資源簡介

小學(xué)英語
語法時(shí)態(tài)講解與歸納
第一講【正在進(jìn)行時(shí)】
一、意義：表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。
二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志——now，句前的look ,listen
三、構(gòu)成：be (am, is ,are )+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式
1.肯定句： 主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞V-ing (+ 其他)
例：I’m doing my homework now 。
2.否定句：主語+be+not+動詞-ing +其他.
例：I’m not doing my homework now。
3.一般疑問句：Be+主語+動詞-ing +其他？
Are you doing your home work now
肯定回答：Yes, I am .
否定回答：No , I’m not 。
4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動詞-ing+其他？
例：What are you doing now
四. 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：
(1)一般在動詞末尾直接加ing,
例：play →playing go→going fly →flying collect →collecting
(2)以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，先去掉e,再加ing，
例：skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing
have → having ride → riding come → coming
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，中間只有一個(gè)元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing,
如： put → putting run → running begin → beginning
stop → stopping swim → swimming shop → shopping
jog → jogging sit → sitting get → getting
forget → forgetting let → letting
【練習(xí)】
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.Mr Zhang___________________（read）a book now.
2.The rabbits_______________（run）now.
3.--What are you doing
--I_________________（do）my homework.
4.--_______the students______________（play）now
--Yes,they are.
5.--Who_______________（sing）now
--Lily is.
6.Look!Tom_________________________（not learn）English.He is studying Chinese.
7.The girls__________________（not eat）bananas now.
8.--Where______they__________________（stand）
--They are standing over there.
9.Look!the bus____________________（stop）.
10.My dad_______________________________（have）a bath in the bathroom.My mum_____________________（make）a cake in the kitchen.
二、翻譯下面句子。
1.兔子正在吃胡蘿卜。
__________________________________________________________
2.琳達(dá)正在騎馬嗎？
__________________________________________________________
3.聽！湯姆現(xiàn)在不彈琴了。
__________________________________________________________
4.孩子們在操場上跑步嗎？
___________________________________________________________
5.--動物正在干什么？
--一只獅子正在看電視，一只老虎正在讀書，一只河馬正在打乒乓球，一只貓正在游泳。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
把下面句子改寫成否定句。
I am cleaning my room.
____________________________________________________________________________
He is playing basketball.
____________________________________________________________________________
We are flying kites.
____________________________________________________________________________
四、把下面句子改寫成一般疑問句。
1.I am cleaning my room.
____________________________________________________________________________
2.He is playing basketball.
____________________________________________________________________________
3.We are flying kites.
___________________________________________________________________________
第二講【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】
一. 意義：表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情，動作或存在的狀態(tài)
二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…
三、 構(gòu)成及變化
1.be動詞的變化。
肯定句：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。
例：I am a boy。我是一個(gè)男孩。
否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。
例：He is not a worker。他不是工人。
一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。
例：-Are you a student 　
肯定回答：Yes，I am.
否定回答：No, I'm not.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。
如：Where is my bike
2. 行為動詞的變化。
當(dāng)主語為第一，二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，助動詞為do
肯定句：主語+動詞原形(+其它)。
例：We often play basketball after school。
否定句：主語+ don't+動詞原形(+其它)。
例：we don’t play basketball after school。
一般疑問句：Do +主語+動詞原形+其它？
例： Do you often play basketball after school 肯定回答：Yes, we do.
否定回答：No, we don't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以do開頭的一般疑問句？
如： What do you often do after school
當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) ,助動詞為does
肯定句：主語+動詞三單式(+其它)。
如： He swims well。
否定句：主語+ doesn’t+動詞原形(+其它)。
如：He doesn’t swim well。.
一般疑問句：Does +主語+動詞原形+其它。
如：Does he swim well 肯定回答：Yes, he does.
否定回答：No, he doesn't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以does開頭的一般疑問句？
如： How does your father go to work
四、第三人稱單數(shù)的動詞變化規(guī)則(只有在第三人稱為主語的肯定句中，動詞才用三單形式)
(1)多數(shù)動詞直接加s:
run → runs get → gets like → likes collect → collects
take → takes play → plays climb → climbs
(2)結(jié)尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前為輔音字母，結(jié)尾加es
如:watch → watches teach → teaches go → goes
do → does wash → washes
(3)動詞末尾y前為輔音：將y改為i加es: study→studies
fly→flies carry→carries cry→cries
但在y前如果為元音則直接加s:
buy → buys say → says
例：He goes to school at seven.
Linda buys a lot of fruit.
My father likes watching TV.
【練習(xí)】
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.He ________（like）art very much.He________________（draw）a horse now.
2.My mother_________（work）in a primary school and I___________（study）at the same school.
3.I _________（have）a bike and Ben ___________（have）a bike,too.
4.My sister_______（be）a pupil.She __________（study）very hard.
5.Who ________（cook）breakfast for your family
6.My father_________（be）a teacher.He __________（teach）Chinese in a primary school.
二、把下面的句子改成否定句。
1.He likes playing basketball.
__________________________________________________________________________
I do my homework at six o’clock every afternoon.
________________________________________________________________________
Jane is a doctor.
________________________________________________________________________
We have English classes on Monday.
_______________________________________________________________________
He can speak English.
_____________________________________________________________________
三、把下面的句子改成一般疑問句。
1. He likes playing basketball.
__________________________________________________________________________
I do my homework at six o’clock every afternoon.
________________________________________________________________________
Jane is a doctor.
________________________________________________________________________
We have English classes on Monday.
_______________________________________________________________________
He can speak English.
_____________________________________________________________________
第三講【一般將來時(shí)】
一. 意義：表示將要發(fā)生的事情，動作或存在的狀態(tài)
二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：tomorrow,two years later,next year,next night,next week
三、 構(gòu)成及變化
構(gòu)成一：
肯定句：主語+be going to+動詞原形+其它
例：I am going to swim tomorrow.明天我將去游泳。
否定句：主語+ be + not going to+動詞原形+其它。
例： I am not going to swim tomorrow.明天我將不去游泳。
一般疑問句：Be +主語+going to+動詞原形+其它。
例：-Are you going to swim tomorrow
肯定回答：Yes，I am.
否定回答：No, I'm not.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。
如：What are you going to do tomorrow
結(jié)構(gòu)二：
肯定句：主語+will+動詞原形+其它。
例：I will swim tomorrow.
否定句：主語+ will not（=won't）+動詞原形(+其它)。
例：I won't swim tomorrow.
一般疑問句：Will+主語+動詞原形+其它？
例： Will you swim tomorrow
肯定回答：Yes, I will.
否定回答：No, I won't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句
如： What will you do tomorrow
【練習(xí)】
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.I____________________（play football）on the playground tomorrow.
2.She________________________（ride a horse）with her sister next week.
3.We_______________________（sing a song）in the classroom next class.
4.He______________________（see）his parents next month.
5.They____________________（visit）the Great Wall next year.
二、翻譯下列句子。
1.她明天下午四點(diǎn)將要游泳。
____________________________________________________________________________________
2.他明年將要學(xué)英語。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3.Linda下周六將要去畫畫。
____________________________________________________________________________________
4.你們明天將要去拜訪你們的叔叔嗎？
____________________________________________________________________________________
5.他們下午七點(diǎn)將要吃晚飯嗎？
____________________________________________________________________________________
第四講【一般過去時(shí)】
一. 意義：表示過去發(fā)生的事情，動作或存在的狀態(tài)
二、時(shí)間標(biāo)志：yesterday,two years ago,last year,last night,last week
三、 構(gòu)成及變化
1.be動詞的變化。
肯定句：主語+be（was,were）+其它。
例：I was ten years old last year。我去年10歲。
否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。
例：She wasn't here yesterday.她昨天不在這里。
一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。
例：-Were you ten years old last year 　
肯定回答：Yes，I was.
否定回答：No, I wasn't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。
如：How old was she last year
2. 行為動詞的變化。
肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其它。
例：We played basketball yesterday。
否定句：主語+ didn't+動詞原形(+其它)。
例：we didn’t play basketball yesterday。
一般疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形+其它？
例： Did you play basketball yesterday 肯定回答：Yes, we did.
否定回答：No, we didn't.
特殊疑問句：疑問詞+以did開頭的一般疑問句？
如： What did you do yesterday
動詞過去式：
如:teach → taught catch → caught take → took
make → made have → had am/is → was
are → were do → did learn → learnt
go → went come → came eat → ate
buy → bought know → knew die →died
live → lived give → gave leave → left
say → said see → saw can → could
get → got write → wrote feel → felt
hear → heard
【練習(xí)】
一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。
1.My father ___________________（not stay）at home yesterday.
He______________to Guangzhou last week.
2.Who_______________（teach）you Maths last year.
3.__________they________（visit）the zoo last Sunday
4.When______you________（take）these photos
5.Last Saturday my mother________（go）shopping and _________（buy）me a dress.
6.When______your brother ______（get）here
7.Ben_______（have）a cold last week.
8.________（There be）many beautiful flowers in our school before.
9.______________（There be）a heavy rain,last night.
10.__________（There be）any milk in the bottle before.
二、把下面的句子改成否定句。
1. He played basketball last Saturday.
__________________________________________________________________________
I did my homework at six o’clock yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
Jane was a doctor three years ago.
________________________________________________________________________
We had English classes last Monday.
_______________________________________________________________________
三、把下面的句子改成一般疑問句。
1. He played basketball last Saturday.
__________________________________________________________________________
I did my homework at six o’clock yesterday.
________________________________________________________________________
Jane was a doctor three years ago.
________________________________________________________________________
We had English classes last Monday.
_______________________________________________________________________
第五講【名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)】
變化規(guī)則：
1、一般名詞復(fù)數(shù)是在名詞后面加上“s”，
如map→maps， bag→bags， book-books等；
2、以s，x， sh， ch結(jié)尾的詞加“es”，
如bus→buses ，watch→watches， box- boxes等；
3、以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),去掉f， fe 加ves的名詞有：
half→halves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves
4、以o 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：
a）加s的名詞有（無生命）：
photo→photos ， piano→pianos， radio→radios
b）加es的名詞有（有生命）：
potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes
5、以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i加es，
如baby→babies, family-families, study-studies等；
以元音字母＋ y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，直接加s變復(fù)數(shù)，
如monkey→monkeys， holiday→holidays， boys→boys；
6、變內(nèi)部元音的單詞：
foot-feet, goose-geese, tooth-teeth mouse-mice
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen
7、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的單詞：
fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer,
表示“某國人”的名詞，其單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)有三種情況：
1)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：
Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese
2)變詞尾的man為men
Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen
詞尾加-s
German-Germans Roman-Romans American-Americans
Indian-Indians
“某國人”變復(fù)數(shù)助記口訣：中日不變，英法變，其它國人加s.
復(fù)合名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
boy student-boy students girl student-girl students
將兩部分都變成復(fù)數(shù)
woman doctor-women doctors man teacher-men teachers
【練習(xí)】
一、請寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
city _________ zoo _________ country ________ tooth _________
mouse _________ boy _________ broom ________ car _________
tree _________ horse _________ bus _________ fox ______
branch _____ baby _______ family _________ country _________
radio _______ photo _________ piano _________ knife _________
leaf _________ life_____ thief_______ man _________
woman_______ child_______ foot________ woman teacher _____________
watch_______ photo________ diary _________ day________
foot________ book_______ dress________ tooth_______
sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____________ peach______
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. A cat has four ____ .
A. Foots B. feet C. feets
2. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
A. American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C. American, Janpaneses
3. Can you see nine ____ in the picture
A. fish B. book C. horse
4. The _____ has two______.
A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
5. The _____ are flying back to their country.
A. Germany B.Germanys C. Germans
6. The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.
A. tooths B. teeth C. teeth
7. How many ______ do you see in the picture
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato
8. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
women teacher D. woman teacher
9. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German
B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany
D. Germans, Germany
10. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes
三、填入所給名詞的正確形式
1. I have two__________ (knife)
2. There are many __________ here. (box)
3. There are many ________ on the road. (bus)
4. A few _________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The _____________ are playing football now. (child)
6.I have lots of _______________(tomato)here.
7.The baby has two______________(tooth).
8.How many____________(sheep)are there
第六講【形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級】
一、構(gòu)成規(guī)則：
1．一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級在后面加-er,最高級在后面加-est；
（1）單音節(jié)詞
如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
　　tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
（2）雙音節(jié)詞
　　如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2．以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級后加-r,最高級在原級后加-st；
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest
3．在重讀閉音節(jié)（即：輔音＋元音＋輔音）中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est； 大胖濕熱瘦傷心
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest wet→wetter→wettest
thin→thinner→thinnest sad→sadder→saddest
　　4．以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞, 把y改為i,比較級加-er,最高級加-est；
　　如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
　　busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
　　5．其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級在前面加more,最高級在前面加most；
　　如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
　　different→more different→most different
popular→more popular→most popular
　　6．有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記.
　　如：good→better→best well→better→best
　　bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
many/much→more→most little→less→least
　　old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
　　far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
　　二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的用法
　　1．“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思為“A比B更……”.
　　如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高.
　　注意：
　　2．“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越……”
　　如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
　　春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和了.
　　It is getting cooler and cooler.
　　天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?
　　The wind became more and more heavily.
　　風(fēng)變得越來越大.
　　Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
　　我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗.
　　3．在含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級形式.
如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom 誰更高,Tim還是Tom
【練習(xí)】
一、用適當(dāng)形式填空：
1. Bob is _____________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred.
2. Tom is not as ___________ (tall) as Tim.
3..Which is ____________ (heavy),a hen or a chicken
4. Linda is ____________ (short) than Sally. She is also the ____________ (short) girl in the class.
6. Sally is the ___________ (kind) person in the world.
7.He is the________________________(friendly) people in the class.
8. A dictionary is ____________________ (expensive) than a story-book.
9. An orange is _________ (big) than an apple, but ___________ (small) than a
watermelon.
10. The Changjiang River is the ____________ (long) river in China.
11. Sue is _______________________ (beautiful) than her sister.
12.Chinese is ____________________ (difficult) than maths.
13. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
14. He comes to school ____________ (early) than I.
15. Your classroom is __________(wide) and ___________________(bright) than ours.
16. a lion is______________________(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _______________________ (dangerous) animal in the world.

展開更多......

收起↑