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倒裝句Inversions
1. Hardly could people believe their eyes.
2. In no time did he freeze.
3. Gone were the days.
4. So depressed was he that he came up to his wife.
5. Not until the last minute did he lose.
6. So was the old boy.
7. There is a tree standing in front of the church.
8. Only when he came near did I realized who he was.
9. The more diligent you are, the more achievements you obtain.
、完全倒裝（主謂位置顛倒）
【注意1】主語必須是名詞，若為代詞則不倒裝；
【注意2】這種結構中謂語部分 助動詞(be，do，have)和情態(tài)動詞，但可以有連系動詞 be。
1. 當句 為副詞out, in, up, down, off, here, there等，且主語為名詞時，應 完全倒裝。如：
In came the doctor. 醫(yī) 進來了。 There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
2. 當表 地點的介詞短語位于句 時：
On top of the hill stands a big pine tree. 頂上聳 著 棵 松樹。
Under the tree were some children. 樹下有 些孩 。
3. 在 there be 結構中，there 為引導詞，be 動詞之后為句 的主語，屬完全倒裝，be 應與主語保持 致。除 be 以外，能與 there 連 的動詞還有seem，exist，happen，appear，live，stand，lie等。如：
There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. 上周 公園 有很多 。
Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people. 從前有 位對 民很殘暴的國王。
4. 作表語的形容詞、過去分詞置于句 ，為了句 結構平衡時：
Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with
words. 中國典型的藝術形式是相聲，兩名演員 語來逗樂觀眾。
Gone are the days when we Chinese were looked down upon. 中國 民被歧視的 已成為過
去。
5. 某些表 感嘆、祝愿語 的句 也可 完全倒裝（或部分倒裝）。如：
Long live the Chinese Communist Party of China！ 中國共產黨萬歲！
May you succeed！ 祝你成功！
6. 直接引語的 部分或全部放在句 時：
“I’ll call again after the supper,” said he.
“Let me go on with the operation,” said one of the doctors.
、部分倒裝（提取謂語對應的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞提前）：主語可以是名詞也可以是代詞。
1. 句 有否定或否定短語時：
常見的否定詞：never, neither, nor, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, in no way, few, not, no, not until, rarely, no sooner…than, nowhere, in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means, in no sense, on no account, under no circumstances，no longer等含有no的介詞短語等時。如：
Seldom does he spend his time playing cards. 他很少花時間去玩撲克。
Never have I heard of that place before. 我以前從未聽說過那個地 。
【注意】如果否定詞不是修飾整個句 ， 只是限定句 主語，則句 不 倒裝。如：
Not every one should be present at the meeting.
There are little food left in the kitchen.
2. only+狀語（副詞、介短、狀語從句）位于句 時：
Only in this way can we solve the problem. 只有這樣，我們才能解決這個問題。
Only when you told me did I know her name. 直到你告訴我，我才知道她的名字。
【注意】如果 only 修飾的不是狀語，則句 不倒裝。如：
Only Uncle Li knows how it happened. 只有李叔叔知道這件事是怎么發(fā) 的。
3. 表 對前者的陳述也適 后者時，肯定倒裝 “ so + 助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + 后者”，否定倒裝
“ neither / nor + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 后者”。如：
He can speak English, so can I. 他會說英語，我也會。
If she doesn’t go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I. 如果她明天不去那 ，我也不去。
【注意】“so + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞 + 主語”與“ so + 主語 + 助動詞 / 情態(tài)動詞”的區(qū)別： 前者表 所談及情況 樣，意為“……也是這樣”；后者所談為同 或物，表 贊同觀點，意為“的確如
此”。如：
— Li Lei likes sports. 李雷喜歡運動。
— So he does and so do I. 他的確喜歡，我也是的。
4. so及“ so + 形容詞 / 副詞”置于句 ，以及“to the extent/degree”放在句 時，表 程度，句 要倒裝。如：
So frightened was he that he didn’t dare move. 他如此驚慌以 不敢動彈。
So quietly did she speak that we could not hear a word. 她說話聲 這么低，以 我們 個字也
沒聽到。
5. such 及“ such + 形容詞 + 名詞”置于句 時，應 部分倒裝。如：
Such is Zhong Cheng, a kind and helpful student. 這就是仲成， 個善良、樂于助 的學 。
Such good players are they that they often win. 他們是好隊員，所以他們經常獲勝。
6. 由 not only … but also … 引起的并列句，若將 not only 置于句 時，該分句應部分倒裝， but also 引導的分句不倒裝。 由 neither … nor … 引起的并列句，兩個分句都倒裝。如：
Not only did he give me some advice, but also he lent me some money. 他不但給我提了建議， 且還借給了我 些錢。
Neither does he watch TV, nor does he see films in the evening. 他晚上既不看電視也不看電影。
7. No sooner … than，Scarcely … when，Hardly … when位于句 時：
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep. 他 上床就睡著了。
Hardly had I got into the classroom when it began to rain. 我剛 進教室天就下起 來。
8. not until 引起的時間狀語置于句 時：
【注意】主句應部分倒裝，從句語序不變
Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown. 直到 1998 年他才回到家鄉(xiāng)。
Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night. 昨晚直到 親回來，我們才開始吃晚飯。
注意：當 not until 引導的狀語或狀語從句 于強調句型時，句 的主語不倒裝。
如將上兩句改為強調句應為： It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.
It was not until Father came back that we began to have supper last night.
9. 省略 if 的虛擬條件句，可將 were ，had ，should 提 主語前。如：
Were I you, I would go there tomorrow. 要是我是你，我明天就會去那 。
Had you been there, you would have met the manager himself. 要是你去了那 ，你就會見到經
理本 了。
10. 表 時間頻率且有肯定意義的詞語often, every day, now and again等置于句 來強調時：
Often does he send me e-mails to greet me. 他經常給我發(fā)電 信件問候我。
三、形式倒裝
1. as / though 引導讓步狀語從句時：
【注意】三種句型形式：（1）( 冠詞)n./adj. + as + S. + V. （2）adv. + as + S. + V.（3）v. + as+ S.+ 情態(tài)動詞/助動詞
Tired as / though he is, he is still working. 盡管他很累，他還是在 作。
Carefully as / though she listened, she didn’t catch a word. 盡管她聽得很仔細，她還是什么也沒聽到。
若將含有不定冠詞修飾的表語提前，則應省去不定冠詞 a / an。如：
Child as / though he is, he knows a lot. 盡管他還是個孩 ，卻已經懂得很多。
2. however, no matter now 修飾形容詞或副詞時要前置， 以加強語 ，該讓步狀語從句的主謂不倒裝如：
However hard the problem is, I am determined to work it out. 不管這道題有多難，我也決 將它算出來。
No matter how heavily it was raining outside, he insisted going there. 不管外 下多 的 ，他也要堅持去那 。

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