資源簡介

(共20張PPT)
ADJECTIVES
To learn about and practise using adjectives.
Watch the video and find the right order of the adjectives.
Differences in spellings between British English and American English
The only correct order:
strong black Italian coffee
An adjective modifies (gives us more information about) a noun or a pronoun to. 形容詞修飾名詞或代詞，提供更多的信息。
There are two classes of adjectives: qualitative adjectives (性質(zhì)形容詞) and classifying adjectives (類別形容詞).
qualitative: e.g. blue, cheerful, short, hot …
classifying: e.g. Chinese, Italian, oval, female …
Adjectives
Qualitative adjectives always come before classifying adjectives. 性質(zhì)形容詞總是置于類別形容詞前。
a fragile Venetian vase
Use the following methods to decide if an adjective is qualitative or classifying:
You can use qualitative adjectives (but not classifying adjectives) in the comparative and superlative form, e.g. hotter, hottest.
Qualitative adjectives can also be modified by a word such as extremely, very, etc., while classifying adjectives cannot.
Adjectives
1. If you had to choose the _________ most important discovery of the 20th century …
2. … the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending __________ messages.
3. … it is __________ to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
Complete the sentences with adjectives from the text.
single
instant
possible
Adjectives
4. … this ___________ young man was rocking his _____________ baby when he was suddenly inspired.
5. In 1928, another __________ finding was made by ...
6. … the world as we know it today would be a completely __________ place.
outspoken
one-year-old
important
different
Study the sentences in Activity 9. Answer the questions and do some exercises.
1. If there is more than one adjective before a noun, what is the order of the adjectives
If there is more than one adjective before a noun, opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives (e.g. single most important discovery).
Watch the video and do the following exercise.
Classify the words into opinion or fact adjectives.
young, silver, depressed, happy, large, outspoken, old,
humble, blue, Japanese, useful, boring, wooden, lovely
Opinion adjectives
Fact adjectives
depressed, happy, outspoken, humble, useful, boring, lovely
young, silver, large, old, blue, Japanese, wooden
Watch the video about Rule 2 and do the following exercise.
Translate the sentences into English.
1) 她為一家法國小公司工作。
____________________________________________________
2) 我喜歡這些黑白老電影。
____________________________________________________
3) 我們給父母買了一個新的皮沙發(fā)。
____________________________________________________
4) 這個女孩真的需要買一頂暖和的羊毛帽子。
____________________________________________________
She works for a small French company.
I love these old black-and-white films.
We bought a new leather sofa for our parents.
The girl really needs to buy a warm woolly hat.
The most common order of adjectives:
Order of adjectives Examples
Quantity or number sixteen, two, twenty-five, one hundred and ten
Quality or opinion attractive, amazing, striking, beautiful, handsome, brilliant, delicious
Size enormous, tiny, tall, short
Age nineteen-year-old, twenty-year-old
Shape round, oval
Colour red, blue, violet, magenta
Proper adjective (nationality or place of origin) French, Chinese, Italian, British, American
Material platinum, diamond
The attractive young girl wore a beautiful blue dress.
The tiny silver balls looked attractive on the birthday cake.
The short elderly lady walked proudly into the room.
The handsome Italian man was wearing expensive clothes.
2. What words can be used to modify adjectives
Adverbs can modify adjectives.
Underline the adverbs in the sentences.
1) We both came to completely different conclusions.
2) That terribly depressed clown was named Grock.
3) The painting was incredibly beautiful.
4) The truly happy bride and groom went on honeymoon.
5) The twins had very different characteristics.
3. Find some compound adjectives. How are they formed
For example, “one-year-old” and “strong-willed” are compound adjectives. They are formed when two or more adjectives are joined together by a hyphen.
e.g. The man-eating lion was tracked down.
He read the three-hundred-page book.
She is a world-renowned author.
The thirty-one-year-old lady celebrated her birthday.
4. Which of the adjectives are comparable adjectives Which are non-comparable adjectives
Adjectives that show quality, opinion, size, shape, or colour are comparable. Adjectives that show quantity, number, nationality or material are non-comparable.
將下列單詞進行排序。
1. short, detective, some, interesting, stories
__________________________________________
2. old, small, a / an, stone, house
__________________________________________
3. red, big, those, fresh, apples
__________________________________________
4. pretty, electric, my, new, bike
__________________________________________
some interesting short detective stories
a small old stone house
those fresh big red apples
my pretty new electric bike
1. Review Grammar.
2. Complete Activity 4 on page 89.(共33張PPT)
scientific
outspoken
subsequently
relativity
premier
best or most important
about or related to science, or using its methods
after an event in the past
expressing your opinions honestly and directly, even when doing this might annoy some people
the state of being judged in comparison with other things and not by itself
accuracy
humble
finding
joint
efficiently
the information that someone has discovered as a result of their study, work etc
the quality of being correct or true
not considering yourself or your ideas to be as important as other people's
work well without wasting time, money, or energy
involving two or more people or groups, or owned or shared by them
1. Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to staging operations to replace diseased organs with donated ones.
range from ... to ... to include a variety of different things or people in addition to those mentioned
包括(從……到……)之間的各類事物
e.g. The jobs range from advertising sales to engineering.
range from ... to ... if prices, levels, temperatures etc range from one amount to another, they include both those amounts and anything in between
(價格、水平、溫度等)處于某個范圍之內(nèi)(包括上下限)
e.g. Costs range from 50 to several hundred dollars.
There were 120 students whose ages ranged from 10 to 18.
【語境應用】根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示補全下面句子(每空一詞)。
1) The population of these cities ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (在300萬到500萬之間).
2) The show attracted a wide audience, ________ ________ ________ ________ ______________ (從小孩到老人都有).
ranges from three
ranging from
million to five million
children to grandparents
donate vt. to allow some blood or a body organ to be removed from your body so that it can be used in a hospital to help someone who is ill or injured
捐(血), 獻(血); 捐獻(器官)
e.g. The appeal for people to donate blood was very successful.
Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.
The computers were donated by local companies.
to give something, especially money, to a person or an organization in order to help them
捐贈，捐獻(尤指錢)
e.g. Donations to help rebuild the community center now total one hundred thousand yuan.
the donation of a quarter of a million pounds
blood donation
donation n. 捐贈物(尤指捐款); 捐助(尤指錢)
【語境應用】英譯漢。
1) He donated thousands of pounds to charity.
他向慈善事業(yè)捐款數(shù)千英鎊。
2) The organization suggests ways to help besides donating money.
除了捐錢之外，該組織還提出了一些幫助的方法。
3) I've been donating blood regularly for a few years now.
這幾年我一直定期獻血。
2. Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones, and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing and sending instant messages.
correspond vi. to write letters to someone and receive letters from them 通信
correspond with sb. 與……通信
e.g. For the next three years they corresponded regularly.
I've been corresponding with several experts in the field.
correspond v. if two things or ideas correspond, the parts or information in one relate to the parts or information in the other
符合; 相一致
correspond to / with sth. 相符合, 相一致
e.g. These goods don’t correspond with / to my order.
His words always don’t correspond with / to his actions.
correspondence n. 相符, 一致；通信, 信件
in correspondence with 和……一致；和……有通信聯(lián)系
correspondent n. 通訊員; 記者
corresponding adj. 相符的; 相應的
【語境應用】根據(jù)漢語意思補全下列句子(每空一詞)。
1) 統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)和我們自己的經(jīng)驗不相符。
The statistics ________ ________ ___________ ________ our own experience.
2) 羅伊和歐洲最重要的學者們有書信往來。
Roy ____________ ________ leading European scholars.
do not correspond with / to
corresponds with
instant adj. happening or produced immediately
立刻的，馬上的
instant food, coffee etc is in the form of powder and prepared by adding hot water
(食物、咖啡等)即食的，調(diào)制方便的
e.g. They took an instant liking to each other.
We can’t promise instant solutions, but we can promise to listen.
instant coffee / soup / noodles 即溶咖啡／速食湯 /方便面
I want to have a cup of instant coffee.
instant n. a moment 片刻，頃刻
the instant (that) 一……(就……)
in an instant 立刻，立即，馬上
e.g. She woke up the instant the phone rang.
The pain disappeared in an instant.
【語境應用】根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示翻譯下面句子。
1) 這個賬戶讓你隨時調(diào)動款項。 (instant)
2)電話鈴聲一響她就醒了。 (the instant)
3) 開始下雨的時候，人群立刻散去。 (in an instant)
This account gives you instant access to your money.
She woke up the instant the phone rang.
When the rain started, the crowd disappeared in an instant.
3. We started flying around the world, launching satellites into orbit and, at the same time, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.
and連接的并列分句
都做started的賓語
過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾atom。
e.g. An experimental satellite was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on Thursday morning.
The scheme was launched a year ago.
He is launching his son on a career in banking.
launch vt. to send a weapon or spacecraft into the sky or into space 發(fā)射
to start something, usually something big or important 發(fā)動，發(fā)起，開始從事
figure out to understand sth. or to find an answer or solution for sth. 算出，想出；理解，弄明白
e.g. It can be difficult to figure out creative ways to finish the task.
I can't figure out why he does these crazy things.
We had to figure out the connection between the two events.
4. Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery, it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century.
although引導的讓步狀語從句
it作形式主語，后面的動詞不定式是真正的主語。
本句中作者使用了Although it is impossible to …, it is possible to …結(jié)構(gòu)來構(gòu)成強調(diào)和對比。這種句型可以運用到我們的日常交際或?qū)懽髦校嵘Z言亮點。
single out to treat or to speak about (someone or something in a group) in a way that is different from the way you treat or speak about others 挑出；挑選
e.g. The coach singled out the players who played poorly.
Who would you single out as the most promising student of the year
We wanted to single out the main threat to civilisation.
5. Einstein then showed in his “theory of relativity” that not even time, mass or length are constant -- they change according to our experience of them.
constant adj. staying the same 恒久不變的
e.g. In our world nothing seems constant.
In history, change is constant.
They were constant in friendship.
He is constant to his friends.
loyal and faithful 忠實的，忠誠的
happening regularly or all the time
持續(xù)不斷的，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的
constant n. a number or quantity that never changes
常數(shù); 常量; 恒量
something that stays the same even though other things change 不變的事; 恒定的事物
e.g. In the world of fashion it sometimes seems that the only constant is ceaseless change.
Two significant constants have been found in a number of research studies.
【語境應用】英譯漢。
1) Doctors are under constant pressure to treat more and more patients.
醫(yī)生承受著治療越來越多病人的持續(xù)壓力。
2) The samples need to be stored at a constant temperature.
這些樣本需要在恒溫下保存。
6. This blue mould was in fact the natural form of penicillin, which Fleming perceived could be used to kill bacteria.
perceive vt. to notice, see, or recognize something
察覺; 注意到; 發(fā)覺
e.g. I perceived a note of unhappiness in her voice.
A key task is to get pupils to perceive for themselves the relationship between success and effort.
perceive v. to understand or think of sb./sth. in a particular way
將……理解為；將……視為；認為
e.g. This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.
Children who do badly in school tests often perceive themselves to be failures.
7. During the Cold War, a “huge network” of computers was proposed by two American scientists.
propose vt. to suggest an idea, method etc as an answer to a scientific question or as a better way of doing something 提出(某觀點、方法等)
e.g. A number of theories have been proposed to explain the phenomenon.
He proposed a possible solution to me.
propose v. (formal) to suggest something as a plan or course of action 提議，建議
to intend to do something 打算，計劃
to ask someone to marry you, especially in a formal way (尤指正式地向某人) 求婚
propose to sb. 向某人求婚
e.g. The report proposes extending the motorway.
How does he propose to deal with the situation
Shaun proposed to me only six months after we met.
I. 根據(jù)下列各句句意以及所給單詞的首字母或漢語提示詞，寫出該單詞的正確形式（每空一詞）。
1. Television remains one of the most popular sources of ____________ (娛樂節(jié)目) to give us a break from our lives.
2. This inventor is very h__________ about his achievements, owing his success to good luck.
3. Both companies are involved in the j________ development of a new medium-sized car.
entertainment
humble
joint
4. These newly-designed __________ ( 設(shè)備) will appear at the exhibition next month. Let's check them out together then.
5. The scientist's mother was a(n) __________ (持續(xù)不斷的) source of love, advice, and inspiration even when she was hundreds of miles away.
6. The name of Stephen Hawking is widely recognised both within and outside the scientific community as a p_________ scientist and best selling author.
devices
constant
premier
II. 英漢互譯。
1. 這家公司推出了一種幫助刺激頭發(fā)生長的新設(shè)備。(launch)
2. 研究人員提出了一種確保飲用水系統(tǒng)安全的新方法。(propose)
The company launched a new device to help stimulate hair growth.
The researchers proposed a new way to ensure the safety of drinking water systems.
3. 我看不出電腦上這兩張圖片有什么不同。(perceive)
4. According to the space center, a new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.
5. Every dollar donated to the company will be directly invested in medical research.
I can't perceive any difference between the two pictures on the computer.
據(jù)航天中心稱，一顆新衛(wèi)星已被送入環(huán)繞地球的軌道。
捐贈給該公司的每一美元都將直接投資于醫(yī)學研究。(共32張PPT)
Unit 12
UNIT 12 INNOVATION
LESSON 1
SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS
To read and talk about important inventions and discoveries of the 20th century
To read for general understanding
To read for specific information and understand words in context
To write a summary of an important discovery or invention
What do you think are the most important inventions or discoveries of the 20th century
Can you name a few inventors
Albert Einstein
Alexander
Fleming
Eckert
&
Mauchly
Tim Berners-Lee
What makes them great
premier scientist pioneers of the 20th century
to be committed to to be inspired by
to be proposed by to improve the quality of human life
Read the text about some of the pioneers in science during the 20th century. What discoveries are mentioned Who made them
Inventions or Discoveries Inventors or Discoverers
E=mc2 theory Albert Einstein
Penicillin Alexander Fleming
The world’s first computer Eckert and Mauchly
World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee
Match the discoveries or inventions (1-4) with how they came about (a-d).
1 E=mc2
2 penicillin
3 the first computer
4 the Internet
a there was a lucky accident
b scientists worked together as a team
c different scientists worked on it for many years
d a scientist was inspired
1 ____ 2 ____ 3 ____ 4 ____
d
a
b
c
Underline your answers in the text.
A. Splitting the atom
B. Discovering the smallest particle of matter
C. Replacing diseased organs with donated ones
D. Flying around the world and launching satellites
E. Discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes
F. Using mobile phones, emailing and sending instant messages
Tick the important discoveries that are mentioned in the first paragraph.
Read Para. 3-Para. 5 and fill in the following blanks.
Scientific breakthroughs Pioneers Time Detailed information
E=mc2 Albert Einstein In the summer of 1. __________ ★ Inspired when he was rocking his baby
★ Showing how a small piece of 2. __________ could produce an unbelievable amount of energy
1905
mass
Scientific breakthroughs Pioneers Time Detailed information
Theory of relativity Albert Einstein \ Time, mass or length change according to our 3. __________ of them.
Penicillin 4. _________ _________ In 1928 ★ Accidentally, he found the natural form of penicillin.
★ Mass-produced penicillin saved the lives of 5. __________.
experience
millions
Alexander
Fleming
Scientific breakthroughs Pioneers Time Detailed information
The world's first computer Eckert and Mauchly In 1946 ★ To improve the 6. __________ of the missiles of the US Navy
★ It was huge and used much 7. __________.
accuracy
energy
Read Para. 6 and complete the diagram.
During the Cold War A “huge network” of 1. __________ was proposed by two American scientists. By the end of the 1960s Some 2. _______ _________ were established. In 3. ________
The World Wide Web was invented by 4. ___________________________.
computers
networks
1990
Tim Berners-Lee
mini-
Find information about how the following things were invented / discovered. Organise the information in your own way. Then describe the process in groups.
E=mc2
Who
Significance
How
…
Albert Einstein
inspired while rocking his baby
showing how a small piece of mass could produce an unbelievable amount of energy
theory of relativity
penicillin
Who
Significance
How
…
Alexander Fleming
a lucky accident
helping to save the lives of millions
remained humble about the amazing outcome of his discovery
computer
Who
Significance
How
…
Eckert and Mauchly
working together as a team
the world’s first computer
to improve the accuracy of the missiles of the US Navy
using too much energy when it was turned on
the Internet
Who
Significance
How
…
Tim Berners-Lee
different scientists working on it for many years
enabling computers all over the world to communicate with each other
without the Internet, unimaginable
( ) 1 It is not easy to choose the single most important discoveries of the 20th century.
( ) 2 An atom is the smallest particle of matter.
( ) 3 Einstein was at work when he thought of the equation “E=mc2”.
( ) 4 Einstein participated in the programme that developed the nuclear bomb.
( ) 5 Einstein observed changes in time, size and mass.
T
F
F
NI
T
Write T (true), F (false) or NI (no information) in brackets.
Para 1 and para 2
Para 3
( ) 6 Fleming had been studying bacteria in his laboratory when the discovery happened.
( ) 7 Fleming developed the process of making penicillin.
( ) 8 The first computer project failed to meet its original
goal.
( ) 9 The first computer was extremely difficult to
programme.
( ) 10 Computers could not connect to each other before
1990.
F
NI
T
NI
F
Para 4
Para 5
Para 6 and para 7
1 Which discovery or invention mentioned in the text has been the most important so far Why
2 Which discovery or invention will most influence the future Why
Line 12: Although … Here are some of them.
Line 15: One of the 20th century’s premier scientists was …
Line 24: … another important finding …
Line 34: … when Fleming’s discovery was …
Line 49: With the development of computers …
Line 57: These pioneers …
3 How did the writer connect the paragraphs Circle the signal words or phrases.
把握主題詞匯鏈
詞匯是構(gòu)成語篇的基本成分，它們在語篇中不是孤立地存在著，而是彼此之間形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系，共同協(xié)助完成各種交際功能。語篇的主題就是通過主題詞匯(topic-related words)加以體現(xiàn)的。
文章主題是20 世紀中重大的科學進步。第一段通過使用過去情景描述法總述了20 世紀很多偉大的發(fā)明以及發(fā)現(xiàn)，涉及醫(yī)學、通訊、交通等領(lǐng)域。
該段中與全文主題相關(guān)的詞匯有：discovery of the 20th century → Amazing discoveries → Medical advances → discovering → the introduction of mobile phones → the way we correspond went from … to … → scientists figured out。眾多的主題詞匯形成了一條長長的鏈條，我們稱之為主題詞匯鏈(the lexical chain of topic)。主題詞匯鏈的存在使語篇的主題更加突出。
Now find topic-related words in other paragraphs.
Each member writes a short summary about one of the discoveries or inventions from the following aspects. Then share with other members. The whole group works together to edit the summaries before putting them together to make a poster.
inventor
purpose
Inventions
process
Complete the passage with the correct form of the words below.
orbit missile enable launch accuracy
scientific microscope inventor biologist
I really don’t know what I want to do when I leave school. My dad is a computer engineer working on the improvement of the 1________ of the Navy’s 2________. I would like to follow in his footsteps, but then I’d have to sit in front of a computer all day. My mum is a 3_________, but it seems to me that all she does is looking at bacteria through a 4___________.
accuracy
missiles
biologist
microscope
All that stuff about 5__________ findings that save people’s lives is pretty interesting, but I think I might be more interested in studying medicine. But then again, my uncle is a scientist and he is always talking about 6____________ satellites into 7________. I find this very exciting. I know what I want to be! I could be an 8_________! I could come up with hundreds of inventions that will 9_________ people to live better lives. But … I don’t think there’s a university course for inventors. Maybe I should just find out what I really like first.
scientific
launching
orbit
inventor
enable
orbit missile enable launch accuracy
scientific microscope inventor biologist
Search online to find the major discoveries and inventions of the 21st century. Which do you think is the most important Why
Virtual reality, or VR, has brought scenarios once seen in the field of science fiction, into real life. Using VR goggles, users can be transported anywhere to experience whatever they want. VR can
be widely used in artificial intelligence, education and training,
medicine, gaming and tourism. It’s the most important invention, I think. But I also feared the potential risk of some people choosing to spend most of their time in this fantasy world to escape their humdrum existence and real human
contact.
Write a passage in about 120 words according to Activity 11.

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