資源簡介 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)一、知識回顧present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時1.構成: has/have + done(過去分詞)2.用法:①表示過去發(fā)生的/已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響/作用e.g.: I have already read this book.②表示從過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在 也許還會進行下去 的動作/狀態(tài)e.g.: She has lived here since 3 years ago.③表示說話前發(fā)生過一次/多次的動作,現(xiàn)在已成為一種經(jīng)歷(考察較少)3.常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型:一段時間+現(xiàn)在完成時+since從句(從句用一般過去時)e.g.: Ten years have passed since I graduated from university.It/This the first/second/…time that sb. have/has done…e.g.: It is the third time that he has visited Harbin.This/That/It is+形容詞最高級+n.+定語從句(從句用現(xiàn)在完成時)e.g.: This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.二、現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)定義:現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)表示說話時已經(jīng)完成的被動性的動作或結果,主語和謂語之間為被動關系,主語是動作的承受者。常譯為“......已經(jīng)被做”。主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的原則:The students have cleaned the classroom.The classroom has been cleaned by students.“三變”: 原句主語變by 短語賓語變主語謂語由主動變被動“三不變”: 原句意思不變原句時態(tài)不變原句主謂賓以外成分不變構成:主語 + have/has + been + done + (by…)表現(xiàn)在完成 表被動4.常用句式:肯定式 主語+have/has been done...否定式 主語+have/has not been done...一般疑問式 Have/Has+主語+been done...?特殊疑問式 疑問詞+have/has+主語+been done...?例句:①A new network has been set up.一個新的網(wǎng)絡已經(jīng)建立起來了。②To Tom’s disappointment,his novel has not been published.讓湯姆失望的是,他的小說還沒有被出版。③Has his bike been repaired 他的自行車修好了嗎?④How many residents have been invited to the conference?有多少居民受到了參會邀請?5.用法(1)表示被動的動作在說話之前已經(jīng)完成,強調過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產生的結果,通常與already,yet,never,recently等副詞及時間狀語so far,by now,up till/to now,since等連用。e.g.:The database has already been updated.數(shù)據(jù)庫已經(jīng)被更新了。(現(xiàn)在可以使用新的數(shù)據(jù)庫了)(2)表示一個被動的動作或狀態(tài)從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去,常與for或since等引出的時間狀語(從句)連用,或用于how long引出的句子中。e.g.:The machine has been repaired for two hours.這臺機器已經(jīng)被修了兩個小時了。(可能還會繼續(xù)被修)(3)在狀語從句中,常用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)代替將來完成時的被動語態(tài)。(考察較少)e.g.:I will go home when my homework has been finished.當我的家庭作業(yè)已被完成時我就回家。(將來某時處于被完成的狀態(tài))【溫馨提示】6.注意事項(1)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。一般過去時的被動語態(tài)所表示的動作或狀態(tài)與現(xiàn)在的情況沒有聯(lián)系,而現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)則強調與現(xiàn)在的情況有聯(lián)系。The park was opened to the public last year.去年這個公園向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去)The park has been opened to the public.這個公園已向公眾開放。(說明動作發(fā)生于過去,但對現(xiàn)在有影響,即現(xiàn)在公園已經(jīng)向公眾開放了)(2)非延續(xù)性動詞,如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等構成的現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。若要表達相應的意思,則要改換動詞或時態(tài)。 這本書借了一周了。The book has been borrowed for a week. (x)The book has been kept for a week. (√) 這個工程已經(jīng)開始多久了?How long has this project been started (x)How long ago was this project started (√)【溫馨提示】come/arrive/buy/die/borrow/begin/finish/start等表示短暫意義的瞬間動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時,在肯定句中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。它們必須用相應的表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動詞(詞組)連用。瞬間動詞(詞組) 對應的延續(xù)性動詞(詞組)buy haveborrow keepdie be deadleave be awaycatch/get a cold have a coldcome/go here/there be here/therebegin/start be onfinish/end be overfall asleep be asleepturn off be offjoin be a member(3)帶有雙賓語的動詞,如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個保留不動。We have given him a lot of cash.→He has been given a lot of cash.→A lot of cash has been given to him.(4)帶有復合賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只能將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,原來的賓補改為主語補足語。原來省略to的不定式作賓補的,被動語態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。I have told them to take their identity cards.→They have been told to take their identity cards.我已經(jīng)告訴他們要帶上身份證。(5)短語動詞是一個不可分割的整體,在被動語態(tài)中要保持其完整性,其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。如:It is said that the problem has been looked into. 據(jù)說已經(jīng)調查了這個問題。【溫馨提示】有些短語動詞是及物的,也可以用被動語態(tài)。主要有以下三種情況:“及物動詞+副詞”型“及物動詞 +副詞”型的短語動詞,如 pick up, work out, find out, carry out, take up, figure out, throw out 等在變成被動語態(tài)時,可直接把賓語變成主語,然后把短語動詞變成被動形式即可。Many of my bad habits have been given up. 我已改掉了很多壞習慣。A new policy was carried out. 新的政策實施了Our performance is to be put off till next week. 我們的演出將被推遲到下周。② “不及物動詞+介詞”型“不及物動詞十介詞”型的短語動詞,如 look at, look after, listen to, move into, break into 等。Ancient buildings are carefully looked after. 古代建筑被精心地保護著The new song is not popular and is seldom listened to. 這支新歌不受歡迎,很少被人聽。③“動詞十副詞十介詞”或“動詞十名詞+介詞”型這樣的短語大多都能變?yōu)楸粍有问剑纾簂ook down upon(輕視),do away with (廢除;弄死),take care of(關心,照顧),make use of(利用),play a part in(起作用),pay attention to(注意),put up with(忍受)等。有時可把“動詞 +名詞+介詞”型短語動詞中的名詞變成被動語態(tài)的主語。More attention should be paid to our environment. 應該多注意我們的環(huán)境。Such bad behaviour can't be put up with. 這么惡劣的行為不能容忍。有的短語動詞還可以有兩種被動形式。We should take good care of the old people. 我們應該好好照顧老人。→ Good care should be taken of the old people→ The old people should be taken good care of.I will make full use of my spare time to learn English. 我將充分利用我的空余時間學英語→Full use will be made of my spare time to learn English→ My spare time will be made full use of to learn English.三、現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的解題步驟1.找標志:找到句中常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞或時間狀語2.圈主語:找到句中的主語,判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù)3.定語態(tài):確定主語與謂語動詞之間的被動關系 展開更多...... 收起↑ 資源預覽 縮略圖、資源來源于二一教育資源庫