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(共56張PPT)
人教新目標(biāo)版 八年級下
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
2d&Grammar focus-4c優(yōu)質(zhì)課
Learning objectives
1.掌握本課時重點詞匯和句型：raise, midnight, alone,put up, be busy with, be worried about...等.
2. 能夠了解動詞不定式的基本用法，在實際運(yùn)用中體會和領(lǐng)悟不定式的表意功能。
3.掌握動詞不定式的用法和功能；短語動詞。
4. 培養(yǎng)學(xué)生為他人著想，熱愛公益事業(yè)，樂于助人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。
Warming-up
With the aging of the population, there are more and more old people in China.
We’re all going to be old one day. We should care for the old.
Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
What can we do in an old people’s home
Brainstorm
cut their hair
read the newspaper
give out watermelons
talk to them
put on a performance
What can we do in an old people’s home
What are they talking about
They are talking about working in an old people’s home.
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
Read the conversation and answer the questions.
2.How did Tom help out with the old people
4.Why did Tom and Helen think they should listen to and
care for the old people
3.What did the old people tell Tom
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
The stories about the past and how things used to be.
We’re all going to be old one day, too.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m __________________to work in an old people’s
home this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ______________________
Tom: Mm…things like reading the newspaper to the old people,
or just ___________ them. They told me stories about the
past and how things _________.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should
_____________ and _____________.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too.
making some plans
ask you to help out with
talking to
used to be
listen to them
care for them
制定一些計劃
help (sb.) out 分擔(dān)……工作；幫一把；幫助（某人）擺脫困境
talk to sb.與某人交談
tell sb. sth.告訴某人某事
used to 曾經(jīng)…；過去…
孤獨的
listen to sb. 聽某人的話
照顧
Listen and read.
2d
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Language points
used to 曾經(jīng)……；過去…… 表示過去一度存在或經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動作或狀態(tài)。其后接動詞原形，且不與表示過去的時間狀語連用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意為“習(xí)慣做某事”，to 在此處為介詞。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
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2.①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely 形容詞 意為“孤獨的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤獨，帶有傷感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意為“荒涼的；偏僻的”，通常用于名詞前作定語 alone 副詞 意為“獨自；單獨”，相當(dāng)于by oneself。（②句中用法） 強(qiáng)調(diào)沒有同伴的客觀情況，不含感彩。
形容詞 意為“單獨的；獨自的”，常用作表語。 Though John was not alone, he was lonely.
雖然約翰并不是獨自一個人,他卻感覺寂寞。
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care
care for照顧；非常喜歡
care about 關(guān)心；在意
take care當(dāng)心；小心
take care of 照顧
【歸納總結(jié)】 與care相關(guān)的短語：
care for在此處意為“照顧”，相當(dāng)于look after 或take care of。
care for還可意為“非常喜歡”，常與not連用。
She cared for my little baby when I went out.
我出去時，她照看我的小孩子。
She doesn't care for skating.她不喜歡滑冰。
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
Tom worked in an old people's home 　 　 summer. He did many things to help the old people, like reading 　 ____ or just talking to them.The old people told him 　　__ about the past and how things 　 ____ be.Tom thinks that a lot of people are ______ so we should listen to them and _________ them. Helen agrees with Tom, because she thinks we are
all going to be 　 one day.
last
newspapers
stories
used to
lonely
care for
old
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Post reading
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Role-play the conversation.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work...
Really I did that last summer!
Post reading
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Please underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
“to+動詞原形”，
有時to可省略。
Grammar Focus
一、動詞不定式（infinitive）
定義
動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句中不能作謂語。
構(gòu)成
動詞不定式的基本形式是“to+動詞原形”，常寫作to do(有時to可以省略)。
動詞不定式（infinitive）
用法
動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語等。
做主語
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
To learn English is important and useful.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
一般位于句首，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
做主語
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
=It is his dream to travel around the world.
To learn English is important and useful.
=It important and useful to learn English.
為了避免句子“頭重腳輕”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主語，而將不定式放在后面作真正的主語。
做賓語
用法
We decide to plant trees this weekend.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
I want to be a volunteer.
做賓語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
三個希望(hope, wish, want)
兩答應(yīng)(agree, promise)
兩個要求(demand, ask)莫拒絕(refuse)
設(shè)法(manage)學(xué)會(learn)做決定(decide)
不要假裝(pretend)在選擇(choose)
不定式作
賓語的動詞
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom
after school.
Mary invited her friends to come
to her birthday party.
動詞不定式用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的情況。
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
常接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(短語)
tell, ask, want, teach, wish, promise, expect, invite, help, order, would like
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
感官動詞(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
I saw them enter the room.
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
I saw them enter the room.
When I passed the classroom,
I saw them singing.
see sb. do sth. 意為“看見某人做某事”，表示看見了事情的全過程或者多次看見。賓語補(bǔ)足語的動作已完成，動詞用省略to的不定式。
see sb. doing sth. 意為“看見某人正在做某事”，表示賓語補(bǔ)足語的動作正在進(jìn)行，動詞用動名詞形式。
其他感官動詞也是這樣的用法哦！
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
使役動詞(make, let, have)后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
My parents make me do some housework.
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
help后面的動詞不定式可加to，也可不加to。
Could you help me (to) carry the box
做賓語補(bǔ)足語
用法
動詞不定式（infinitive）
一感(feel)二聽(listen to, hear)
三讓(let, make, have)
四看(look at, see, watch, notice)
半幫助(help)
(即在動詞 help 后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，to可有可無)
后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語
做表語
用法
My dream is to be an astronaut.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
Her job is to look after sick children.
動詞不定式做表語常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is…
做定語
用法
I have much homework to do.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
He wants to have something to eat.
用法
I have a pen to write with.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
She doesn’t have a house to live in.
不定式與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系，若是不及物動詞, 介詞不能省略。
做定語
做狀語
用法
To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
We should work together to save the Earth.
目的狀語:動詞不定式可表示某一動作或狀態(tài)的目的，位于句首或句尾。
做狀語
用法
I’m happy to see you again.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
I am sorry to trouble you.
原因狀語:在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語。
做狀語
用法
He is old enough to go to school by himself.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
He is too shy to ask anyone for help.
結(jié)果狀語可用于too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中。
疑問詞+不定式
用法
He doesn’t know where to go.
動詞不定式（infinitive）
Could you tell me how to learn English
與特殊疑問詞連用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等詞之后。
用法
疑問詞
+不定式
做主語
做定語
做賓語
補(bǔ)足語
做狀語
做表語
做賓語
總結(jié)
(summary)
動詞不定式（infinitive）
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Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短語動詞
（Phrasal verbs）
Grammar Focus
類型
動詞+副詞
give away 捐贈 hand out 分發(fā)
put up 舉起；張貼 put off 推遲
副詞有：
up, out, down, off, away, in...
二、動詞短語（phrasal verb）
類型
動詞+副詞
名詞作賓語時，可放在動詞與副詞之間或副詞之后；代詞作賓語時只能放在動詞和副詞之間。
Can you help me pick up the pen
He gave them away to poor children.
Can you help me pick the pen up
類型
動詞+介詞
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顧 agree with 同意
介詞后須有賓語，賓語位于介詞后。介詞有：for, after, about, of, with, at...
類型
動詞+介詞
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顧 agree with 同意
Do you agree with me
She is waiting for the bus.
類型
動詞+副詞
+介詞
come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相處
相當(dāng)于及物動詞，賓語總是位于介詞之后
類型
動詞+副詞
+介詞
come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相處
She came up with a good idea.
I am looking forward to your reply.
類型
動詞+名詞
have a cold 感冒
make a difference 影響；有作用
take a walk 散步
They take a walk in the park.
She had a cold last week.
類型
動詞+名詞
+介詞
take part in 參加
pay attention to 注意
make friends with 交朋友
We can make friends with nice people.
I want to take part in the football match.
類型
be動詞+
形容詞+介詞
be interested in 對……感興趣
be similar to 類似的
be different from 與……不同
He is interested in fishing.
They are different from each other.
類型
總結(jié)
(summary)
動詞+副詞
動詞+介詞
動詞+副詞+介詞
動詞+名詞
動詞+名詞+介詞
be動詞+形容詞+介詞
動詞短語（phrasal verb）
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with give out
put off
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
put off
2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
call up
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to _______ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
be busy with... 忙于，后接名詞或代詞
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _______others.
to make
to do
to help
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
be worried about 擔(dān)心……
為……籌款
1. I’d like to volunteer _____________________________________
2. At 12: a.m., I called my friend ______________________________
to help kids with their homework.
to play soccer together.
3. I’m very busy but I could help ______________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want_____________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not)_____________________
take the trash out after dinner.
to go camping with my friends.
not to do that.
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
4c
9. A friend in need is a friend indeed. All of us need a friend _______.（黑龍江-綏化）
to talk with B. talking with C. to talk
10.---Would you like ____ a film with us tonight
--- Sorry, I have to help my mother do housework.（黑龍江-大慶）
A. see B. to see C. seeing D.to seeing
中考鏈接
32. —Have you ever heard that China is building a nationwide 5G network
—Right. 5G will allow us _________ English movies faster than ever. (湖北-咸寧)
A. download B. downloads
C. to download D. downloading
中考鏈接
35. — Come and see! The baby is crying.
—Please do something to make him____________. (湖北-咸寧)
A. stop crying B. stop to cry C. crying D. cry
34. ---In my opinion, animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
---I think so. Forests are the best places for animals ________.
(湖北-孝感)
A. live B. living C. to live D. to live in
中考鏈接
6. Our school has _____ a sign at the gate saying “Greet our child with a smile, not a mobile” .（黑龍江-齊齊哈爾）
A. put up B. put off
C. put on D. broke out
中考鏈接
23. ---I don’t think teachers should give too much homework to _____
the free time of students．（貴州-安順）
---Exactly!
A. give up B. take up C. look up D. put up

8. Those young firemen were brave enough to __________ the fire in
the forest. （江蘇-淮安）
A. work out B. put out C. hand out D. look out
中考鏈接
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php

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