because they are imperative sentences.
祈使句
英語句子按照用途可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四類。
祈使句一般用來表示請求、命令、勸說、號召、警告等。
祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱you，但往往省略。
祈使句的肯定式以動詞原形開頭，否定式在動詞原形前加don’t。
Be the good girl you always have to be
Let it go, let it go
Turn away and slam the door
Let the storm rage on
肯定祈使句
Don't let them in, don't let them see
否定祈使句
以動詞be開頭，簡稱Be型。
以行為動詞原形開頭，簡稱Do型。
以Let開頭，簡稱Let型。
Come in!
Don’t come in!
Do型祈使句
Go along this street and turn left.
Practise the guitar every day.
Don’t practise the guitar every day.
肯定：動詞原形+賓語 +其它成分
否定：在句首加don’t。
Be careful when you cross the street.
肯定： Be+表語 (名詞或形容詞 + 其它成分)
否定： 句首加don’t。
Be型祈使句
Be quite in the library.
Don’t be late for class.
Let型祈使句
Let’s go!
Don’t let him go.
Let’s not go there.
肯定： Let +賓語+動詞原形 +其它成分
否定： 句首加don’t / Let + not +動詞原形 +其它成分
常用于第一人稱和第三人稱，表示建議和勸說等。
為表示禮貌，祈使句經常在句首或句末加please。
句開用please時，前面通常加逗號。
e.g. Please write and tell me about yourself.
Please call Karen at 555-8823.
Come in, please.
注意：
“No+名詞/動詞 ing形式”表示禁止或規勸，常用于公共場所。
e.g.
No photos! 禁止拍照！
No smoking！ 禁止吸煙！
Find more imperative sentences in “Section A”.
Don’t be late for school. Arrive on time.
Don’t run in the hallways.
Don’t eat in the classroom.
Don’t litter. Keep your school clean and tidy.
Wear the school uniform.
Be polite and treat everyone with respect.
Put up your hand if you want to ask your teacher a question.
動詞原形開頭
Don’t+ 動詞原形開頭
1) 快點走。
Walk quickly.
2) 別讓他們說話。
Don’t let them talk.
3) 安靜點！
Be quiet!
4) 不要在這兒吃東西。
Don’t eat here.
【語境應用】翻譯句子。
5) 在走廊要走。
Walk in the hallway.
6) 不要跑。
Don’t run!
7) 安靜點，要互相尊重
Be quiet and treat one another with respect.
8) 不要亂扔垃圾。
Don’t litter.
Let’s learn some new words and phrases.
queue n. 隊
jump the queue 插隊
wait for 等待
When we go to the library, we cannot jump the queue; we must wait for our turn.
leave v. 離開；留下
absent adj. 缺席的；不在的
be absent from 缺席；不在
A: Hey, I need to go to the library to return some books. Can I leave the class
B: I’m afraid you can’t. Don’t be absent from the class.
quietly adv. 輕聲地；安靜地
noise n. 聲音；噪聲
In the library, we should read books quietly and not make noise.
在圖書館里，我們應該安靜地看書，不要吵鬧。
belt n. 安全帶；腰帶；皮帶
feed v. 喂養；飼養
Put on your seat belt before the car starts moving.
在汽車開始行駛之前，請系好安全帶。
Please feed the dog before you go to school.
上學前請喂狗。
Have a think:
1. 情態動詞在用法上有什么共同點？
2. can在本單元主要表示什么含義？它還可表達什么意思？
3. have to在句法上與其他情態動詞有何區別？
You mustn’t litter. /
You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class No, we can’t eat in class.
We have to eat in the dinning hall.
和動詞原形連用
表許可；表能力
Read the sentences. Do the verbs in red need to change forms Why
情態動詞
情態動詞表示說話人的語氣和情態，如請求、許可、意愿、可能等。
在形式上，情態動詞一般沒有人稱和數的變化。
有的情態動詞沒有時態的變化，如must。
情態動詞本身不能單獨作謂語，必須和動詞原形連用。
常見的情態動詞有can、may、must、have to、should、would等。
情態動詞一般有多個意義。
情態動詞的否定式一般是在其后加not構成，一般疑問句通常將它提到句首。
情態動詞的肯定式一般不重讀。
can, have to, must
can和could的用法
1. 表示能力。
e.g. We can speak a little English.
I can play badminton, but I can’t play volleyball.
He could swim when he was only six.
2. 表示許可。
e.g. You can play basketball at the weekend.
We can’t run in the hallways.
Father said I could swim in the pool.
3. 表示請求。
e.g. Can you help me with my Chinese
could也可表示請求，但比can的語氣更委婉。
e.g. Could you tell him to call me back
肯定句:
主語+can/could+動詞原形+其他.
否定句：
主語+can not (can’t) / could not (couldn’t) +動詞原形+其他.
一般疑問句:
Can/Could+主語+動詞原形+其他
肯定回答：Yes, 主語+can.
否定回答：No, 主語+can’t.
特殊疑問句式：
疑問詞(不作主語) + can/could +主語+動詞原形 (+其他)
情態動詞can/could的句型結構:
e.g. My sister can dance.
—Can they play the guitar
—Yes, they can. / No, they can’t.
Can we go out for dinner with my friend
Could you go to the bookshop with me
What can you do
must的用法
must表示“必須”。
e.g. Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
You must read a book before you watch TV.
have to的用法
have to表示“不得不；必須”。
e.g. We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she get home.
have to表示“必須”時，與must意義很接近，有時可與must互換。
它們在以下方面有所不同。
1) must通常表示的是說話人的主觀看法，語氣比較強烈，have to往往強調客觀需要。
e.g. We must hurry. I don’t want to miss the beginning of the show.
We have to hurry. The train is leaving in five minutes.
e.g. We have to / must follow the rules.
2) 它們的否定含義大不相同。
mustn’t表示“不準；禁止”
don’t have to表示“不必”
e.g. You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.
3) must沒有人稱和數的變化，而have to有人稱和數的變化。
e.g. I / We / You / They must do something about it.
I have to finish my work today.
She has to work late today.
They have to get to the station before vie o’clock.
1) 你不能亂扔垃圾。
You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
2) 我們能把手機帶到教室嗎？
我們不可以。我們必須把它們放在我們的柜子里。
Can we bring our phones to class
No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
【語境應用】翻譯句子。
3) 我們可以在教室吃零食嗎？
不，我們不能在教室吃。我們必須在餐廳吃。
Can we eat snacks in class
No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dinning hall.
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn’t.
Don’t jump the queue. You ____________ wait for your turn.
You __________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I ___________ give him chocolate. It is bad for him!
A: Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well
B: Yes, but you ______________ tell your teacher about it when you _____________ be absent from class.
must / have to
can
can’t
must / have to
have to
4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we _______________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A: Can you put on your seat belt We ______________ wear one when we’re in a car.
B: Sure. Thanks!
must / have to
can, have to / must, can’t / mustn’t
must / have to
Look at the first sign and read the rules.
Then write rules for the other signs.
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can’t / mustn’t eat or drink.
Do not feed the birds.
No swimming.
No photos.
No photography.
Do parking.
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below. Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise. We can’t…
Make rules for the computer room in your school.
Computer Room Rules
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
Computer Room Rules
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
We must be quiet in the computer room.
Don’t eat or drink in the computer room.
Don’t run in the computer room.
Wear slippers in the computer room.
Clean the computer room every day.
queue n. 隊
jump the queue 插隊
1. Don’t jump the queue. 不要插隊。
e.g. *the bus queue 排隊等候公共汽車的人
*We stood in a queue for half an hour.
我們排了半個小時的隊。
* You must never jump the queue.
你絕不能插隊。
2. You must wait for your turn. 你必須等到輪到你。
wait for 等待
wait for sb. to do sth
e.g. *They are waiting for their teacher.
他們正在等他們的老師。
*They are waiting for Jim to come here.
他們正在等Jim來這里。
【語境應用】請根據漢語意思完成英語句子，每空詞數不限。
1) 你媽媽正在等你呢。
Your mother ___________________ you.
2) 我很快就回來。請在家里等著。
I’m coming back soon. Please _________________.
3) 他們正等著見你呢。
They ____________________.
is waiting for
wait at home
are waiting to see you
leave v. 離開
3. Can I leave the class if I don’t feel well
如果我不舒服，我可以離開教室嗎？
e.g. * You can leave the room now.
你現在可以離開屋子了。
*He's going to leave Beijing in June.
他計劃六月份離開北京。
leave for 去往……
e.g. She's leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
明天早上她將去往上海。
leave v. 留下
e.g. *Please leave your book on the desk.
請將你的書放在桌子上。
*Don't leave things in taxis.
不要把東西落在出租車里。
【語境應用】根據漢語意思完成英語句子，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。
1) 不要把書落在家里。
Don't ________ books at home.
2) 你將去往上海嗎？
Are you ________ ________ Shanghai
3) 他每天幾點離開家？
What time does he ________ ________ every day
leave
leaving for
leave home
absent adj. 缺席的；不在的 反義詞：present 出席；
be absent from 缺席；不在
4. …when you have to be absent from class.
當你不得不缺課的時候。
e.g. *A: Lucy, now who is absent from the meeting
B: Alice. She is very busy, so she won't come.
Lucy, 現在誰缺席會議了？
Alice。她今天非常忙，所以她不來了。
*Mr. Miller is absent from work because he goes to a doctor. Mr. Miller今天沒上班因為他去看醫生了。
【語境應用】根據漢語意思完成英語句子。
如果你經常缺課，你就會考試不及格。
If you __________________________, you will fail the examination.
are always absent from class
noise n. 聲音；噪聲（可作可數名詞，也可作不可數名詞）
make noise / make a noise 吵鬧；制造噪音
5. We mustn’t make noise. 我們不能制造噪音。
e.g. *I can't sleep because there's too much noise.
我睡不著，因為噪音太大了。
*Don’t make noise in public places.
不要在公共場所吵鬧。
Voice
noise通常指噪音，指人們聽到的不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲或任何令人討厭的聲音。
sound指聽到的聲音或響聲，用作可數名詞，泛指自然界的各種聲音或響聲，包括人聲、鳥聲、流水聲等。
voice指人口中發出的聲音，如說話聲、歌唱聲。
雖然sound可以泛指一切聲音，但在具體運用時，如果能確定聲音屬于voice或noise，則一般不使用sound。
e.g. *Mr Black doesn’t like the noise outside his office.
*Gina likes listening to the sound of running water.
*My music teacher has a good voice. She can sing songs very well.
【語境應用】選詞填空
1) Did you hear the beautiful _______ of music from that classroom
2) “Can I go with you ” the boy asked in a small _______.
3) The machine made so much _______ and we had to shout to each other.
sound
voice sound noise
voice
noise
1. Jim, you ___________ clean your room now. It’s so dirty.
2. You ___________ eat too much ice-cream. It’s not healthy.
3. Cindy lives with her grandparents and she __________ see her parents only on weekends.
4. My bike doesn’t work so I ____________ walk to school.
5. You ____________ do your homework right now. You __________ do it after dinner.
can’t
must
can
must / have to
can, can’t, must, have to, don’t have to
I. 根據語境，從方框中選擇恰當的情態動詞填空。
don’t have to
can
Ⅱ. 根據括號內的要求完成下列各題，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。
1. You can’t draw on the desk. (改為祈使句)
_______ _______ on the desk.
2. —Can you talk in the library (補全否定答語)
—No, _______ _______.
3. Steve has to go home before seven. (改為否定句)
Steve _______ _______ _______ go home before seven.
4. Jane has to exercise every day. (改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)
— _______ Jane _______ _______ exercise every day
—_______, _______ _______.
I / we can’t
Don’t draw
doesn’t have to
Does have to
Yes she does
Review Grammar Focus.
Preview Section B.
Read the new words.
Read Alice’s letter.
Make a poster about your family
rules.
I can
理解并歸納祈使句的句式結構、表意功能和用法。
理解區分情態動詞can、must、have to，以及句子的結構特點和它們的表意功能。
在語境中準確使用祈使句和情態動詞。

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