資源簡介

Unit 1 People of Achievement
Part I 詞匯分層解析
探究詞匯
vital
adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機的
教材原句P2 Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria,and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已經成為瘧疾治療的一個重要環節，人們認為其每年僅在非洲就能挽救10萬人的生命。
●Drones could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure.無人機正可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面。[2022全國乙·改編]
be vital for/to對……極為重要it is vital to do sth做某事非常重要
it is vital+that從句……是極重要的
●Enough sleep is vital for the students' health.充足
的睡眠對學生的健康非常重要。
●It is vital that we keep a good relationship with neighbouring countries.我們與鄰邦保持友好關系是十分重要的。
在it is vital that…句型中，that后的從句要使用虛擬語氣，即從句謂語用“should+動詞原形”,其中should可以省略。
同義調crucial,critical,essential
committed
adj.盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的
教材原句P2 Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦是一位堅定而有耐心的科學家，1930年12月30生于中國寧波，1955年畢業于北京醫學院(今北京大學醫學部)。
be committed to(doing)sth堅定支持某事物；專心致志于(做)某事
聯想調①commit vt.承諾；保證；花(錢或時間)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
commit suicide(=kill oneself)自殺commit…to…把……投入……
commit oneself to sth/doing sth/do sth承諾(做)某事
●A lot of money has been committed to this project.這個項目已經投入了很多錢。
●My English teacher has committed herself to the cause of education.我的英語老師已獻身于教育事業。
②commitment n.(錢、時間、人力等的)投入；承諾make a commitment作出承諾
聯想拓展其他常用的表示“忙于；獻身于；致力于；專心致志于”的表達
be devoted to(doing)sth
be dedicated to(doing)sth be absorbed in(doing)sth be buried in(doing)sth
be engaged in(doing)sth apply oneself to(doing)sth
acknowledge
vt.承認(屬實、權威等);(公開)感謝
教材原句P2 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并沒有認輸。
常見用法it is universally/widely acknowledged
that………是大家公認的
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as.….承認/認為某人/某物是……
acknowledge doing sth/having done sth承認做了某事
●It is universally acknowledged that the consumption
of processed foods increases the risk of heart diseases.人們普遍認為吃加工食品會增加患心臟疾病的風險。
●He is widely acknowledged to be the best football player in the world.他被公認為是世界上最好的足球運動員。
●The proud girl finally acknowledged being defeated by her classmate.那個驕傲的女孩最終承認輸給了她的同學。
近義詞admit,recognise
聯想詞acknowledgement n.[單數，U]承認[C,常用復數]致謝；答謝
defeat
①n.失敗；挫敗
教材原句P2 However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并沒有認輸。
●This world champion has only had two defeats in 20 matches.這位世界冠軍在二十場比賽中只敗過兩場。
常用搭配a narrow/heavy defeat惜敗/慘敗admit defeat認輸
suffer a defeat遭遇失敗
②vt.擊敗；戰勝；把(某人)難住
●A man can be destroyed but not defeated.一個人
可以被毀滅，但不能被打敗。[《老人與海》]
●It was the last question on the paper that defeated me.考卷上的最后一道題把我難住了。
易混辨析defeat,beat,win與overcome的用法
區別
易混詞 用法
defeat “打敗；戰勝”,既可指在比賽、競爭中打敗對手，也可以指在戰場上戰勝敵人。
beat “打敗；戰勝”,通常指在比賽或競選中擊敗對手，作此意講時可以和defeat互換。
win “獲勝；贏；贏得”,既可指在比賽、游戲、選舉中獲勝，也可指贏得獎品、榮譽或獲得支持、尊敬等。如：win a race/a prize/a scholarship/an election贏得比賽/獎品/獎學金/選舉。
overcome “控制；克服；戰勝”,既可指在戰斗和競賽中戰勝對方，也可指在感情、習慣等方面壓倒、勝過。如：overcome difficulties克服困難。
apparently
adv. 顯而易見；看來；顯然
教材原句P2 She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.她的結論是煮青蒿顯然破壞了它的藥用特性。
聯想調apparent adj.明顯的；顯而易見的
be apparent to sb對某人來說是顯而易見的
it is apparent/clear/obvious/evident(to sb)that..
(對某人而言)顯然……
●The heavy loss we suffered after the flood is apparent.洪災過后我們蒙受的巨大損失是顯而易見的。
●It is apparent/clear/obvious/evident that the stubborn person has changed his mind.顯然這個固執的人已經改變了主意。
insist
vi.&vt.堅持；堅決要求；堅持說；固執己見
教材原句P3 Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
屠呦呦和她的團隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保其安全性。
常用搭配insist on/upon(doing)sth堅持(做)某事
●The man insisted on finding a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.即使我告訴他我就住在附近，但那個人還是堅持要給我找一輛出租車。
易混辨析①動詞insist意為“堅決要求；堅持”時，其后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語為should do形式，should可省略。
●They insisted that everyone(should)come to the party.他們堅決要求每個人都來參加聚會。
②insist意為“堅持說；固執己見；堅持認為”時，其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。
●He insisted that he was innocent.他堅持說自己是無辜的。
conclusion
n.結論；推論
教材原句P4 Did you come to any conclusions 你得出什么結論了嗎
常用搭配in conclusion(=to conclude)總之；最后draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion得出結論；作出推斷
聯想詞conclude vt.斷定；推斷出vt.&vi.(使)結束conclude sth(from sth)(從某事)推斷出……
conclude(sth)with sth/by doing sth以某事/做某事結束(某事)
●They concluded the meeting with a speech in the afternoon.他們于下午以一段講話結束了會議。
circumstance
n.[C,常用復數]條件；環境；狀況；情況
教材原句P5 Her circumstances are beyond our control.她的情況我們無法控制。
常用搭配under/in….circumstances在……情況下under/in the circumstances在這種情況下；情形既然如此
under/in no circumstances決不；無論如何都不
●You were right to do this under the circumstances.
在這種情況下，你這么做是對的。
特別注意①circumstance意為“境況；經濟狀況”時，用復數形式。
②under/in no circumstances位于句首時，句子要部分倒裝。
●She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the trip.她明確表示，無論如何她都不會取消旅行。
found
vt.創建；建立；把……建立在
教材原句P6 Florence Nightingale founded modern nursing.弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾創立了現代護理事業。
常用搭配be founded on/upon….建立在……的基礎上
●The novel was founded on actual people and events.這部小說是在真人真事的基礎上寫成的。
聯想調①founder n.創立者；始創者
②foundation n.地基；基礎；基金會；建立
lay/provide the foundation(s)for為……打下基礎
come to power
(開始)掌權；上臺
教材原句P8 Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年，當希特勒在德國掌權時，情況發生了變化。
近義短語rise to power上臺
take/seize power掌握/奪取政權
聯想拓展含有power的其他常用短語
in power當權；掌權
beyond one's power在某人權力/能力范圍之外
in/within one's power在某人權力/能力范圍之內
●The dictator has been in power for seven years.那個獨裁者已經執政七年了。
●I'm afraid it is beyond my power to do what you are asking.我恐怕做不到/無權做你要求的事。
●It's not in my power to tell you the results of the exam.我無權告訴你考試的成績。
consequence
n.結果；后果
教材原句P8 As a consequence,he had to flee Germany.因而，他不得不逃離德國。
常用搭配as a consequence(=as a result)因此；結果
as a consequence of(=as a result of)由于；因為take the consequences自食其果；承擔后果
●After graduation,he became quite lazy.As a consequence,he lost what he owned.畢業后，他變得很懶惰。結果，他失去了自己所擁有的一切。
●As a consequence of his bad behaviour,he was dismissed.由于行為不端，他被開除了。
●You made the wrong decision,and you must take the consequences.你作出了這個錯誤的決定，必須承擔后果。
聯想詞consequently adv.因此；結果
remarkable
adj.非凡的；顯著的
教材原句P9 Apart from his remarkable achievements,what does the passage tell us about Einstein's life 除了他非凡的成就，這篇文章還給我們講述了關于愛因斯坦生平的哪些內容
●Beijing is still one of the most remarkable,special places I have visited.北京仍然是我所去過的最非凡的、最特別的地方之一。
be remarkable for…因……而著稱
聯想調remark vt.&vi.談到；說起；評論(=comment)n.評論；言論
make a remark about…就……發表意見；對……評頭論足
●It's rude to remark on others' appearances,especially during their absence.評論別人的外貌是不禮貌的，尤其是當他們不在場的時候。
●He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.關于這里的食物他作出了許多無禮的評論。
sum
vi.總結；概括n.金額；款項；總數；總和
教材原句P9 Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用你的筆記寫出介紹，總結一下你對這個人的印象。
●It is important to remember that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.成功是將每天作出的微小努力積累起來，并且常常是需要多年的努力去達到的，記住這點很重要。
常用搭配sum up總結；概括
the sum of的金額；……的總和
in sum=to sum up總之；總而言之
sum sth/sb up簡而言之；對某事物/某人作出判斷●At the end of the class,the teacher summed up
the main points of the lesson in three sentences.下課時，老師用三句話總結了這節課的要點。
●The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.三角形的內角和為180度。
●To sum up,there are three main ways of tackling the problem.概括起來說，這一問題主要有三種解決方法。
差距詞匯
multiple adj.數量多的；多種多樣的n.倍數
China has established centuries for cutting-edge technology research with multiple countries,including South Africa,Indonesia and Croatia.
中國與南非、印度尼西亞、克羅地亞等多個國家建立了尖端技術研究中心。
2.authentic adj.真正的；真實的
The association aims to support students of all backgrounds to deeply understand scientific ideas,participate in the activities of the discipline,and solve authentic problems.該社團力求幫助不同背景的學生深入理解科學思想，參與學科活動，以及解決實際問題。
3.duration n.持續時間；期間
They can help us understand more about the frequency,intensity and duration of storms.它們能幫助我們對暴風雨天氣發生的頻率、強度和持續時間了解更多。
4.neural adj.神經的；神經系統的
These equations describe neural activity in different parts of the brain.這些方程式描述了不同腦區的神經元活動情況。
5.release vt.釋放；放出；松開；放開；發泄；解雇；發布
This week,the World Health Organization is releasing a landmark global study on the phenomenon.本周，世界衛生組織基于此現象發布了一項具有里程碑意義的全球研究。
6.let alone更不必說
He hasn't enough money for food,let alone amusements.他連溫飽都無法解決，就更不用說娛樂了。
7.nuclear weapons核武器
In the 1980s,Yu Min led his team to figure out the key technologies in the development of the second generation of nuclear weapons in China.20世紀80年代，于敏帶領他的團隊摸索出了中國發展第二代核武器的關鍵技術。
8.it is estimated that…據估計……
It is estimated that the total number of infected cases will reach the peaking point in two weeks,then drop and gradually decrease to zero.據估計，感染病例總數將在兩周后達到峰值，然后下降并逐漸歸零。
Part||句子分類探究
長難句分析
He made numerous contributions to the world,
the most well-known being the general theory獨立主格結構作狀語
of relativity and the famous formula E=mc .
句意他對世界作出了許多貢獻，最為人所熟知的是廣義相對論和著名的公式E=mc 。
知識拓展“名詞/代詞/形容詞短語+非謂語動詞(不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞)/形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語”形式的獨立主格結構在句中作狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結構本身不是完整的句子，在句子中作狀語，表時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。
●Time permitting(=If time permits),we will go on an outing tomorrow.如果時間允許的話，我們明天去遠足。
●He was listening attentively in class,his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他正專心聽課，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
●Lots of trees,flowers,and grass planted,our
newly-built school looks even more beautiful.種上許多的花草樹木后，我們新建的學校看上去甚至更美了。
He had a thick moustache and long white hair,主語謂語賓語which sometimes stood on end as though he had which引導非限制性定語從句as though引導方式狀語從句just received an electric shock.
句意他留著濃密的小胡子和長長的白發，有時頭發都豎了起來，就像剛受了電擊一樣。
高頻句式
句式1 upon doing sth,…-……就……
upon doing sth結構中，介詞upon還可以換為on,表示一件事緊接著另一件事發生，意為“在……的時候；當……時；一……就……"。upon/on后接動名詞或名詞，可以轉換為一個時間狀語從句。
引導時間狀語從句，表示“—……就……"的詞匯或結構還有：
(1)immediately,directly,instantly
(2)the instant,the moment,the minute
(3)as soon as
(4)no sooner….than….,hardly/scarcely..when..
●Immediately she'd gone,I remembered her name.
她剛走開我就想起了她的名字。[《牛津高階》]
鍵接課文Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize..當聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時……[P3]
經典例句
●Upon arriving at home,Alice was filled with joy at the news.艾麗斯一回家，聽到這個消息就滿心歡喜。
●Upon arrival,Jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed.吉米一到達就發現應聘者排著長隊在等候面試。
句式2 it strikes sb that….某人突然想到/意識到……
含義相近的結構
it occurs to sb that…某人想起/想到……it hits sb that…某人突然想起……
錐接課文It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen.他突然意識到照片中的其他中國男性顯然不關心他們的同胞發生了什么事。[P4]
經典例句
●When I experienced repeated failures and decided to yield,it struck me that success might arise from the last stroke of efforts.當我經歷了一次又一次的失敗并決定屈服的時候，我突然意識到成功可能來自最后一搏。
●It suddenly occurred to me that I hadn't finished my homework.我突然想到，我還沒完成作業。
●It suddenly hit me that I had met him somewhere.我突然想起我在什么地方見過他。
PartⅢ單元語法歸納
非限制性定語從句
教材原句
①This medicine,which was called artemisinin,soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
這種被稱為青蒿素的藥物很快成為治療瘧疾的標準藥物。(which引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語)[P3]
②This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin,a crucial new treatment for malaria.
今年的諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎已授予屠呦呦(共同獲獎者),她的研究使一種關鍵性的瘧疾新療法——青蒿素得以被發現。(whose引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作定語)[P2]
③In the beginning,Tu Youyou went to Hainan,where malaria was more common,to study malaria patients.起初，屠呦呦去海南研究患瘧疾的病人，在那里瘧疾更常見。(where引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語)[P2]
④Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.后來，這種藥物在瘧疾患者身上進行了測試，大部分患者都康復了。(“代詞+介詞+關系代詞”引導非限制性定語從句，whom作of的賓語)[P3]
非限制性定語從句對所修飾的先行詞沒有限制詞義的作用，通常只起補充說明的作用，由逗號把它和主句隔開，在譯成中文時，這個從句一般譯成一個并列句。that不能引導非限制性定語從句。
①非限制性定語從句的關系詞
非限制性定語從句可以用which,who,whom,
whose,when,where等引導，也可以用“介詞+關系代詞which/whom”引導。關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句時，既可以指代名詞或代詞，也可以指代整個主句。
非限制性定語從句不用that或why引導。
②限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區別
區別 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
作用 說明的是先行詞必不可少的情況 對先行詞進行補充解釋
形式 關系詞和先行詞不用逗號分開 關系詞和先行詞用逗號分開
先行詞 只能是名詞或代詞 可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是整個主句或主句中的一部分
關系詞 可用that;關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略 不用that;關系代詞不可省略
譯法 譯成“……的……” 主句和從句分開譯，從句通常可譯作并列句
●That evening,which I will tell you more about later,I ended up working very late.結果那天晚上我工作到很晚，我晚點再跟你細講那天晚上的事。(which引導非限制性定語從句，which不能換成that,也不能省略)
●We have launched another man-made satellite,which was reported in today's newspaper.
我們又發射了一顆人造衛星，這件事在今天的報紙上報道過了。(which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個主句)
●Finally he reached a lonely island which was completely cut off from the outside world.
最后他來到一個完全與世隔絕的孤島上。(which引導限制性定語從句，可以換成that)
●I looked around and finally spotted David,who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.
我環顧四周，終于發現了戴維，他獨自站在柵欄旁邊。[2022全國新高考Ⅱ](who引導非限制性定語從句，不可以換成that)
③as與which引導非限制性定語從句，其先行詞是整個主句時的區別
(1)as引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個主句時，as具有“正如；像”的意思。as引導的非限制性定語從句中常含有這些動詞：see,know,hear,watch,report,remember,say,tell,show,expect,guess等，這類動詞與as連用幾乎成了一種固定搭配。as引導的定語從句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
●The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17%in just one year.據報道，僅在一年之內吸煙人數就下降了17%。
●As is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.當醫生趕到時，埃米好多了，對孩子來說這是常見的情況。
常見的as引導的非限制性定語從句
as we all know眾所周知
as we all can see正如我們都能看到的那樣
as I can remember正如我所記得的
as you can see如你所見
as everybody can do正如人人都能做到的那樣
as often happens正如經常發生的那樣
as we expect正如我們預料的那樣
as was expected正如預料的那樣
as has been said above如上所述
as can be seen看得出來
as may be imagined正如可以想象的那樣
as is often the case這是常見的情況
(2)which引導的非限制性定語從句指前面主句所提到的整件事時，常譯為“這一點；這件事”。這時它所引導的從句與主句之間常含有語義上的并列、因果關系。which引導的定語從句只能位于主句的后面。
●Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2012,which made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.
莫言在2012年獲得了諾貝爾文學獎，這使得中國人長久以來的一個夢想成真了。
●China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
《今中國》吸引了全世界的讀者，這一點表明全世界越來越多的人想了解中國。
(3)which在定語從句中可以作定語或介詞的賓語，而as則不能。
●He may win the competition,in which case he is likely to get into the national team.他可能會贏得比賽，要是那樣的話，他可能會進入國家隊。
●She graduated from a local high school,after which she went to Peking University.她畢業于當地的一所高中，之后她去了北京大學。
(4)當從句的謂語動詞是否定形式或從句中包含賓語補足語時，一般用which而不用as。
●He pretended not to know me,which I didn't understand.他假裝不認識我，這是我搞不明白的。
●He admires everyone in his class,which I find quite strange.他羨慕班里的每個學生，我認為這太奇怪了。

展開更多......

收起↑