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2025屆高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)素材積累與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練(2)
一家兩代務(wù)工人的生活變遷
（好詞好句+長(zhǎng)句問(wèn)答+閱讀理解+語(yǔ)法填空+應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作）
考綱解讀&命題原則
根據(jù)教育部教育考試院最新發(fā)布的高考英語(yǔ)權(quán)威解讀，2025年高考英語(yǔ)命題將圍繞“核心素養(yǎng)導(dǎo)向、時(shí)代性與育人功能相結(jié)合”的方針展開(kāi)。命題突出語(yǔ)言能力、思維品質(zhì)、文化意識(shí)和學(xué)習(xí)能力的綜合考查，注重閱讀理解中的推理能力和寫(xiě)作中的思辨表達(dá)。選取緊扣人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然三大主題語(yǔ)境，融入環(huán)保、科技、社會(huì)責(zé)任、傳統(tǒng)文化等熱點(diǎn)話題，傳遞正確價(jià)值觀。
本系列資料題型設(shè)計(jì)多樣化，如閱讀理解、語(yǔ)法填空、應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作等，全面考查語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用與思維能力。難度分等級(jí)設(shè)置，適合不同能力層級(jí)的學(xué)生。
備考建議學(xué)生廣泛閱讀、強(qiáng)化寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練，提升綜合素養(yǎng)與應(yīng)試能力。
01 作文素材積累
兩代務(wù)工人的生活變遷
好詞
Urbanization - 城市化
Migration - 遷移
Industrialization - 工業(yè)化
Opportunity - 機(jī)會(huì)
Transformation - 轉(zhuǎn)變
Struggle - 奮斗
Adaptation - 適應(yīng)
Progress - 進(jìn)步
Integration - 融合
Heritage - 傳承
好句
The rapid urbanization has significantly changed the lives of migrant workers.快速的城市化極大地改變了農(nóng)民工的生活。
Migration from rural to urban areas has become a common phenomenon in modern society.從農(nóng)村到城市的遷移已成為現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的普遍現(xiàn)象。
Industrialization has provided more job opportunities for the younger generation.工業(yè)化為年輕一代提供了更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。
The transformation from traditional farming to industrial work marks a significant shift in lifestyle.從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)到工業(yè)工作的轉(zhuǎn)變標(biāo)志著生活方式的重大變化。
The struggle of the older generation laid the foundation for the progress of the younger generation.老一輩的奮斗為年輕一代的進(jìn)步奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
Adaptation to urban life is a challenge that many migrant workers face.適應(yīng)城市生活是許多農(nóng)民工面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。
The progress in technology has made it easier for migrant workers to integrate into urban society.技術(shù)的進(jìn)步使農(nóng)民工更容易融入城市社會(huì)。
The integration of rural and urban cultures enriches the social fabric.農(nóng)村與城市文化的融合豐富了社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。
Heritage of traditional values is still preserved despite the changes in lifestyle.盡管生活方式發(fā)生了變化，傳統(tǒng)價(jià)值觀的傳承仍然得以保留。
The opportunity for education has empowered the younger generation to pursue better lives.教育的機(jī)會(huì)賦予了年輕一代追求更好生活的能力。
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02 長(zhǎng)句問(wèn)答 Q&A
Q1: How have working conditions and employment patterns shifted between two generations of migrant workers in China
A1: Older generations primarily worked in labor-intensive manufacturing under precarious（adj.不穩(wěn)定的）conditions, often without contracts. Younger workers now dominate service sectors like logistics and food delivery, with 54.5% employed in tertiary industries according to 2023 National Bureau of Statistics data. This shift reflects China's economic restructuring and digital transformation.
Q2: What technological factors differentiate contemporary migrant workers from their parents' generation
A2: Digital platforms have revolutionized work accessibility, with 68% of new-generation migrants using apps for job hunting per 2024 Tencent Research. However, this creates algorithmic（adj.算法的）dependency in gig economy jobs. While offering flexibility, it reduces job security compared to previous factory-based employment systems.
Q3: How has social security coverage evolved for migrant workers across generations
A3: Only 23% of older migrants had pension coverage versus 61% among younger workers in 2023, per Ministry of Human Resources data. Recent hukou（n.戶籍）reform trials in Guangdong allow some migrants to access urban healthcare, reducing the urban-rural welfare gap that plagued previous generations.
Q4: What cultural transformations occur when rural migrants transition to urban service industries
A4: Younger workers exhibit cosmopolitan（adj.世界性的）consumption patterns, spending 37% of income on education and tech devices versus 9% for parents' generation ( 2023 report). This reflects shifted priorities from basic survival to personal development and digital integration in urban environments.
Q5: How do intergenerational differences manifest in family structures among migrant workers
A5: While 72% of older migrants left children as left-behind（adj.留守的）youths, new-generation workers increasingly bring families to cities through improved housing policies. However, 2022 State Council data shows 38% still face childcare challenges due to urban registration barriers and high living costs.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練
03 閱讀理解 Passage1 【難度：★★☆☆☆】
Two Generations of Migrant Workers: A Story of Change
From Factories to Food Delivery
In the 1990s, Li Qiang’s father worked 12-hour shifts on assembly lines（n. 裝配線） in Guangdong factories. He earned $50 monthly, saving half to send home. Workers lived in crowded dorms, with limited contact with families. "We endured hardships for our children’s future," he recalls.
The Rise of the Gig Economy（零工經(jīng)濟(jì)）
Today, 25-year-old Li Qiang delivers food via e-bike in Hangzhou. Using apps, he earns $1,200 monthly—triple his father’s peak income. Flexible hours let him video-call his rural parents weekly. Over 30% of migrant youth now work in delivery, ride-hailing, or live-streaming sales, reports 2023 data.
Education and New Dreams
While Li’s father prioritized stability, Li Qiang invests in online courses. "I’m learning video editing," he says. His sister, a live-stream host, sells handmade crafts globally. Their father initially disapproved but now admits, "Their world has options I never imagined."
What is the main theme of the article
A. The dangers of factory work in the 1990s.
B. How technology improves family relationships.
C. Economic and social changes across two generations.
D. The importance of education for migrant workers.
What did Li Qiang’s father do in the 1990s
A. He taught video editing.
B. He worked on factory assembly lines.
C. He delivered food in cities.
D. He sold handmade crafts online.
The phrase "gig economy" in Paragraph 2 most likely refers to ____.
A. traditional factory jobs
B. short-term or flexible jobs
C. high-paying professional careers
D. government-supported employment
How do Li Qiang’s values differ from his father’s
A. He cares less about income.
B. He prefers stable working hours.
C. He focuses on skill development and new opportunities.
D. He dislikes using technology.
04 閱讀理解 Passage2 【難度：★★★★☆】
Two Generations of Migrant Workers: Shifting Realities
Factory Floors to Digital Doors
In the 1990s, migrant worker Wang Hai toiled 14-hour shifts at a Shenzhen shoe factory, earning 800 monthly. His son Wang Lin, 24, now types（v. 打字） product descriptions for e-commerce livestreamers from a Chengdu co-working space. While both left rural homes for urban opportunities, their work environments reflect China's economic transformation.
From Assembly Lines to Algorithms
Wang Hai's generation faced arduous（adj. 艱苦的） manual labor with minimal social security. Today, Wang Lin negotiates contracts through apps, enjoying health insurance and paid leave. However, the gig economy（n. 零工經(jīng)濟(jì)） brings instability - 35% of young migrant workers report income fluctuations, according to 2023 labor surveys.
Social Security and New Challenges
Improved labor laws now mandate employer insurance contributions, yet precarity（n. 不穩(wěn)定） persists. Wang Lin's team recently pivoted（v. 轉(zhuǎn)型） to AI-generated marketing content, requiring constant skill upgrades. "My father's hands bore calluses," he remarks. "Mine cramp from coding."
What primarily distinguishes Wang Lin's work from his father's
A. Higher monthly income
B. Reliance on digital technology
C. Stronger physical demands
D. Longer working hours
According to the text, what was a key characteristic of Wang Hai's work experience
A. Flexible working hours
B. Comprehensive health coverage
C. Repetitive physical tasks
D. Regular skill training
The word "precarity" in Paragraph 3 most closely means ________.
A. financial profitability
B. traditional work ethics
C. employment instability
D. rewarding experiences
What new challenge does Wang Lin's generation face according to the author
A. Inadequate urban housing policies
B. Rapid technological obsolescence（n. 淘汰）
C. Declining manufacturing sectors
D. Excessive workplace safety rules
05 語(yǔ)法填空 Passage1 【難度：★★★☆☆】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Twenty years ago, Li Ming's father worked in a factory in Guangdong, ___1___（live）in a small dormitory with five others. He ___2___（earn）enough to send money home monthly. Life was hard, but he never complained, always believing hard work would bring ___3___ better future. However, communication with family was limited due to ___4___ lack of smartphones.
Today, Li Ming works as a delivery rider in Shanghai, using ___5___ app to receive orders instantly. His income, though still modest, allows him ___6___（rent）a studio apartment alone. Unlike his father, he video calls his family weekly and shares moments ___7___ social media. The younger generation enjoys more opportunities but also faces pressures unknown ___8___ their parents' time.
The two generations' experiences reflect China's rapid development. While the father's era valued endurance, today's youth focus ___9___ self-improvement and work-life balance. Their stories, though different, both highlight the ongoing pursuit ___10___（pursue）of a better life.
（注：app（n.應(yīng)用程序）為課標(biāo)外詞匯注釋）
06 語(yǔ)法填空 Passage2 【難度：★★★★☆】
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
My father began his migrant journey in 1993, ___1___（work）as an assembly line worker in Guangdong. Each dawn, he would commute（v.通勤）to the factory ___2___ bicycle, spending 12-hour shifts handling mechanical parts. Though earning merely 800 yuan monthly, he persistently sent 90% of ___3___ salary to support our rural family. His calloused hands symbolized countless workers ___4___（shape）China's manufacturing miracle.
My generation's story differs. After graduating from vocational school, I became ___5___ AI equipment maintenance technician. While my father's generation relied on physical strength, we now program robots ___6___（ensure）production efficiency. Our monthly salaries average 15,000 yuan, enabling urban apartment purchases. However, the emotional cost ___7___（be）substantial - video calls with aging parents often end with silent tears.
This intergenerational shift ___8___（reflect）China's economic transformation. Manufacturing hubs now compete with tech parks, and migrant workers' children pursue e-commerce careers. ___9___ my father's faded work permit still hangs in our living room, I've started teaching him mobile payment skills. Our family chronicles mirror millions of Chinese households navigating between tradition ___10___ modernity, where factory whistles gradually blend with smartphone notifications.
07 書(shū)面表達(dá)：應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作 【難度：★★★★★】
假定你是李華，某國(guó)際學(xué)校"社會(huì)觀察"社團(tuán)成員。請(qǐng)你給外教Mr. Johnson寫(xiě)封倡議書(shū)，呼吁關(guān)注新生代務(wù)工者權(quán)益，內(nèi)容需包含：
1.對(duì)比父輩（建筑工人/工廠女工）與年輕一代（快遞員/網(wǎng)約車司機(jī)）的工作生活差異；
2.分析數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代務(wù)工者面臨的新挑戰(zhàn)；
3.提出兩項(xiàng)切實(shí)可行的關(guān)愛(ài)舉措。
注意事項(xiàng)：
1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾已給出，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。
Dear Mr. Johnson,
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（注：基于2023年國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)靈活就業(yè)人員已達(dá)2億，其中76.2%為80后新生代務(wù)工者，該情境設(shè)計(jì)融合了當(dāng)前數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展背景下的勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益議題）
2025屆高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)素材積累與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
一家兩代務(wù)工人的生活變遷
（參考答案與解析）
閱讀理解Passage1 1. C 解析：文章對(duì)比了兩代農(nóng)民工的工作方式（工廠流水線 vs 零工經(jīng)濟(jì)）、收入水平（$50 vs $1,200）、生活狀態(tài)（擁擠宿舍 vs 獨(dú)立公寓）和價(jià)值觀（穩(wěn)定優(yōu)先 vs 技能投資），核心主題是兩代人經(jīng)歷的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)變遷。選項(xiàng)C概括全面，其他選項(xiàng)均為細(xì)節(jié)。
2. B解析：第一段明確提到Li Qiang的父親在1990年代"worked on assembly lines in Guangdong factories"，直接對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B。
3. B解析："gig economy"指零工經(jīng)濟(jì)，后文提到外賣配送、網(wǎng)約車等靈活工作，符合"short-term or flexible jobs"的定義。
4. C解析：第三段指出Li Qiang投資在線課程學(xué)習(xí)視頻剪輯，姐姐從事直播銷售，而父親最初不認(rèn)可但最終承認(rèn)他們有更多職業(yè)選擇，體現(xiàn)新一代注重技能發(fā)展和新機(jī)會(huì)，選項(xiàng)C正確。
閱讀理解Passage2
5. B解析：Wang Lin的工作涉及"typing product descriptions for e-commerce livestreamers"和"negotiates contracts through apps"，依賴數(shù)字技術(shù)；其父從事體力勞動(dòng)，區(qū)別在于B選項(xiàng)。
6. C解析：第二段描述Wang Hai一代的"arduous manual labor"，即艱苦的體力勞動(dòng)，對(duì)應(yīng)"repetitive physical tasks"。
7. C解析："precarity"后文提到收入波動(dòng)和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型壓力，結(jié)合注釋"不穩(wěn)定"，選C（employment instability）。
8. B解析：末段提到團(tuán)隊(duì)轉(zhuǎn)向AI生成內(nèi)容需"constant skill upgrades"，暗示技術(shù)快速淘汰帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B（Rapid technological obsolescence）。
語(yǔ)法填空Passage1
living（現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，描述居住狀態(tài)）
earned（過(guò)去式，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Twenty years ago）
a（不定冠詞，a better future）
the（固定搭配due to the lack of）
an（app以元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭，用an）
to rent（allow sb to do結(jié)構(gòu)）
on（share...on social media）
to（unknown to sb 固定搭配）
on（focus on 固定搭配）
pursuit（名詞，the pursuit of）
語(yǔ)法填空Passage2
working（現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)）
by（交通方式by bicycle）
his（指代father's salary）
shaping（現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，workers shaping...）
an（AI以元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭）
to ensure（不定式表目的）
is（主語(yǔ)emotional cost單數(shù)）
reflects（主語(yǔ)shift單數(shù)）
While/Although（讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句首需連詞）
and（between...and...固定結(jié)構(gòu)）
解析基于文本細(xì)節(jié)和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，答案與上下文邏輯及語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)一致。
作文參考范文
Dear Mr. Johnson,
I am writing to draw your attention to the rights and challenges faced by the new generation of migrant workers in the digital economy pared to their parents, who worked as construction workers or factory workers, the younger generation, such as couriers and ride-hailing drivers, experience significant differences in their work and lives. While the older generation often had stable but physically demanding jobs, the younger generation faces more flexible yet uncertain employment.
In the digital economy, these workers encounter new challenges, such as lack of job security, long working hours, and limited access to social benefits. The gig economy, while providing opportunities, often leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and financial instability.
To address these issues, I propose two practical measures: first, establishing a legal framework to protect their labor rights, and second, providing affordable healthcare and insurance tailored to their needs. By taking these steps, we can ensure a fairer and more supportive environment for these essential workers.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua
Dear Mr. Johnson,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to raise awareness about the rights of the new generation of migrant workers, who play a vital role in our digital economy. Unlike their parents, who were often employed in traditional sectors like construction or manufacturing, the younger generation works in emerging fields such as delivery services and ride-sharing. This shift has brought both opportunities and challenges.
The digital economy has introduced unique difficulties, including irregular income, lack of workplace protections, and mental stress from constant connectivity. These issues highlight the need for targeted support to improve their quality of life.
To make a difference, I suggest two actionable steps: first, creating training programs to enhance their digital skills, and second, setting up community centers to offer emotional and social support. These initiatives can empower them to navigate the complexities of modern work life.
Yours sincerely,Li Hua

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