資源簡介

讀后續(xù)寫-寫作指導(dǎo)
讀后續(xù)寫一些注意點：
1.續(xù)寫兩個段落的開頭語應(yīng)該與所給文章關(guān)聯(lián);續(xù)寫第段開頭語應(yīng)與續(xù)寫第一段結(jié)尾關(guān)聯(lián);適當(dāng)可以考慮首尾照應(yīng),升華主題!(逆向思維-以主題結(jié)局定情節(jié))
2續(xù)寫段落不應(yīng)該無緣無故增加新人物來解決故事的問題。
3.續(xù)寫的內(nèi)容應(yīng)積極向上、彰顯核心價值觀和正能量;故事一般都是 Happy ending;
讀后續(xù)寫-------情節(jié)
讀懂原文
記敘文要素
角色
視角
時空線
情節(jié)線
語言句式/風(fēng)格
線索
主題
情節(jié)提綱：
三銜接： 提示句A。_銜接1+過渡句_+銜接2________
提示句B。__銜接3+過渡句+結(jié)尾主題______
銜接1------對提示句1中的某個詞進行提問，由答案得出銜接句1.
過渡句推演：由兩個銜接句推測中間一句
銜接2-----對提示句2的某個詞提問，由答案得出銜接句2.
銜接3-----對提示句2的某個詞提問，由答案得出銜接句3.
細節(jié)豐富 ARE原則 action response emotion
情節(jié)中的一個角色的action會導(dǎo)致另一個角色的反應(yīng)response，并且會伴隨情感emotion
細節(jié)豐富并非越來越好，因為次數(shù)限制，就需要把一些情節(jié)以概括陳述為主，然后細節(jié)描述，這樣才能推動故事的完整。大量的細節(jié)描述或者對話都會導(dǎo)致虎頭蛇尾，節(jié)奏拖沓，一定要注意。
讀后續(xù)寫-----主題
高考讀后續(xù)寫的文章情節(jié)一般很簡單的，正因為如此，會有這種感覺：文章似乎平淡無奇，沒寫什么。而實際上，再簡單的文章也會有主題。主題就是寫作的靈魂，影響細節(jié)的發(fā)展
把主題類型分為以下四種：
一、“改變”類：從Negative到Positive
二、“沖突或問題”類：從Conflict或Problem到Solution
三、“脫險”類：從Dangerous到 Safe
四、“過程發(fā)展”類：從Beginning到Result
簡單解釋一下：
第一種：文章一開始通常描述主人公的消極的情緒或價值觀，然后通過一件事認識到了自己的不對，并且正確地去做事。諸如：把愛心或善行傳遞下去（pay the kindness forward）。
第二種：文章先說主人公遇到的難題或和其他人產(chǎn)生的沖突，然后在某種啟發(fā)下或在某人的助下解決了這個問題；或者被對方的行為感化后意識到自己的不對從而解決了沖突。這種占90％讀者需要認真分析問題和途徑，而主題通常就是蘊含在途徑（solution）里。
第三種：文章的主人公遇到了危險，偶遇野獸攻擊、火災(zāi)、困在水中、迷路等等，然后脫險。主就是體現(xiàn)在如何脫險的過程中，可能是勇敢、善良、機智等。
第四種：文章單純描述一件事的過程和結(jié)果，這個結(jié)果可能比較有趣。
第一類---------主題類型的改變 從消極到積極
Fourteen Steps
They say a cat has nine lives, and I think that possible since I am now living my third life and I'm not even a cat.
My first life began on a clear, cold day in November, 1904, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a poor farming family.But then I was very happy, in excellent health. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls.
Life was a pleasant dream.
Then the dream ended and became one of those horrible nightmares that cause you to wake in a cold sweat in the middle of the night. I began to suffer from a rare disease of nerves,affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side.
Thus began my second life ...
In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day. And I managed to keep healthy and optimistic, to a degree, because of 14 steps.
Crazy Not at all.
Our home has 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door． Here hobbled（跛行）a desperate cripple（瘸子），a man who held on because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage.
Then on a dark night, I began my third life. It was raining when I started from home that night and drove on one of the less-traveled roads. Suddenly one of the tires burst with a bang. I fought the car to a stop.
Then I remembered that a short distance up a little side road was a house. I drove slowly along until I came to the house. Lighted windows welcomed me as I pulled into the driveway.
The door opened and a little girl stood there. I told her that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for me because I had a crutch（拐杖）and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and a moment later came out,followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting.
I sat there comfortable and dry. The rain seemed to be easing a bit now, and I rolled down the window to watch.
注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。
There followed a long interval of noises, but finally it was done.
He didn't take the bill and the little girl stepped closer and said quietly, “Grandpa can't see it.”
一．怎么讀：
敘事 1．角色：I；a little girl，Grandpa 2．視角：第一人稱 3．時空線：November 1904→married→second life 4．情節(jié)線：出生→結(jié)婚→患病→修車→（續(xù)寫）車修好；修車人未收錢。 5．情感線：我：“happy”開心→“horrible＂恐懼→“comfortable ”舒適。 （2）綜合以上信息，請概括大意。
語言 1．句式：非謂語動詞；時間狀語從句，形容詞作狀語。（3）請分別在文中標出來。 2．修辭：擬聲“bang”。 3．風(fēng)格：敘述平緩，心理描寫很豐富。 （4）請在文章中將可能的線索都找出來。例如：．．．I am now living my third life．．．．（我的現(xiàn)狀） 本文屬于negative-positive部分：生病不屈服，車壞老人修：生活中到處有感人之處。
線索 主題
二．怎么寫
1．續(xù)寫情節(jié)的預(yù)測-321原則（3銜接、2過渡、1主題）；對關(guān)鍵詞提問
第一段：（順序：銜接句1,2→過渡句）
銜接1-對noises和it was done提問“做什么”：What did I notice？
過渡句推演：銜接1→？←銜接2
銜接2-根據(jù)didn’t take the bill提問“怎么做”：How did I handle it？
第二段：（順序：主題句，銜接句3→過渡句）
銜接3-根據(jù) Grandpa can＇t see it提問“怎么樣”：How did I feel？
過渡句推演：銜接 --- ←主題
主題：I was grateful for being saved physically and mentally.
結(jié)合問題回答，初步寫出提綱內(nèi)容。
情節(jié)思路-ARE原則（Action、Response、Emotion）
第一段：車終于修好→①老人汗流浹背→②詢問修車費用→③感謝與付款；
第二段：老人不收費，眼睛看不見→④我的感嘆→⑤感謝后開車離開→⑥我決定幫助困境人。
情節(jié)答案：
There followed a long interval of noises, but finally it was done. ①I saw the old man sweating all over but pleased that he had changed the tire. ②I asked him how much it cost,but he would not accept it.③thanked them sincerely and handed the money to him again.
He didn't take the bill and the little girl stepped closer and said quietly,“Grandpa can't see it ④Upon hearing this,I was astonished and restless. ⑤I thanked them again and drove away.⑥I made up my mind to help others in need. A good deed deserves another.
對預(yù)測的細節(jié)拓展-添加細節(jié)（細化動作、心理活動等）
參考范文分析 There followed a long interval of noises, but finally it was done. ①Then they were standing at my car window. He was an old man, bent and wet through. The little girl was about eight with a wide smile as she looked up at me. He told me I could leave now with relief.②“Thanks,”I said. “How much do I owe you ”He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were on crutches. I know you'd do the same for me.” ③But I still held out a five-dollar bill.
He didn't take the bill and the little girl stepped closer and said quietly,“Grandpa can't see it.” ④ In the next few frozen seconds shame flooded over me. A blind man and a child! In the cold rain, they changed a tire for me-with me sitting in comfort in the car.⑤There was a long silence before I drove away, shaken in mind, humbled in spirit.⑥ I am trying now not only to climb 14 steps each day, but in my small way to help others. Someday, perhaps, I'Il have the chance to help a blind man in equal difficulties-someone as blind as I had been.(170 words)
①之前我舒舒服服坐車上，車修好后才注意到修車人人老背駝（old，bent）；wet through 濕透；a wide smile滿面笑容；look up at仰視；leave...with relief放心離去，這說明老人技術(shù)好，體貼人。
②owe欠；on crutches（拄拐杖），體現(xiàn)了他的同情心。
③hold out a five-dollar bill拿出一張五美元的鈔票。
④frozen seconds時間凝固了；flood over 傳遍；A blind man and a child！名詞獨立成句，感嘆號表示震驚；sitting in comfort照應(yīng)線索e。
⑤shaken in mind，humbled in spirit 心靈上震撼巨大，精神上羞愧難當(dāng)。
⑥climb 14 steps，help a blind man和as blind as I這兩個blind含義不同，前者指的是身體上的，后者為引申意義。
練習(xí)：
It had been one of those days when nothing goes right. I was due at work at 8 o'clock, but I was te minutes late because I overslept. I went straight to my regular post-the toy department.It was two days be fore Christmas and the department was a mess. It caused me to think back to the time when I enjoyed Christmas.That was two years ago,before I came to work here.
Somehow since that time, Christmas didn't mean much anymore, except more work and headaches The whole day, I was cursed, yelled at and stepped on. And I still had to finish my Christmas shopping that evening. I had just finished explaining to a man why we didn't sell firecrackers, when I felt a tug on my arm.
It was one of the two kids I had been keeping an eye on for a while-security told us to watch kids for stealing. He and his little sister had been looking at the “discount” counter, where we had all the cheapest toys. Before I even bent down to listen to him, I checked around for his sister. I didn't see her.
“Mister, do you think this would be a good present for my little sister ” he said in a broken accent, holding up a bottle of soap bubble liquid. “I don't want her to know about it,” he whispered before I could even answer.
I just agreed with him. He stuck his hand in the pocket of his dirty jeans and pulled out a fistful of change, asking if he had enough money to pay for it.“It looks like you'll have to try to find something else,”I said. “You need ten more cents.” I doubted it was a trick, especially at Christmas. He looked sad and went back to find something else.
I watched him from the corner of my eye for a while as he looked at other items, but always came back to the soap bubbles. I left the area for a few minutes and when I came back he was still there, trying to find a cheaper gift. Somehow, the kid struck me as someone different from most of the troublemakers we got in he toy department.
注意：續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。
I went over to him and asked if he had found anything yet.
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I followed him secretly to see what he really spent the money on.
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讀后續(xù)寫 寫作必要技巧：
Skill 1: 情緒表達的生動性
0.緊張
I felt my face burning and palms sweating.
Actually, with so many eyes fixed on me,
My heart is still racing increasingly rapidly
1.樂:
The smile on her face shone like a diamond
She wore a shining smile on her face.
Her eyes were sparkling like diamonds
2.憤怒
He glared at me with burning eyes
Mary felt a wave of anger sweep over her. 瑪麗感到一陣憤怒。
He could feel the anger welling up inside him.
他能感覺到自己怒火中燒。
3.悲傷/煩惱
He stood silently, tears rolling down his cheeks
4.害怕
He turned to me, with his eyes full of horror
A food of fear welled up in him. /Fear flooded over him
5.感動
Tears filling her eyes, she offered her heartfelt gratitude
With tears streaming down her face. She…..
A.說話方式：
1. She snapped at him. (或："...," she snapped.)
她厲聲斥責(zé)他。
2. Then he became angry and threatened that he would go to the police.
然后他生氣了，威脅說要去報警。
3. His comments left me speechless with rage.
他的那番話氣得我說不出話來。
4. “That's a lie!” he shouted in anger.
“撒謊！”他怒吼道。
5. “I will never believe you again!” she barked at him with all her strength.
“我再也不會相信你了！”她使勁向他大聲吼叫。
B.聲音：
1. He clicked his tongue impatiently and shrugged his shoulders. Muttering under his breath, he stomped out of the room.
他不耐煩地嘖嘖嘴，聳了聳肩。他低聲咕噥著，跺著腳走出了房間。
2. Her voice was choked with rage.
她氣得聲音都哽咽了。
3. Reg's voice shook with rage.
雷吉氣得聲音都發(fā)抖了。
4. Kitty's voice shook with anger and she glared at him through narrowed eyes.
基蒂的聲音因憤怒而顫抖，她瞇起眼睛瞪著他。
5. Robert folded his arms across his chest and started speaking over her in a raised voice.
羅伯特把雙臂交叉在胸前，開始高聲對她說話。
C.表情
1. A blaze of anger flashed across his face.
他頓時面露怒色。
2. His face was red with rage.
他氣得滿臉通紅。
3.His face was suddenly filled with anger.
突然間他一臉憤怒。
4. His face twisted with rage/in anger.
他氣得臉都變形了。
5. A flush of anger and embarrassment spread across his cheeks.
他的臉上露出憤怒與尷尬的表情。
6. He looked ready to explode with rage.
他看上去怒不可遏。
7. A burst of fury made his cheeks burn.
一陣怒火使他兩頰發(fā)燙。
D.眼：
1. Kitty saw the veins pulsing in his neck and a flash of anger burning in his eyes.
基蒂看見他脖子上的血管在搏動，眼睛里閃著怒火。
2. Eyes narrowed and teeth clenched, she stared at Robert with an expression of utter disbelief.
她瞇起眼睛，咬緊牙關(guān)，用一種完全不相信的表情盯著羅伯特。
3. Scowling, Robert rolled his eyes to heaven and blasted her with a fierce stare.
羅伯特愁眉苦臉，把眼睛翻到天上，狠狠地瞪了她一眼。
E.肢
1. He got up in a rage and stormed out.
他怒氣沖沖地站起來，沖了出去
2. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.
福里斯特盯著他的汽車，氣得渾身發(fā)抖。
3. She shivered as the sound of that man's abuse rang/echoed in her ears.
她耳邊回響起那個男人的辱罵，氣得渾身發(fā)抖。
4. He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.
他雙臂合抱站在那里，看樣子很生氣。
5. Breathless/Wordless/burning with anger/boiling with rage, she stood up and walked out.
她氣得喘不過氣來，站起來走了出去。她怒氣沖沖地站起來走了出去。

F.腳
1. She was stamping her foot on the ground out of anger.
他生氣地直跺腳。
H.手：
1.She slapped her palm against the desk in anger.
她生氣地用手拍擊桌子。
2. He banged/batted his fist loudly on the table.
他的拳頭重重地砸在桌上。
3. He swung his fists wildly at the man's head.
他瘋狂地揮拳朝這個男人的頭上打去。
4. "No!" I blurted[bl t] out, my fists clenched with rage.
"不!" 我脫口而出，我的拳頭因憤怒而握緊。
5. She dismissed him with an impatient wave of her hand.
她不耐煩地揮了揮手，把他打發(fā)走了。
6. He pounded on the table with his fist and glared at her furiously.
他用拳頭猛擊桌子，怒視著她。
I.牙齒：
1. “Come here now!” she growled through her clenched teeth.
“快到這兒來！”她咬牙切齒地咆哮道。
Skill 2:非謂語動詞的使用
改寫以下的句子為非謂語的表達：
含有狀語從句的句子（符合條件情況下）
含有and 鏈接的并列句或者并列動詞進行改寫。
When Mac cycled with his friends, he met a wolf
= (When )cycling with his friends, he met a wolf.
Because Mac was chased by a wolf, he sped up
= Chased by a wolf, he sped up
Skill3: with 結(jié)構(gòu)的使用
結(jié)構(gòu)： with +賓語+ doing
功能： 原因狀語 / 伴隨狀語
With her plan ruined by her son, Mary let out a cry of anger.
Mary let out a cry of anger with her voice trembling

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