資源簡介

UNIT5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD知識點
Listening and Speaking
Invite your friend to an event (p60)
Country and Language France 法國 French 法語 Russia 俄羅斯 Russian 俄語 Germany 德國 German 德語 Spain 西班牙 Spanish 西班牙語
India 印度 Hindi 印地語 Korea 韓國 Korean 韓語 Japan 日本 Japanese 日語 Arabic 阿拉伯語
Listening (p60)
foreign language 外語 wise [adj] 明智的 UN (United Nation) 聯合國 native language 母語 second language 第二語言 Danish [n] 丹麥語；丹麥人 [adj] 丹麥的 Denmark [n] 丹麥 To some students, it seems that the only foreign language to learn is English.There are, however, near 7,000 languages in the world. After Chinese, the language with the most native language speakers isn’t English----it's Spanish! Learning English is very useful, but it is wise to learn at least one other foreign language, if possible. There are many reasons why people learn a foreign language. Many students choose to study one of the languages that are spoken at the UN. As they think it means better job chances in the future. The UN has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. They are spoken by around 2.8 billion people as their native or second languages. Some students, though, choose to study a language because of family or friends. One American girl chose to learn Danish because her grandparents were from Denmark. When she was little, her grandpa used to read letters to her in Danish from their relatives in Denmark. Another young lady started learning French because she had several friends from African countries where French is spoken. What do you think Which other language would you choose to study and why
Discuss other languages you want to learn (p61)
Language Russian 俄語 Japanese 日語 French 法語
Words
Sentence Pattern Discuss other languages you want to learn ①(Language) I really want to study French. ②(Reason) I think that the French languages sounds beautiful. ③(Aspiration) I’d love to go to France some day. ④(Practicability) Also French is used by many international organisations around the world. ⑤(Example) For example, FIFA is the acronym for the Fédération internationale de Football Association. It is a French - language name.
Example ①I’ve always been eager to learn German. ②First, I’m fascinated by German literature and philosophy, from Goethe / ɡ t / (歌德) to Kant (康德). ③Also, I’d love to study or work in Germany some day. ④Germany is a powerhouse (強大的集團或組織) in the automotive (汽車) and engineering (工程) industries (產業). ⑤Like Volkswagen / v ksw ɡ n/ Group (大眾汽車) founded in 1937, BMW Group established in 1916, and Mercedes /m s diz/ - Benz Group founded in 1926 are from Germany.
Reading and Thinking
The Chinese Writing System: Connecting the Past and the Present (p62)
Words (背記)
despite [adv] 盡管，即使
factor [n] 因素，要素
based [adj]（以某事）為基礎的
bone [n] 骨頭
symbol [n] 符號；象征
carve [v] 雕，刻
dynasty [n] 王朝；朝，代
variety [n] 種類；多樣性
major [adj] 主要的；重大的
mean [n] 方式；方法；途徑
classic [adj] 傳統的；古樸的
regard [n] 尊重；敬佩
character [n] 文字；字體
calligraphy [n] 書法
global affairs 全球盛事 (指影響全球的政治、經濟、文化等方面的事件或問題。)
appreciate [v] 欣賞；鑒賞；理解；感謝，感激；升值，增值
Words (認讀)
well-developed 成熟發達的
develop [v] 發展；(使) 成長
form [n] 形式；類別，種類
divide [v]（使）分開，分散
geographically [adv] 在地理上
dialect [n] 方言；土話
unite [v] 統一;（使）聯合
unified [adj] 統一的；聯合的
state [n] 國家；州，邦
direction [n] 方向；方位
communicate [v] 交流；通訊；傳達
Phrases (認讀)
through into 直到
modern times 近代
ups and downs 起起落落
date back 追述于
lead to 導致
no matter 不論；不管
Outline
Chinese writing system connects the past and the present (para 1)
Significance of Chinese writing system Chinese writing system is the main factor of the reason why China’s ancient civilization has been possibly endured all the way through into modern times, despite the many ups and downs in history.
Connect people regardless of location and dialect (para 2-4)
Ancient Time (thousand years ago) Origin of picture-based Chinese writing Written Chinese started as a picture-based language, dating back thousands of years to the use of longu.
Shang Dynasty (around 1600 - 1046 BCE) Evolution the symbols had formed a well-developed writing system Diversification later the system developed into different forms, resulting in various dialects and characters
Qin Dynasty (221 - 207 BCE) Unifying Chinese writing system Emperor Qin Shihuang united the seven major states into one unified country Promote cultural interaction Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction, which played a crucial role in uniting the Chinese people and culture, and enabling communication among people regardless of location or dialect
Connect the language and art (para 5)
Past to present Inheritance of Chinese characters people in modern times can read ancient classic works Chinese Calligraphy as an art form Chinese characters developed as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture
Connect China and the rest of the world (para 6)
Today Cultural influence of Chinese writing system Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture China gaining world attention as China plays a greater role in global affairs, more international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language
Discovering Useful Structures
Restrictive relative clauses 限制性定語從句 (p64)
概念用法 定語從句是在主從復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句。從句是句子的一部分，定語從句告訴我們句中名詞或代詞具體指的是哪個人或者什么事。
在定語從句中，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，放在先行詞之后。關系詞分為關系代詞，以及關系副詞。 例如：An architect (先行詞) is someone who (關系詞) designs buildings.
分類 根據定語從句與先行詞之間關系的緊密程度，定語從句分為限制性定語從句，和非限制性定語從句。
限制性定語從句 是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，用于修飾和限定先行詞。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。例如：Grace works for a company that makes furniture.（that make furniture 限定了是“制作家具的公司”）
非限制性定語從句 對先行詞起補充說明作用，與先行詞關系不十分密切。即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。它與主句之間通常用逗號隔開。例如：Joe got the job, which surprised everybody.（“which surprised everybody” 是對 “Joe got the job” 這件事情的補充說明）
關系詞分類及其句法功能 關系詞的分類及其句法功能如下表所示。
關系詞例詞所修飾先行詞句中成分省略關系代詞who人主語、賓語作賓語時可省略whom賓語可省略which物主語、賓語作賓語時可省略that人/物主語、賓語、表語whose定語不可省略關系副詞when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞地點狀語why原因名詞原因狀語
例如：Don’t forget to bring the book that / which I need. (that / which作賓語可省略) I like the places where / in which there are flowers. (where / in which作地點狀語不可省略) She invited some friends that / who are from Japan. (that / who 作主語不可省略) I still remember the time when we first met. (when 作時間狀語不可省略)
3.1關系代詞 關系代詞的句法作用： 詞 從句用于限定性 和非限定性定語從句只用于限定性從句句中成分格指人指物指人/物主格whowhichthat / *as主語、賓語、表語賓格whom所有格whose定語
關系代詞用法
who, whom 二者用于指人。who在定語從句中可作主語、賓語，whom在定語從句中作賓語。在現代英語里，who也可取代whom在從句中作動詞的賓語
He is a man who isn’t interested in clothes. (who作主語) There are some people (who/ whom) you want to meet. (who/whom作動詞賓語)
that 指人/物，指人時可與who, whom互換；指物時可與which 互換。在句中可作主語或賓語。that不能做介詞的賓語
The letter that / which came this morning is from my aunt. (that/ which作主語) Have you got everything (that) they needed (that作賓語) He is the person (that / who/ whom) I knew ten years ago. (that/ who/ whom做賓語)
which 一般指物，在定語從句中作賓語時可省略，但在 “介詞+which”機構中不可省略
Read the passage in which we are interested. (which作介詞in賓語)
whose 一般指人，有時也指物，在定語從句中作定語
Do you know the girl whose uncle is our headmaster Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
as 的先行詞有so, such, the same 修飾限制性定語從句
Such people as often help others should be praised. (as 作主語) I want to buy the same pen as you bought last week. (as 作賓語) *as 也可用于修飾整個主句的非限制性定語從句，在句中做主語、賓語。它引導的從句可以位于主句之前或者之后，還可以位于主句中間。例如： He is a hero, as is reported in the newspaper. 正如報紙報道那樣，他是一位英雄。(as 作主語，位于主句后) She is a famous film star, as we know. 眾所周知，她是一個著名影星。(as作賓語，位于主句后)
3.2關系副詞 關系副詞主要有when, where, why等，在定語從句中作狀語，關系副詞在定語從句中一般不可省略。
when 指時間，先行詞通常為time, day, night, week, year 等表示時間的名詞
I’ll never forget the day when I first visit New York.
where 指地點，先行詞通常為place, street, city, town, country 等表示地點的名詞
The hospital where she works was built five years ago.
why 指原因或理由，先行詞只有reason。
He didn’t explain the reason why he was late for school.
“介詞 + which / whom (關系代詞)” 代替 when, where, why 關系副詞
The year in which / when the earthquake happened was 2008. I forget the place in which / where I have put the MP4. There’s no reason for which / why we will give up the plan. 關系代詞which作介詞賓語時，介詞可放置定語從句句首，構成“介詞+which”結構: She bought a flat, on which she spent all her money. The map without which we cannot travel is lost. 關系代詞前介詞的使用取決于句子意義的需要，或句中動詞、形容詞、副詞與介詞的搭配： She made a craft plane, on which she spent over five days.
3.3 關系詞用法區分 (1) that和which指物引導定語從句在通常情況下，可互換使用。但下列情況不可換用：
先行詞是不定代詞all, little, few, much, anything, everything, none, some，只用that Do you have anything (that) you want to tell her He did everything that he could to help us. 先行詞被all, every, no some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just 等修飾時，只用that This is the last course that I want to take. All the things that we do is to provide them with water and food. 先行詞本身就是，或有序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時，用that The first book that I bought is about culinary arts. This is the best news that I’ve ever heard. 當先行詞既有人又有物時，只用that Do you know the things and people that they are talking about 引導非限制性定語從句，只用which She lost the game, which made her very sad. 介詞提前時，只用which Is that the kite on which you draw a beautiful dragon
that和who兩者都可引導定語從句，指人時一般情況下可通用，但下列情況只能用who：
先行詞是one, ones, anyone, those且指人時，只用who One who is very brave dares to tell the truth. Those who want to visit the museum write down the names here. 先行詞指人并含有較長的后置定語或在被分割的定于從句中時，只用who She is the teacher who will give us a talk on programming at the end of the day. The child was crying hard who lost his way.
when和where引導的定語從句修飾表示時間或地點的先行詞，其引導的狀語從句則無先行詞
I’ll not forget her surprise when we told her the news. (時間狀語從句) I’ll never forget the years when I lived in the countryside. (定語從句) He found the book where he lost it. (地點狀語從句) He found the book at the place where he lost it. (定語從句)
what 不能引導定語從句
what本身等同于“先行詞 + 關系代詞(which/that)”，因而不能用what引導定語從句： She isn’t what she used to be. = She isn’t the one (that) she used to be. Time is what we need most. = Time is all (that) we need most.
Describe your favourite things (p64)
Favourite Day It’s a day when ... Favourite place It’s ..., because it is a place where ...
Favourite teacher I like teachers who ... Admiring thing I admire ... That’s the reason why ...
Listening and Talking
Explore different kinds of English (p65)
might [v]（may的過去時，用于間接引語）可能，可以 confusion [n] 困惑；混淆 be familiar with 熟悉：了解某事或某人 Listening Part I As many countries speak English as a first language, there are many different kinds of English around the world: British English, American English, Australian English, and many others. Some English learners might ask, "Can English speakers from different countries all understand each other "The answer is yes. People in these countries can usually understand each other with very few problems. There are differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar, but those are usually not big problems. However those differences can cause confusion for non-native English speakers. For example, a student who has learnt British English might not be familiar with the different vocabulary that an American might use. Listen to this conversation between a foreign language student and her American classmate.
semester [n] <美> 學期，半學年 term [n] <英> 學期；詞語；術語 convenient [adj] 方便的，便利的 subway [n] <美> 地鐵； <英>地下通道 underground [n] <英> 地鐵 Listening Part II Amy: Thank you very much for helping me with my English. Betty: You're welcome! When are you free to meet This semester, I’m free on Tuesday and Thursday after lunch. Amy: I’m sorry What does “semester” mean Betty: You know, semester---- half of a school year. Amy: Oh,you mean like a term Betty: Yes, like a term. The British say "term". We usually say "semester" here in America. Amy: Got it! My first English lesson with you, haha OK, let's meet on Tuesday. Where shall we meet Betty: Let's meet at a coffee shop near my home. It's very convenient to get there by subway. Amy: Subway Do you mean the Underground Betty: Yes, the train that goes under the ground! Amy: Ah, got it! Haha, my second English lesson---- thank you!
British & American English
British petrol sweet toilet honour mum flat
American gas candy restroom honor mom apartment
Meaning 汽油 糖果 廁所 榮譽 媽媽 公寓
Misunderstanding
pants pants <美> 褲子；<英> 內褲，短褲 trousers <英> 褲子
Asking for clarification (p65)
Do you mean ... /Does that mean ... I’m sorry. Would you mind repeating ... So am I right in saying ... I’m sorry. What does ... mean I beg (懇請) your pardon. So what you’re really saying is ...
Reading for Writing
Write a blog about English study (p66)
Words & Phrases
depend [v] 取決于 request [n] 要求；請求 relationship [n] （人、團體、國家等相互間的）關系 equal [n]（地位、實力等）相同或相等的人 demand [n] 需求 vocabulary [n] 詞匯 bridge the gap 消除隔閡
Summary
Name Problem Advice
Liu Wen When I listen to native English speakers talking in a video, I can 1catch only a few words and 2never quite get the main idea. Any advice Jia Xin’s advice
Repeat what you hear to help to experience the feeling of the language Record your voice so you can listen to yourself and compare your pronunciation with the radio host’s
Jia Xin My biggest headache is how to be polite in English I have to think about who I’m talking to and then decide whether to just day “Open the window!” or “Could you open the window, please ”, or even longer “Would you mind opening the window, please ” Li Rui’s advice
Use shorter requests when talking to a close friend, like “Open the window!” Ask a question when talking to someone unfamiliar, you could say “Could you open the window, please ” Use more euphemistic / ju f m st k/ (委婉的) expression when talking to someone senior, then saying “Would you mind opening the window, please ” is appropriate.
Li Rui Vocabulary is my biggest problem. It’s hard to 1remember all the new vocabulary and 2use them all properly. Your advice
It’s very important to review the words you’ve learned previously before learning new words. Expand your reading volume and you might try to learn the usage of words within the texts.
State problems and giving advice (p67)
State problems I don’t know how to ... ... is a big difficulty for me. I cannot ... I have no idea how/what ... My biggest problem is ... I (also) have trouble with ...
Giving advice You might try ... It’s very important to ... My advice is ... This worked for me.

展開更多......

收起↑