資源簡介

Unit 5 Working the Land
Part I 詞匯分層解析
探究詞匯
devote
vt.把……獻(給);把……專用于；專心于
教材原句P50 Indeed,his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. 的確，他瘦削但 結實的身體就像他為之奉獻了一生的千百萬中國 農民一樣。
常用搭配 devote oneself to(doing)sth 獻 身 于 (做)某事；致力于(做)某事；專心于(做)某事
devote one's life/time/money/energy to(doing)sth 把某人的一生/時間/金錢/精力奉獻于(做)某事
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific
research.他決定把余生奉獻給科學研究。
聯想詞①devoted adj.忠誠的；深愛的；投入的 be devoted to … 對……忠誠；深愛……
a devoted father 一位盡職的父親
②devotion n. 奉獻；忠誠；深愛
convince
教材原句P50 Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.袁隆平確信答案可以在雜交水稻的培育中找到。
I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself,
not with me. 我 試 圖 說 服 自 己，問題出于問題本身，而不是我。
convince sb of sth 使某人確信某事/說 服某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 說服某人做某事
convince sb that … 使某人相信 … …
The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors.官員們急于說服我 們，核反應堆是安全的。[《朗文當代》]
I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me. 我一直在設法說服瓊跟我一起來。
聯 想 詞① convinced adj. 確信的；信服的
be convinced of/that… 堅信/深信 … …
I was convinced that we were doing the right thing. 我確信我們做的事情是正確的。
②convincing adj. 有說服力的；令人信服的
assumption
教材原句P50 The common assumption then was that it could not be done. 當時人們普遍認為這 是不可能實現的。
make an assumption 作出假設
on the assumption that… 假設 … …
聯 想 詞assume vt.假定；假設；認為
it is assumed that….=it is supposed/believed that.. 假定……;人們認為 ……
assuming that…=providing/supposing that..假如 …… ;如果 ……
Where unemployment and crime are high, it can
be assumed that the latter is due to the former. 在失業率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以認為后 者是由前者造成的。
expand
三教材原句P50 This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.這種雜交作物使農民 大大增加了作物的產量。
A child's vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的詞匯量通過閱讀得到擴大。
This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 這項工作拓展了我的思維，這在教室里是不可 能做到的。[2022年6月浙江]
expand in … 在……方面擴充/膨脹
expand into….發展成/擴展到 … …
expand on/upon 詳述；進一步說明
I don't quite understand your reasoning.Can you expand on it 我不是很理解你的推理。你能將 它詳細說明一下嗎
聯 想 詞expansion n. 擴張；擴大；擴充
comprise
教材原句P50 Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains….據估計，目前中國國內消 費的稻米有約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種 形成的作物……
The collection comprises 327 paintings. 那 一 組收 藏有327幅畫。
be comprised of(=be composed of=be made up of)包括；包含；由……組成
A football team is comprised of eleven players. 一 支足球隊由11名隊員組成。
狂K 重點
consist of由……組成；由……構成(一 般不用于進行時和被動語態)
The committee consists often members.委員會由 十名成員組成。
extension
n.擴建部分；擴大；電話分機
教材原句P52 The shelter,which could protect up to 8,000 people from wartime bombs,was comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground.這個避難所可以保護多達八千人免受戰時炸彈襲擊，它由兩條大隧道組成，預計有一天會成為倫敦地鐵的延伸部分。
聯 想 詞①extended adj. 延長了的；擴展了的
②extend vt. 延 長 vi. 延伸(距離)
The main stem will extend to around 12 feet if left to develop naturally. 如果任其自然生長，主干可 以長到12英尺左右。
extend 作動詞還有“擴大；擴展；舒展； 給予，提供”之意。
There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 現已有擴大無煙區的計劃。
I'm sure you will join me in extending a very warm welcome to our visitor.我確信你們會同我 一起 向來訪者表示非常熱烈的歡迎。
in turn
相應地；轉而；依次；輪流
教材原句P55 This affects the crops grown on the land and,in turn,the animals and humans who digest them.這影響了生長在土地上的作物， 進而影響了食用它們的動物和人類。
The girls called out their own names in turn . 這 些 女孩依次大聲喊出了自己的名字。
Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. 理論來源于實踐，反過來又服務于 實踐。
in return 作為回報
含有 turn 的其他常用表達
by turns輪流地，交替地(表現某些特質或情感)
take turns(=take it in turns)to do sth 輪流做某事
wait one's turn to do sth 等候輪到某人做某事
it's one's turn to do sth輪到某人做某事
The young parents had to take turns to look after their sick baby.這對年輕父母不得不輪流照顧 他們生病的孩子。
I think it's our turn to drive the kids to school this week. 我想這周輪到我們開車送孩子們上學了。
alternative
① n. 可供選擇的事物
教材原句P55 As an alternative ,some farmers have switched to organic farming,and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.作為替代， 一些農民已 轉向有機耕作，并且許多顧客在當地雜貨店購物 時也轉為購買有機食品。
have no alternative but to do sth 除 了 做 某事別無選擇
an alternative to sth 某事物的替代品
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 我們別無他法，只能辭退吉布森。
② adj.可供替代的；另外的；非傳統的；另類的
常 用 搭 配alternative ways/methods/approaches 其他 的方法
alternative energy 替代能源
alternative comedy/lifestyle/values 非傳統喜劇/生活方式/價值觀
聯 想 詞alternatively adv. 或 者
The agency will make travel arrangements for you. Alternatively,you can organize your own transport. 旅行社將為你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安 排交通工具。
差距詞匯
1.prosperity n. 興旺；繁榮；成功
China is pursuing common prosperity as its ultimate development goal.中國將共同富裕作為最終發展目標。[China Daily]
2. raw adj. 生的；未經加工的
It doesn't matter whether this food is eaten raw or cooked,cool or hot. 這種食物是生吃還是 熟吃，冷著吃還是熱著吃都不重要。
3.negotiation n.談 判
There's nothing worse than watching the trade negotiations between the two countries fall apart. 沒有什么比看著這兩個國家之間的貿易談判 破裂更糟糕的了。
4.mature vi. 變成熟
She has matured a lot since she left home to set up her own farm.自離開家建立自己的農場以 來，她成熟了許多。
5.take….into account 考慮到……
Three levels will be taken into account: agricultural production units,territories and markets.三個層次將被納入考量：農業生產單 位、地區和市場。
6.desperate for 渴望……;迫切需要 ……
The hit song that accompanied Argentina on its conquest of the 2022 World Cup has found deep resonance in a country desperate for a feel-good moment. 這首伴隨著阿根廷隊征服2022年世 界杯的熱門歌曲在這個渴望美好時刻的國家 找到了深深的共鳴。[China Daily]
7.sustainable adj. 可持續的
The growing world population means current consumption patterns will be impossible without better use of resources and more sustainable solutions. 世界人口的增長意味著，如果沒有 更好的資源利用方式，也沒有更為可持續的 解決辦法，那么目前的消費模式將是不可能 實現的。
8.at the expense of 以……為代價；由……支付費用
But the prices of wheat,corn and soya beans are all high,so any big shift towards one crop will come at the expense of the others. 但小麥、 玉米和大豆的價格都高，因此任何向一種作 物的大轉向都會以犧牲其余的作物為代價。
Part Ⅱ 句子分類探究
However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor
what引導主語從句 系動詞 that引導表語從句
harvests and sometimes even had a serious of food to eat .P50
然而，最讓他擔心的是，農民常常糧食歉 收，有時甚至嚴重缺乏食物。
Through intense effort,Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties 介詞短語作方式狀語 主 語 謂語 賓語 To develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. 不定式短語作目的狀語 that引導定語從句，先行詞為the first hybrid rice
通過不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技術困難，于1974年培育出了可用于農業生產的第 一代雜交水稻。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in
形式主語 謂語 that引導主語從句
China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains, and his
過去分詞短語作定語 并列連詞
strains have allowed China's farmers to produce around 200 million tons
并列分句
of rice per year.P50
句 意據估計，目前中國國內消費的稻米有約 60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物，他 的(水稻)品種使中國農民每年生產約2億噸 稻米。
what引導名詞性從句
what 引導名詞性從句時，意為“什么;……的東 西/事物”,在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定 語等句子成分。
What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 這部電影最讓我感動的地 方就是父親對兒子深深的愛。
As John Lennon once said,life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.正 如約翰 · 列儂曾經說的，生活就是在你忙著制訂 其他計劃的時候發生在你身上的事情。
He is no longer what he was.After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.他不再 是原來的他了。似乎過了幾個小時，他才苦笑 著出來。
高頻句式
句 式 1 what interested/impressed/moved/ surprised/troubled/.….sb most was….讓某人 最感興趣的/印象最深的/最感動的/最吃驚 的/最煩惱的/……是 ……
鏈接課文 What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.
In fact,some pesticides like DDT have been 主語 后置定語 謂語 prohibited in most countries because of the damage 狀語 原因狀語 they cause to people and the environment. 定語從句，先行詞為damage, 省略了關系詞which/that
事實上，像“滴滴涕”這樣的殺蟲劑在大多 數國家已經被禁用了，因為它們對人類和環境造 成了破壞。
Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable there be句型 不定式短語作后置定語，修飾wa solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table
that引導定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為solution while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.
while引導的時間狀語從句的省略
句 意因此，要找到一個合適的解決方案，使人們 的餐桌上有足夠的食物，同時盡可能使人類和環 境保持健康，還有很長的路要走。袁隆平讓人印象最深刻的是他不斷實現夢想的能力。
經典例句
What troubled me most was that I forgot my ID card and my passport.最讓我困擾的是我忘了帶 身份證和護照。
What surprised me most was that such a little boy
Unit 5 Working the Land
of seven could play the violin so well.最讓我感到 驚訝的是一個七歲的小男孩能把小提琴拉得這么好。
句式2 sb/sth makes+sb/sth+賓補
本句式中可作賓補的有：形容詞、名詞、動詞原形、 過去分詞。make sb/sth do sth 在被動語態中要補 充不定式符號to, 用 sb/sth be made to do sth 結構， 此時不定式作主語補足語。 make oneself heard/ understood/known表示“讓人聽到/理解/知道自己”。
錐接課文 Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.許多人擔 心這些化學物質會使他們生病甚至致癌。[P55]
經典例句
I had to shout to make myself heard above the music.我得大聲喊才能讓我的聲音蓋過音樂讓 人聽到。
I was made to wait four hours before I was examined by a doctor.我被迫等了四個小時才有 醫生給我檢查。
PartⅢ 單元語法歸納
主語從句
教材原句
①However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests….然而，最讓他 擔心的是，農民常常糧食歉收…… (what 引導主 語從句，在從句中作主語)[P50]
②However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.然而，是否有可能培育出 一種自花傳粉的雜交植物，例如水稻，這是一個有 很大爭議的問題。 (whether 引導主語從句，起連 接作用，在從句中不作成分)[P50]
③Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains.. 據估計，目前中國國內消費的稻米有約60%來自 袁隆平的雜交水稻品種形成的作物 …… (it 是 形 式主語；that 引導主語從句，起連接作用，在從句 中不作成分)[P 0]
在復合句中充當主語的句子叫作主語從句。主語 從句的引導詞有三類：連接代詞、連接副詞、連 接詞。
①連接代詞引導的主語從句
連 接 代 詞 what,who,whom,whose,which,whatever,whichever,whoever 等引導主語從句時， 在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。主語從句用 陳述句語序。
What they are after is profit. 他們追求的是利潤。 (What 在主語從句中作賓語)
Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.你們當中無論哪一個人打破窗戶都必須賠償。(Whichever 在主語從句中作定語)
引 導主語從句時， what,who 等指具體 的物或人；whatever,whoever 等表示任何一個物 或人。
②連接副詞引導的主語從句
連接副詞 when,where,why,how 等引導主語從句時，在從句中作狀語。
Where Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,
but some won't accept it. 中國偉大詩人李白的出生地為大眾所熟知，但 是有些人不接受這個事實。(Where引導主語從句，在從句中作地點狀語)
How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
我們如何理解事物與我們的感受息息相關。(How 引導主語從句，在從句中作方式狀語)
When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.延誤的航班將在何時起飛 主要取決于天氣。(When引導主語從句，在從句中作時間狀語)
③連接詞 that,whether,if 引導的主語從句
(1)that引導主語從句時，沒有實際意義，在從句中不作具體成分，只起連接作用，但是不可省略。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.
從她們的面貌相 似度就能明顯看出她們其實是姐妹。
that與 what引導主語從句的區別：that 沒有實際意義，不作任何成分；而what 有實際意 義，在主語從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
(2)whether 和 if引導主語從句，意為“是否”,不作句子成分，只起連接作用，但是不可省略。
主語從句位于主句謂語動詞之前，表示“是否”時，只能用 whether。若 it 作形式主語，則 用if或 whether引導主語從句均可。
Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution.我們能否有干 凈的飲用水取決于政府將采取什么樣的有效措 施處理水污染問題。
It remains to be seen if/whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.新組 建的委員會制定的政策能否實施還有待觀察。
④it 作形式主語的主語從句
it作形式主語時，從句作真正的主語。
①it+be+形容詞(obvious,true,natural,surprising, wonderful,funny,possible
,likely,certain,probable等)+從句
It is obvious that he didn't tell the truth. 很明顯他 沒有說實話。
It's funny how some distance makes everything seem small. 有趣的是，距離令所有東西都顯得 渺小了。
②it+be+名詞詞組(no wonder,an honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise等)+從句
It's no wonder that you've got a headache when you drank so much last night.昨晚你喝了那么多酒， 難怪你頭痛。
It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film yesterday.你昨天沒去看那部電影真遺憾。
③it+be+過去分詞(said,reported,thought,expected, decided, announced, arranged,acknowledged, estimated,agreed 等)+從句
It's reported that large crowds in China bid farewell to Yuan Longping,the“father of hybrid rice”,dead in May in Changsha. 據報道，在中 國，有大批群眾為5月份在長沙去世的“雜交水 稻之父”袁隆平送行。
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. 事實證明，兒時食用蔬菜有 助于保護你在以后的生活中免受重大疾病的侵擾。
④it+動詞/動詞詞組(happen,doesn't matter,turn out,occur to sb,make no difference等)+從句
It happens that he enjoys pop songs very much. 碰巧他非常喜歡流行歌曲。
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.他突然想起來他把鑰匙落在 辦公室里了。

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