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選擇性必修二 U5 寫作指導——急救經歷
一、寫作思路
（1）一審：體裁、結構 體裁：記敘文
結構：三段
第一段：導入事件的時間地點人物及原因
第二段：介紹現場情況，心理活動，病人情況以及自己會的急救知識
第三段：總結事件的結果和自己的想法
（2）二定：時態和人稱
時態：過去進行時（現在分詞）
人稱：第一、三人稱為主
（3）三明確：明確寫作要點
事件發生的人物時間地點原因，現場情況和心理活動，總結事件的結果表達自己的觀點。
二、常用短語
first aid (for sth）(對...的) 急救
an emergency situation 緊急情況
the Red Cross 紅十字會
suffer a burn 被燒傷
call for an ambulance 叫救護車
give/perform first aid 實施急救
get burnt 燒傷
hear sb screaming 聽到某人的尖叫
apply...to... 把...涂在...上；適用于...
run to... at once 馬上跑到…
suffer from sth 遭受,承受(...的痛苦)
stop sth from doing sth阻止...做某事
regardless of sth 不管...,不顧...
ease discomfort 緩解不適
take steps to do sth 采取措施做...
lay the victim on his back讓受害者仰躺著
ride along with sb 陪同(以提供幫助)
rush sb to the hospital 迅速送某人去醫院
pat his shoulders 輕拍他的肩膀
fall over 摔倒 (fall - fell -fallen)
have trouble (in) breathing 呼吸困難
first-aid kit 急救箱
call for help 呼救
in trouble 在麻煩中，在困難中
without delay 立即,毫不拖延
in danger 在危險中
every minute counts 分秒必爭
waste no time 毫不浪費時間；立即行動
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做...
take risk(s) 冒險
the emergency number(s) 急救電話
heart attack 心臟病發作
sprained ankle 扭傷的腳踝
keep calm 保持鎮定
put/lay sb on one’s back 讓某人仰面躺下
perform mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing 做口對口呼吸
perform CPR 進行心肺復蘇術
take small bites 小口進食
choke on sth (被...) 噎住
slap sb on the back 拍某人的背
（slap - slapped - slapped）(slapping)
with the help of sb 在某人的幫助下
help sb to his feet 幫/扶某人站立
be forced out 被擠出 （force sth out）
三、常用句型
1.Giving first aid plays a most important role in the treatment of burns.
急救在燒傷的治療中起著最重要的作用。
2.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
約翰正在房間學習這時他突然聽到一聲尖叫。
3. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.
她躺在前花園的地上，流血不止。
4. He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.
他使勁地按住傷口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救護車的到來。
5. There is no doubt that Jon’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.
毫無疑問，是敏捷的思維和在學校學到的急救技術，使得斯萊德女士的生命得救了。
6. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
這說明了急救知識的確能發揮重要的作用。
Accidents do happen; make first-aid your best mate.事故確實會發生；讓急救成為你最好的伴侶。
Next to creating a life, the finest thing a man can do is to save one.除了創造一種生活之外，一個人所能做的最好的事情就是拯救一個人。
9.有關避免/處理緊急狀況的一些表達:
①Bleeding:
Try to stop the bleeding.
Press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there.
Hold up the part of the body which is bleeding if possible.
②Sprain(扭傷):
It is better to avoid walking with the injured ankle.
It is correct to use an ice pack for relieving the pain.
③Choke:
Make him/her spit(吐) it out by slapping him/her on the back.
To avoid this, we shouldn’t talk or laugh when eating.
④Nosebleed:
Stay calm.
Sit up, bow the head and lean slightly forward.
Pinch(捏) both nostrils(鼻孔) together between the thumb and forefinger. Breathe through the mouth, not the nose.
寫作任務
一、假設你是李華, 上周末你正在寫作業時聽到母親的尖叫聲,得知她在廚房被切傷,然后你用有關急救方面的一些常識對她實施了急救，請你結合此事,用英語寫一篇記敘文，內容包括:
1.簡述緊急事件情況；2.描述具體的施救過程; 3.談論施救后的感想;
Last Sunday afternoon, I was doing my homework when I heard my mum screaming in the kitchen.
Wasting no time, I got up and ran to the kitchen at once. Afraid and worried, I saw my mum trying to put the bleeding thumb under the tap. I instantly told her not to do that, because the depth of the cut should be checked at first. After finding it was deep, I realzied there was an urgent need to perform Compression Hemostasis(壓迫止血法）on the cut by directly pressing the cut with gauze and then applying force to wrap it up. About ten minutes later, the bleeding stopped. However, to prevent the cut being infected, I called our neighbor to send mum to the hospital and the doctor cleaned, disinfected, stitched and bandaged the cut. Finally, my mum felt much better and we both breathed a sigh of relief.
Knowing basic first aid skills can make us better prepare for an emergency. Luckily, I had learnt how to give first aid for the cut in school. Seeing mum cutting her thumb, I felt a little bit afraid, but I remained calm and reacted immediately.
二、幾天前，一名男子在玉溪河中溺水身亡?？吹竭@一點，幾個陌生人脫下衣服，跳到水里，毫不猶豫地救了那個溺水的人。假設你是記者，寫一篇關于溺水急救的故事。
A Drowning Man Saved by Passers-by
Cai Zuning: a 73-year-old retired worker, was walking when he heard someone screaming. A fellow jumped into the water from the bridge. The drowning man was struggling in the water desperately.
Cai wasted no time. Regardless of his own safety, he took off the clothes and dived into the freezing cold water at once. Unfortunately, Cai was too weak to draw the drowning man out of water. Seeing the urgent situation, four passers-by joined the rescue instantly. They first succeeded in carrying them onto the pavement. After laying the victims on the back, they patted their shoulders to check for a response. They made sure the drowning man was fine, but there was an urgent need to perform CPR on Cai by blowing air in and pushing down on the centre of his chest. Several minutes later, an ambulance and the police arrived. They took over the incident.
Seeing two men drowning. Meng remained calm and reacted immediately. He later said about the incident,“It's a great honour to save a life."
寫作任務
假設你是李華,你們班最近在英語課上學習了有關急救方面的一些常識,同學們普遍對這方面的知識很感興趣,大家都認為學校有必要提供相關的課程。作為班長,請你給校長寫一封信,提出你的建議,并寫出建議的理由。內容包括:
1.學習急救知識的意義; 2.具體建議及原因; 3.重申建議的重要性。
Dear Principal,
Our class studied some knowledge about first aid. We are all interested in it and feel that being able to give first aid when needed can make a difference before proper medical treatment is given.
Therefore, we suggest that courses on first aid should be offered in our school. Posters about first aid for different injuries can be put up in every corner of our campus. What’s more, our school can organize the rescue drills to provide a stage for students to practice and gain experience in first aid.
I believe having a knowledge of first aid is of vital importance. I would appreciate it if you could take our suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
假設你是李華,你們班最近在英語課上學習了有關急救方面的一些常識,同學們普遍對這方面的知識很感興趣,大家都認為學校有必要提供相關的課程。作為班長,請你給校長寫一封信,提出你的建議,并寫出建議的理由。內容包括:
1.學習急救知識的意義; 2.具體建議及原因; 3.重申建議的重要性。
Dear Principal,
Our class studied some knowledge about first aid. We are all interested in it and feel that being able to give first aid when needed can make a difference before proper medical treatment is given.
Therefore, we suggest that courses on first aid should be offered in our school. Posters about first aid for different injuries can be put up in every corner of our campus. What’s more, our school can organize the rescue drills to provide a stage for students to practice and gain experience in first aid.
I believe having a knowledge of first aid is of vital importance. I would appreciate it if you could take our suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
　　假設你和你的同學李明一起去鍋爐房打開水,在回寢室的路上,李明的熱水瓶突然破裂,開水燙傷了他的腳。于是你對他實施了必要的急救。請你結合此事,用英語寫一篇80詞左右的短文,向學校英文報Teens投稿,主要內容包括:
1.描述事故發生的經過;
2.你是如何實施急救的(冷水沖洗、送醫院做進一步的處理);
3.簡要談談你對掌握一定急救知識的重要性的認識。
參考詞匯:鍋爐房 boiler room　熱水瓶 Thermos bottle
參考范文
One day, Li Ming and I were walking back to the dorm from the boiler room when his Thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused an injury to his feet. The burn was so severe that the skin was red and swollen. However, I managed to remain calm, quickly recalling what I had learnt in my first-aid class. I placed his feet under the cool running water right away to ease the pain. Afterwards, I called a taxi and rushed him to the hospital.
Only then was I aware of how important and practical the basic knowledge about first aid was.
寫作積累
5 假設你是李華,你們班最近在英語課上學習了有關急救方面的一些常識,同學們普遍對這方面的知識很感興趣,大家都認為學校有必要提供相關的課程。作為班長,請你給校長寫一封信,提出你的建議,并寫出建議的理由。內容包括:
1.學習急救知識的意義;
2.具體建議及原因;
3.重申建議的重要性。
注意:1.詞數80左右;
2.可適當增加細節,以使行文連貫。
Dear Principal,
Our class studied some knowledge about first aid. We are all interested in it and feel that being able to give first aid when needed can make a difference before proper medical treatment is given.
Therefore, we suggest that courses on first aid should be offered in our school. Posters about first aid for different injuries can be put up in every corner of our campus. What’s more, our school can organize the rescue drills to provide a stage for students to practice and gain experience in first aid.
I believe having a knowledge of first aid is of vital importance. I would appreciate it if you could take our suggestions into consideration.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
6 假如你是Eric，你的學校預備進行消防演練，學校需要你針對校園火災做一篇安全報告，讓同學們了解火災的嚴重性并且知道面臨火災該如何應對。請根據以上內容，以“Safety Tips in Fire Accidents”為題，寫一篇報告。
要求：
1. 內容完整，可適當發揮。
2. 前后連貫，有邏輯性。
3. 詞數80---100詞左右，開頭已給出，不計入總數。
4. 文中不能出現真實姓名以及所在學校名稱。
Dear classmates,
I am so honored to stand here and give a speech about fire accident. As you know, fire accident is one of the most terrible disasters which can cause serious consequences. So knowing something about safety tips in fire accidents can help to save yourself and your classmates when in danger. Here are some tips which may help you get out of danger.
When you face a fire accident, the first and the most important thing you need to do is to keep calm. If you are too nervous, you can’t think carefully about what to do. Then call 119 at once when the fire just gets started. Take care not to be overcome by smoke, it contains harmful gas which can kill you at a short time. Cover your mouth with a wet towel or a wet cloth, and avoid getting into the smoke. More importantly, remember not to get in an elevator, which may get you trapped if the electricity fails. At last, if you can not get away by yourself, it is of great importance to hang something out of the window to get others’ attention as a sign of asking for help.
In short, if you make full preparations in advance and take measures during the fire, chances are that you will survive in case of a fire if it really breaks out some day.
Thank you for your listening.
Eric

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