資源簡介

(共77張PPT)
Unit 2
No Rules, No Order
初中英語人教版七年級下冊
Section A Grammar Focus
What rules do we follow
Section A
通過本課時學習，我能夠：
1.觀察例句并歸納總結祈使句和情態動詞的意義、結構及用法。（學習理解）
2.使用祈使句和情態動詞完成對話并描述標識。（應用實踐）
3.小組合作討論不同場合的規則，畫出標識并使用已學句型介紹規則。（遷移創新）
學習目標
Watch the video
What school rules do they follow
______ cellphones in class.
______ your hand to speak.
_________ your classmates and your teacher.
______ prepared (準備好的) for class.
______ sleeping in class.
No
Raise
Respect
Be
Don’t
Look and say
No cellphones in class.
Raise your hand to speak.
Respect your classmates and your teacher.
Be prepared for class.
Don’t sleeping in class.
Take a deep breath.
What do they have in common
Short
No subjects
Begin with a verb
These sentences are called imperative sentences(祈使句)!
語法小課堂
祈使句（Imperative Sentences）
① 概念：祈使句一般用來表示請求、命令、勸說、號召、警告等。祈使句的主語一般是第二人稱 you，但往往省略。
② 句式：
肯定祈使句: 動詞原形+其他
否定式祈使句：Don’t+動詞原形+其他
語法小課堂
祈使句的種類
① Do 型祈使句
肯定句：動詞原形 +其他.
否定句：Don’t+動詞原形 +其他.
e.g. Take a deep breath.
Don’t watch TV before dinner.
語法小課堂
祈使句的種類
② Be 型祈使句
肯定句：Be +表語+其他.
否定句：Don’t+be+表語 +其他.
e.g. Be careful next time.
Don’t be noisy in the library!
語法小課堂
祈使句的種類
③ Let 型祈使句
肯定句：Let +賓語+動詞原形+其他.
否定句：Don’t+Let +賓語+動詞原形+其他.
e.g. Be careful next time.
Don’t be noisy in the library!
語法小課堂
祈使句的種類
④ No 型祈使句: No+v-ing! / No+名詞!
e.g. No photos!
No parking!
No fishing!
語法小課堂
Do 型祈使句
Be 型祈使句
Let 型祈使句
No 型祈使句
祈使句歌訣
祈使句，祈使句，請求、命令或建議。
主語是 you 常省去，動詞原形 開頭記。
否定形式要注意，Don’t 放到句首去。
要講客氣用 please，句首、句末沒關系。
No doing! 需提起，表示 禁止 不小覷。
Let’s Practice
1. It’s an important meeting. (not, be) late.
2. (not, make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. (not, talk) and (read) aloud.
4. The notice on the wall says “ ”. (no smoke)
5. (look) out! A car is coming.
6. (not, let) the baby cry.
7. Let’s (not say) anything about it.
Don’t talk
Don’t make
read
No smoking
Look
Don’t let
not say
Don’t be
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter./You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class？ No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
Read the sentences.
Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
祈使句中的動詞原型，不需要變換形式。
Walk in the hallway. Don’t run!
Be polite and treat one another with respect. Don’t litter./You mustn’t litter. / You can’t litter.
Can we bring our phones to class No,we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class？ No,we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
Read the sentences.
Do the verbs in bold need to change forms Why
情態動詞后用
動詞原型。
Can we bring our phones to class
No, we can’t. We must keep them in our lockers.
Can we eat snacks in class
No, we can’t eat in class. We have to eat in the dining hall.
語法小課堂
情態動詞（Modal Verbs）
情態動詞表示說話人的語氣和情態，如請求、許可、意愿、可能等。一般沒有人稱和數的變化。
情態動詞本身不能單獨作謂語，必須和動詞原形連用。
情態動詞的否定式一般是在其后加 not 構成，一般疑問句通常將它提到句首。
情態動詞的肯定式一般不重讀。
語法小課堂
情態動詞 can
① 表示能力
e.g. I can run fast, but I can’t swim.
② 表示許可，否定形式為 can’t, 表示 “不能，不可以”。
e.g. We can play basketball at the weekend.
Students can’t run in the hallways.
語法小課堂
情態動詞 must
① 表示“必須”否定形式 mustn’t 表示“禁止”
e.g. Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
Students mustn’t use their phones at school.
語法小課堂
情態動詞 must
② 以must開頭的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must，
否定回答用needn’t 或者don’t have to,表示“不必要”
e.g. —Must I clean the classroom now
—Yes, you must.
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
語法小課堂
情態動詞 have to
表示“不得不；必須”,
在表示“必須”時，與 must 意義接近，有時可互換。
e.g.
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she gets home.
We have to/must follow the rules.
語法小課堂
must 與 have to 區別
① must 表示說話人的主觀看法，語氣較為強烈，
have to 則強調客觀需要。
e.g.
We must hurry. I don’t want to miss the begining of the show.
We have to hurry. The train is leaving in 5 minutes.
語法小課堂
must 與 have to 區別
② 它們的否定式含義大不相同。
mustn’t 表示 “不準；禁止”，
don’t have to 表示“不必”。
e.g.
You mustn't talk to your mother like that.
You don't have to come if you don't want to.
語法小課堂
must 與 have to 區別
③ must沒有人稱和數的變化，而have to有人稱和數的變化。
e.g.
I / We / You / They must do something about it.
I have to finish my work today.
She has to work late today.
They have to get to the station before five o'clock.
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn't.
1. Don't jump the queue. You____________wait for your turn.
2. I __________ feed my dog many kinds of food, but I
_____________ give him chocolate. It’s bad for him!
3.A: Can I leave the classroom if I don't feel well
B: Yes, but you__________tell your teacher about it when you
__________be absent from class.
have to/must
can
can’t/mustn’t
must
have to
Complete the sentences using can, have to / must, or can’t / mustn't.
4. A: Hey! Can I look at your book
B: Shh, we____________ talk quietly in the library.
5. A: Can you put on your seat belt We____________wear one
when we're in a car.
B: Sure. Thanks!
must/have to
must/have to
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not eat or drink.
No eating or drinking.
You can't / mustn't eat or drink.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not park here.
No parking (here).
You can’t / mustn’t park (here).
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not take photos.
No photos.
You can’t / mustn’t take photos.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not swim.
No swimming.
You can’t / mustn’t swim.
Look at the first sign and read the rules. Then write the rules for the other signs.
Do not feed the birds.
No feeding the birds.
You can’t / mustn’t feed the birds.
Where can we find these signs
in the library
in the classroom
on the subway/bus
Where can we find these signs
on a sidewalk
at a bus stop
in front of a fire hydrant.
Where can we find these signs
in an art gallery.
in a cinema.
in a church.
Where can we find these signs
in a river/lake
…
Where can we find these signs
in a zoo without permission
…
Read, observe, and try.
No food
or drink.
No climbing.
No smoking.
No pets.
No noise.
In groups, brainstorm three rules for one of the places below.
Then draw signs to show the rules. Share your signs in class and explain what they mean.
library school dining hall park cinema hospital
In the library, we must keep quiet. we mustn’t make noise. We can’t ...
Library Rules
Keep quiet.
No eating or drinking.
Return books on time.
Silence your mobile phone.
No smoking.
In the library, we must keep quiet. We mustn’t make noise.
We can’t eat or drink in the library. Because it may make the
library untidy. We must return books on time. Last but not the
least, we have to make our mobile phones silent.
Dining Hall Rules
Don’t jump the queue.
Don’t waste food.
Clear dishes from the table before you leave.
Hospital Rules
Don’t run in the hallway.
Keep quiet.
No smoking.
Language points
Section A
考點 1：queue 的用法
【用法 ①】 queue n. （人、汽車等的）隊，行列
e.g. There was a long queue outside the bank.
【常用短語】 in a queue 排隊
jump the queue 插隊
e.g. How long were you in the queue 你排隊多長時間了？
It’s rude to jump the queue. 插隊是很不禮貌的。
考點 1：queue 的用法
【用法 ②】 queue v. （人、車輛等）排隊等候；不及物動詞，常與 up 連用
e.g. We queued up for hours to get tickets.
【常用短語】 queue for sth. 為……排隊
queue to do sth. 排隊做某事
e.g. They queued for the latest phone.
Shoppers queued to enter the supermarket during the sale.
考點 2：feed /fi d/ v. 喂養；飼養
【用法 】 feed v. 喂養；飼養。
用作及物動詞，其后常接表示人或動物的名詞作賓語。feed sb./sth. 喂某人/ 某物
feed 還可意為“養，養活(全家、一群人) ”，是及物動詞。
【feed 的常用結構】
(1) feed...to... 把……喂給……
(2) feed...on/with... 用……喂養……
(3) feed on... (動物) 以……為食
考點 2：feed /fi d/ v. 喂養；飼養
【例句 】
My grandma feeds chickens every day. 我奶奶每天都喂雞。
Please feed some fish to the cat. 請給貓喂些魚。
Let’s feed the monkey on/with some bananas.
讓我們給猴子喂些香蕉吧。
Pandas are black and white. They feed on bamboo.
大熊貓黑白相間。它們以竹子為食。
The elder brother had many children to feed. 哥哥有許多孩子要養活。
考點 3：leave /li v/ v. 離開；留下
【用法 】 leave v. “離開”，既可作及物動詞，也可作不及物動詞。
【常用結構】
① leave + 某地 離開某地
② leave for + 某地(目的地) 動身前往某地
③ leave A(出發地) for B(目的地) 離開A 地前往B 地
考點 3：leave /li v/ v. 離開；留下
【用法 】 leave 作動詞，還可以意為“使保留，讓……處于(某種狀態、某地等) ；
忘了帶；丟下”。
【常用結構】
① leave sb. alone 把某人單獨留下
② leave sth. + 地點 把某物忘在某地
考點 3：leave /li v/ v. 離開；留下
【例句】
If you don’t feel well, you can tell the teacher and ask for leaving the class.
如果你感到不舒服，你可以告訴老師并請求離開課堂。
He will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他將動身去北京。
The boss leaves Beijing for Shanghai every Monday morning.
老板每周一早上從北京動身去上海。
Leave me alone! 讓我一個人待一會兒！
Mary often leaves things at home. 瑪麗經常把東西落在家里。
考點 4：quietly /'kwa tli/ adv. 輕聲地；安靜地
【用法 】 quietly adv. 意為“輕聲地；安靜地”。修飾動詞或整句話。
其形容詞形式是quiet，
【常用結構】 keep quiet/ be quiet 保持安靜。
考點 4：quietly /'kwa tli/ adv. 輕聲地；安靜地
【例句 】
The mother leaves the bedroom quietly.
媽媽悄悄地離開了臥室。
With no noise, people stand there quietly with respect.
沒有任何噪聲，人們充滿敬意地靜靜地站在那里。
Everyone keeps quiet in our English class, because Ms Li is really strict.
在我們的英語課上每個人都保持安靜，因為李老師非常嚴格。
考點 5：noise /n z/ n. 聲音；噪聲
【用法 】 noise n. 聲音；噪聲。既可作可數名詞，也可作不可數名詞。
形容詞形式為 noisy，意為“吵鬧的；嘈雜的”
【常用結構】make a noise/noises
制造噪聲
考點 5：noise /n z/ n. 聲音；噪聲
【例句 】
—Do you mind the noise outside 你介意外邊的噪聲嗎？
—Of course I do! I can’t stand all this noise.
我當然介意！我不能忍受所有的這種噪聲。
Follow the rules. You mustn’t make any noise in class.
遵守規定。一定不要在課上制造噪聲。
It’s too noisy here. I can’t fall asleep at all.
這里太吵了，我根本睡不著。
考點 6：turn off 關掉( 水、電或煤氣)
【用法 】 turn off 常指關閉電源、水龍頭或煤氣等。動副短語，
如果賓語是代詞，則放在 turn 和 off 之間。
【turn 的其他常見詞組 】
① turn on 打開
② turn down 調低(聲音)
③ turn up 調高(聲音)
考點 6：turn off 關掉( 水、電或煤氣)
【例句 】
Turn off the light before leaving the room. 離開房間前要關燈。
The water in the kitchen is running. Turn it off.
廚房的水在流，關上它。
Turn on the TV. A ping-pong match is covered live now.
打開電視，乒乓球比賽正在現場直播。
考點 6：turn off 關掉( 水、電或煤氣)
【例句 】
The radio makes too much noise. Turn it down.
收音機制造太多噪聲，把它的聲音調低些。
I can’t hear anything. Turn the video up.
我什么也聽不見，把錄像聲音調高。
考點 7：absent from 缺席；不在
【用法 】absent from 缺席；不在
absent adj. 缺席；不在
absent 的名詞形式是 absence, 常構成短語 in one’s absence 背地里。
【例句】
The boy is often absent from classes. 那個男孩經常曠課。
You mustn’t be absent from the meetings without cause. 你不得無故缺席會議。
Don’t speak ill of a person in his absence. 不要在背后說別人壞話。
Exercises
Section A
用 can, have to/ must, can’t 或 mustn’t 填空。
1. I like doing morning exercises. It ________ help me keep healthy.
2. You ________ play soccer on the road! It’s too dangerous.
3.—________ I clean the room now
—No, you needn’t. You can do it this evening.
4. It’s raining outside. I ________ take an umbrella to school.
5. Helen ________ go shopping with me because her mother needs her to
help with housework.
can
mustn't
Must
have to
can't
從方框中選詞并用其適當形式填空。
feed, belt, quiet, leave, absent
1. No one knows why he is ______ from the meeting.
2. When we are in a car, we must wear our seat ________.
3. My father has a big farm, and he ________ lots of animals every day.
4. When we are in the library, we should walk _________.
5. Jim usually ________ his home at 7:30 and gets to school at 7:50.
absent
belts
feeds
quietly
leaves
根據漢語意思完成句子，每空一詞。
1.插隊是不禮貌的。
It’s not polite _________ ________ _________ ________.
2.我現在很忙。你不需要等我。
I’m busy now. You don’t need to ________ _______ me.
3.他有時因為生病而缺課。
Sometimes he _________ ________ _________ class because he is ill.
4.該上課了，不要在教室里制造噪音了。
It’s time for class. Don’t _________ ________ in the classroom.
to jump the queue
wait for
is absent from
make noise
按要求完成句子，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。
1. My sister can play the piano well. (改為一般疑問句，并作肯定回答)
—_________ ________ ________ _________ the piano well
—________, _________ ________.
2. You must finish your homework now.(改為一般疑問句，并作否定回答)
—________ _________ ________ my homework now
—No, _________ ________ _________ ________.
3. Open the door.(改為否定句)
________ _________ the door.
Can your sister play
Yes she can
Must I finish
you don't have to
Don't open
按要求完成句子，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。
4. You can’t litter in the library.(改為祈使句)
________ _________ in the library.
5. You should respect and be polite to old people.(改為祈使句)
________ _______ _________ ________ ________ old people.
Don't litter
Respect and be polite to
根據所給圖片及提示詞，寫出恰當的句子。
1. (not, here)
____________________________________
2. (no, eat, hall)
____________________________________
Don't/Do not take photos here.
No eating in the hall.
3. ( not, in, class)
____________________________________
4. (you, must, lake)
____________________________________
根據所給圖片及提示詞，寫出恰當的句子。
Don't/Do not listen to music in class.
You mustn't swim in the lake.
選擇恰當的情態動詞或助動詞填空。
Kate will go to her new school. She doesn’t want to be late on the first school day so she 1. ________ (can / has to) leave home early.
When Kate gets to school, she meets her teacher Miss Smith.
“Welcome, Kate!” Miss Smith says. “I’ll show you around your new school.”
has to
選擇恰當的情態動詞或助動詞填空。
First, they walk to the hallway. “2. __________(Can’t/ Don’t) run in the hallways,” Miss Smith says to some boys. Then they come to the classroom.
“This is your locker, Kate. You 3. ____________(must / don’t have to) remember the password (密碼).
And you 4. ________ (can / have to) leave your bag and jacket here,” Miss Smith tells Kate.
Don't
must
can
選擇恰當的情態動詞或助動詞填空。
“I see, Miss Smith,” Kate says.
Then they come to the playground. “Kate, you 5. ________ (can / can’t) do sports with your classmates here, but you 6. ________ (can’t / don’t have to) take any food here,” Miss Smith says.
“I will remember that,” Kate says.
“Miss Smith!” a girl named Grace calls. “Jim threw(扔)a ball at me!”
can
can't
選擇恰當的情態動詞或助動詞填空。
“Jim, 7. ________ (don’t / doesn’t) do that. Now you 8. __________ (must / don’t have to) say sorry to Grace,” Miss Smith says. “And you 9. __________ (have to / don’t have to) be sure not to do that again.”
“Sorry, Grace,” Jim says.
It’s time for class. Kate and all her classmates 10. ________ (can / must) go back to class.
don't
must
have to
must
How well can you do these things Very well OK Needs
work
1. I can use imperatives to describe rules.
2. I can explain rules using can,must, have to.
3. I can identify the signs and explain what they mean.
Self-assessment
Self-assessment
語言能力 我能講出不同場合下的規則。
祈使句 肯定：動原+其他 否定：Don’t +動原+其他 No+ Ving No+名復
情態動詞 can, have to / must, or can’t mustn’t
Self-assessment
核心素養 我能
學習能力 觀察歸納總結語法的 form 和 meaning。
思維品質 使用肯定句和否定句進行警告命令或正面引導。
個人成長 強化日常規則。
Homework
制作交通規則標識并介紹。
提升作業
復習整理本節課所學習的語法知識
基礎作業
設計一個認識日常標識的海報并介紹。
拓展作業
See You!

展開更多......

收起↑