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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 單詞講義-2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)人教版(2019)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

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Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 單詞講義-2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)人教版(2019)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

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選擇性必修三 unit4 單詞講義
adversity n. 逆境;困境;厄運(yùn)
e.g. She showed great courage in the face of adversity.(她在逆境中表現(xiàn)出極大的勇氣。)
in adversity(在逆境中);overcome adversity(戰(zhàn)勝逆境)
記憶:adverse(不利的;有害的),adverse effects(負(fù)面影響)
同義詞:hardship, misfortune
wage n. 工資;薪水;v. 開(kāi)始,發(fā)動(dòng)(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、運(yùn)動(dòng)等)
e.g. He earns a decent wage working in the factory.(他在工廠工作,掙著一份不錯(cuò)的薪水。);
The government is waging a war on poverty.(政府正在開(kāi)展一場(chǎng)消除貧困的運(yùn)動(dòng)。)
wage war on/against(向……開(kāi)戰(zhàn);開(kāi)展針對(duì)……的行動(dòng));wage increase(工資增長(zhǎng))
waged(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);waging(現(xiàn)在分詞)
記憶:wager(打賭)
同義詞:n. salary, pay;v. start, launch
bitter
adj. 苦的;痛苦的;充滿(mǎn)憤怒的;adv. 激烈地;極其
e.g. The medicine tastes bitter.(這藥嘗起來(lái)很苦。);
He was bitter about losing the game.(他因輸?shù)舯荣惗錆M(mǎn)怨恨。)
bitter taste(苦味);bitter cold(嚴(yán)寒);bitter enemies(死對(duì)頭)
bitterness n.
記憶:better(更好的)
同義詞:adj. sour(酸的,有苦味的含義);painful, angry
expedition n.探險(xiǎn);遠(yuǎn)征;探險(xiǎn)隊(duì);考察隊(duì)
e.g. The scientists went on an expedition to the Amazon rainforest.(科學(xué)家們前往亞馬遜雨林進(jìn)行探險(xiǎn)。)
go on an expedition(去探險(xiǎn));expedition team(探險(xiǎn)隊(duì))
expeditions(pl.)
記憶:expedite(加快;促進(jìn))
同義詞:journey, voyage, exploration
endurance n.忍耐力;持久力;耐力
e.g. Long - distance running is a great test of endurance.(長(zhǎng)跑是對(duì)耐力的極大考驗(yàn)。)
physical endurance(身體耐力);endurance training(耐力訓(xùn)練)
endure v.;enduring adj.
記憶:與tolerance詞形有一定相似性,tolerance意為“容忍;寬容”
同義詞:tolerance, stamina(耐力;持久力)
vigour n.活力;精力;氣勢(shì)
e.g. The children are full of vigour in the morning.(孩子們?cè)缟铣錆M(mǎn)活力。)
with vigour(精力充沛地);lose vigour(失去活力)
vigorous adj.;vigorously adv.
記憶:rigour(嚴(yán)格;嚴(yán)厲)
同義詞:energy, vitality
qualified adj.有資格的;能勝任的;合格的;有限度的
e.g. She is a qualified doctor and can treat patients well.(她是一名合格的醫(yī)生,能很好地治療病人。)
be qualified for/to do sth.(有資格做某事);qualified personnel(合格人員)
qualify v.; qualification n.
記憶:quantity(數(shù)量)
同義詞:competent, eligible(有資格的;符合條件的)
enthusiastic adj.熱情的;熱心的;滿(mǎn)腔熱忱的
e.g. The students are enthusiastic about the school trip.(學(xué)生們對(duì)學(xué)校組織的旅行充滿(mǎn)熱情。)
be enthusiastic about(對(duì)……熱情);enthusiastic support(熱情支持)
enthusiasm n.;enthusiastically adv.
記憶:enthusiast(愛(ài)好者;熱心人)
同義詞:passionate, eager
aboard prep. 在(船、飛機(jī)、火車(chē)等)上;adv. 在船(或飛機(jī)、火車(chē)等)上
e.g. Let’s go aboard the plane.(我們上飛機(jī)吧。);
The passengers were all aboard.(乘客們都已登機(jī)。)
go aboard(上船/飛機(jī)/火車(chē)等);all aboard(請(qǐng)大家上船/飛機(jī)等)
記憶:abroad(在國(guó)外)
同義詞:on board
cupboard n.櫥柜;衣柜;食物柜
e.g. Put the clothes in the cupboard.(把衣服放進(jìn)衣柜里。)
kitchen cupboard(廚房櫥柜);wardrobe cupboard(衣柜)
同義詞:cabinet, closet
assign v. 分配;指派;指定;布置(作業(yè)等)
e.g. The teacher assigned a difficult task to the students.(老師給學(xué)生們布置了一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。)
assign sth. to sb.(把某物分配給某人);assign sb. to do sth.(指派某人做某事)
assignment n.;assigned(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);assigning(現(xiàn)在分詞)
記憶:resign(辭職)
同義詞:allocate, distribute
envy n. 羨慕;忌妒;v. 羨慕;忌妒
e.g. I feel a bit of envy when I see her new dress.(我看到她的新裙子時(shí)有點(diǎn)羨慕。);She envies her sister’s talent.(她嫉妒她姐姐的才華。)
feel envy at/of(對(duì)……感到羨慕);out of envy(出于嫉妒)
envious adj.;enviously adv.
同義詞:jealousy n.;jealous adj.
crush
v. 壓碎;擠壓變形;擠壞;粉碎;迷戀;n. 擁擠的人群;迷戀
e.g. Don’t crush the flowers.(別把花壓壞了。);
She has a crush on the famous singer.(她迷戀那位著名歌手。)
crush into(擠進(jìn));crush on(迷戀)
crushed(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);crushing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
記憶:brush(刷子)
同義詞:v. squeeze, compress;n. infatuation(迷戀)
sink v. 下沉;沉沒(méi);下降;降低;陷入;n. 水槽;洗滌槽
e.g. The boat began to sink.(船開(kāi)始下沉。);
Put the dirty dishes in the sink.(把臟盤(pán)子放在水槽里。)
sink into(陷入);sink or swim(成敗全靠自己)
sank(過(guò)去式);sunk(過(guò)去分詞);sinking(現(xiàn)在分詞)
同義詞:v. descend, drop;n. basin
abandon v. 拋棄;遺棄;放棄;中止;陷入;n. 放任;放縱
e.g. He abandoned his plan because of lack of money.(由于缺錢(qián),他放棄了計(jì)劃。);
The old house was abandoned years ago.(那座老房子多年前就被遺棄了。)
abandon oneself to(沉溺于);abandon ship(棄船)
abandoned(adj. 被遺棄的;廢棄的);abandonment n.
同義詞:desert, give up
miserable adj.痛苦的;悲慘的;可憐的;令人難受的
e.g. He felt miserable after losing his job.(他失業(yè)后感到很痛苦。)
miserable life(悲慘的生活)
misery n.;miserably adv.
同義詞:unhappy, wretched
voyage n. 航行;航海;航天;v. 航行;遠(yuǎn)航
e.g. They went on a long - distance voyage.(他們進(jìn)行了一次長(zhǎng)途航行。);
The ship voyaged across the ocean.(這艘船遠(yuǎn)航穿越大洋。)
go on a voyage(航海);sea voyage(海上航行)
同義詞:journey, trip, cruise
decent adj. 得體的;正派的;相當(dāng)好的;像樣的
e.g. He always dresses in a decent way.(他總是穿著得體。);
It’s a decent restaurant with good food.(這是一家不錯(cuò)的餐廳,食物很好。)
decent clothes(得體的衣服);a decent job(一份不錯(cuò)的工作)
decency n.;decently adv.
同義詞:proper, respectable
selfish adj. 自私的;利己的
e.g. Don’t be so selfish and share your toys with others.(別這么自私,和別人分享你的玩具。)
selfishly adv.;selfishness n.
記憶:selfless(無(wú)私的)
同義詞:egocentric, greedy
genuine adj. 真正的;真誠(chéng)的;真實(shí)的;名副其實(shí)的
e.g. This is a genuine diamond, not a fake.(這是一顆真正的鉆石,不是假的。);
He showed genuine concern for her.(他對(duì)她表現(xiàn)出真誠(chéng)的關(guān)心。)
genuine love(真愛(ài));genuine leather(真皮)
genuinely adv.;genuineness n.
同義詞:real, authentic
persevere adj. 堅(jiān)持;不屈不撓;堅(jiān)持不懈
e.g. If you persevere in your studies, you will succeed.(如果你堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí),你會(huì)成功的。)
persevere in/with sth.(堅(jiān)持某事)
perseverance n.;persevering adj.
同義詞:persist, stick to
resolve v. 決定;決心;解決(問(wèn)題、困難等);分解;n. 決心;堅(jiān)定的信念
e.g. He resolved to change his bad habits.(他決心改掉壞習(xí)慣。);
We need to resolve this problem quickly.(我們需要盡快解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
resolve to do sth.(決心做某事);resolve a conflict(解決沖突)
resolution n.;resolved(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);resolving(現(xiàn)在分詞)
同義詞:v. decide, determine;n. solution
cruel adj.殘酷的;殘忍的;無(wú)情的;引起痛苦的
e.g. It’s cruel to treat animals like that.(那樣對(duì)待動(dòng)物很殘忍。)
cruel behavior(殘忍的行為);be cruel to(對(duì)……殘忍)
cruelly adv.;cruelty n.
同義詞:brutal, harsh
thorough adj.徹底的;完全的;細(xì)致的;深入的
e.g. The mechanic gave the car a thorough check.(機(jī)械師對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行了徹底檢查。)
a thorough search(徹底搜查);thorough knowledge(淵博的知識(shí))
thoroughly adv.;thoroughness n.
記憶:through(通過(guò);穿過(guò))
同義詞:complete, comprehensive
fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地;幸虧
e.g. Fortunately, it didn’t rain during the picnic.(幸運(yùn)的是,野餐時(shí)沒(méi)有下雨。)
fortunate adj.;fortune(n. 運(yùn)氣;財(cái)富)
同義詞:luckily, thankfully
recreation n. 娛樂(lè);消遣;游戲
e.g. Swimming is a popular form of recreation.(游泳是一種受歡迎的娛樂(lè)方式。)
recreation center(娛樂(lè)中心);outdoor recreation(戶(hù)外娛樂(lè))
recreational adj.
同義詞:entertainment, amusement
guidance n. 指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo);導(dǎo)航
e.g. We got a lot of guidance from our teacher.(我們從老師那里得到了很多指導(dǎo)。)
under the guidance of(在……的指導(dǎo)下)
guided(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);guiding(現(xiàn)在分詞)
同義詞:direction, instruction
advertise v.登廣告;為……做廣告;公布;征聘
e.g. They advertised their house for sale.(他們登廣告出售房子。)
advertise for(登廣告征求/尋找);advertise sth.(為某物做廣告)
advertisement n.;advertiser(n. 廣告商);advertised(過(guò)去式/過(guò)去分詞);advertising(現(xiàn)在分詞;n. 廣告業(yè))
同義詞:promote, publicize
corporate adj.公司的;企業(yè)的;團(tuán)體的;共同的
e.g. Corporate management is very important for a company’s development.(企業(yè)管理對(duì)公司的發(fā)展非常重要。)
corporate image(企業(yè)形象);corporate social responsibility(企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任)
rough adj. 粗糙的;不平滑的;粗略的;大致的;艱難的;粗暴的
e.g. The road is rough and bumpy.(這條路崎嶇不平。);
I have a rough idea of what to do.(我大致知道要做什么。)
rough estimate(粗略估計(jì));rough sea(波濤洶涌的大海)
roughly adv.;roughness n.
記憶:tough

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