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新人教版必修二UNIT4
過去分詞(短語)作定語和賓語補足語
一、過去分詞(短語)作定語
定語：用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質與特征的。漢語翻譯中中常用，“......的”表示。
用法規則
1．及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成。
2．單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的前面；過去分詞短語作定語時，通常放在被修飾詞的后面，其作用相當于一個定語從句。
3．有些單個過去分詞作定語且表示特定含義時，放在所修飾的名詞之后，如left(剩余的)、given(所給的)、concerned(有關的)等。
4．如果被修飾詞是由every/some/any/no與thing/body/one所構成的復合代詞或指示代詞those等，單個過去分詞放在被修飾詞的后面。
過去分詞作定語結構及意義（重要?。?br/>　　意義 形式　　 語態 時態
done 被動 完成
being done 被動 進行
to be done 被動 將來
ed 形式做定語的名詞短語范例：
a broken window（一扇破碎的窗戶）
a painted wall（一面粉刷過的墻）
a crowded street（一條擁擠的街道）
a developed country（一個發達國家）
a confused look（一個困惑的表情）
a frightened child（一個受驚的孩子）
a surprised audience（一群驚訝的觀眾）
a retired teacher（一位退休的教師）
a trained dog（一只受過訓練的狗）
a wounded soldier（一名受傷的士兵）
a lost key（一把丟失的鑰匙）
a burnt tree（一棵燒焦的樹）
a locked door（一扇鎖著的門）
a respected leader（一位受尊敬的領導）
a damaged car（一輛損壞的汽車）
a delighted customer（一位高興的顧客）
a worried parent（一位擔憂的家長）
a polished floor（一塊擦亮的地板）
a published book（一本已出版的書）
a worn-out shoe（一只破舊的鞋子）
being done 做后置定語的名詞短語范例：
the bridge being built（正在被建造的橋）
the book being printed（正在被印刷的書）
the house being painted（正在被粉刷的房子）
the clothes being washed（正在被洗的衣服）
the road being repaired（正在被修理的道路）
the project being carried out（正在被實施的項目）
the experiment being conducted（正在被進行的實驗）
the car being cleaned（正在被清洗的汽車）
the film being shot（正在被拍攝的電影）
the cake being made（正在被制作的蛋糕）
to be done 做后置定語的名詞短語范例：
the work to be done（要做的工作）
the problem to be solved（要解決的問題）
the task to be completed（要完成的任務）
the project to be finished（要完成的項目）
the letter to be sent（要寄的信）
the meeting to be held（要召開的會議）
the report to be written（要寫的報告）
the homework to be done（要做的家庭作業）
the plan to be carried out（要執行的計劃）
the speech to be delivered（要發表的演講）
二、過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語
用法規則
過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語通常有以下幾種情況：
1．過去分詞(短語)可以在表示狀態的動詞keep、leave等后面作賓語補足語：
2．過去分詞(短語)可以在使役動詞have、get、make等后面作賓語補足語：
(1)“have/get＋賓語＋過去分詞(短語)”可以表示兩種含義：“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇某種不幸”；
(2)在“make＋賓語＋過去分詞(短語)”結構中，過去分詞(短語)表示結果。
3．感官動詞see、hear、notice、observe、watch、feel、find等后，可用過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的動詞，如like、want、wish、expect、order等后，可用過去分詞(短語)作賓語補足語。
5．過去分詞(短語)用在“with＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一結構中，過去分詞(短語)與賓語之間是被動關系。
have sb/sth done 結構的短語：
have my hair cut（剪我的頭發）
have the car repaired（修理汽車）
have the house painted（粉刷房子）
have the clothes washed（洗衣服）
have the documents printed（打印文件）
have the bike fixed（修理自行車）
have the windows cleaned（擦窗戶）
have the shoes polished（擦鞋）
have the computer repaired（修電腦）
have the photo taken（拍照）
感官動詞 + sb/sth done 結構的短語：
see the bridge built（看到橋被建造）
hear the song sung（聽到歌被演唱）
watch the film shown（看到電影被放映）
notice the door locked（注意到門被鎖上）
observe the experiment done（觀察到實驗被做）
feel the work finished（感覺到工作被完成）
smell the food cooked（聞到食物被做熟的味道）
find the letter sent（發現信被寄出去了）
listen to the story told（聽故事被講述）
look at the picture drawn（看著畫被畫出來）
with sb/sth done 結構的短語：
with the task done（任務完成了）
with the letter sent（信寄出去了）
with the problem solved（問題解決了）
with the work finished（工作完成了）
with the project completed（項目完成了）
with the car repaired（車修好了）
with the house painted（房子粉刷好了）
with the clothes washed（衣服洗好了）
with the window broken（窗戶破了）
10.with the door locked（門被鎖上了）
find sb/sth done 結構的短語：
find the room cleaned（發現房間被打掃了）
find the book returned（發現書被還回來了）
find the lights turned off（發現燈被關掉了）
find the paper written（發現論文被寫好了）
find the meal cooked（發現飯菜做好了）
find the homework finished（發現作業完成了）
find the dog fed（發現狗被喂過了）
find the clothes ironed（發現衣服被熨好了）
find the wall decorated（發現墻被裝飾了）
find the car washed（發現車被洗了）
即時訓練
一．語法填空題
The bridge ______ (build) last year can hold heavy trucks.
The ______ (damage) computer needs to be repaired.
We found the stolen necklace ______ (hide) under the bed.
The movie ______ (direct) by Zhang Yimou won an international award.
The students were excited to see their project ______ (display) in the hall.
With all the lights ______ (turn) off, the room became completely dark.
The ______ (injure) athlete was carried off the field by his teammates.
The homework ______ (assign) yesterday must be handed in by Friday.
The old temple ______ (discover) in the mountains dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
The teacher kept the students ______ (inform) about the exam schedule.
The ______ (pollute) air made it hard to breathe.
The novel ______ (write) by Lu Xun is considered a classic.
The scientist had his theory ______ (prove) through experiments.
The ______ (frighten) child clung to his mother’s hand.
The museum ______ (visit) by thousands of tourists every year is closing for repairs.
The president made his opinions ______ (know) during the press conference.
The ______ (boil) water is safe to drink now.
The instructions ______ (give) by the coach helped us win the game.
The cake ______ (bake) by my sister tasted delicious.
The problem ______ (discuss) at the meeting remains unsolved.
二．句型轉換
The building that was destroyed in the earthquake is being rebuilt.
→ The building ______ in the earthquake is being rebuilt.
(過去分詞作定語)
When the homework was finished, the children went out to play.
→ ______ the homework finished, the children went out to play.
(with復合結構)
The teacher wants the students to understand the grammar rules clearly.
→ The teacher wants the grammar rules ______ by the students.
(過去分詞作賓語補足語)
The letter that was written in French is hard to translate.
→ The letter ______ in French is hard to translate.
(過去分詞作定語)
The boy shouted so loudly that everyone could hear him.
→ The boy shouted so loudly that he could ______ by everyone.
(make + 賓語 + 賓語補足語)
答案
語法填空題答案
built 2. damaged 3. hidden 4. directed 5. displayed
turned 7. injured 8. assigned 9. discovered 10. informed
polluted 12. written 13. proved 14. frightened 15. visited
known 17. boiled 18. given 19. baked 20. discussed
句型轉換題答案
destroyed 2. With 3. understood 4. written 5. make himself heard

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