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人教版九年級英語Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
語法知識點：過去完成時
一、過去完成時的概念與結構特點
概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那時以前　 那時　 現在　　　　　　
構成：主語+had+過去分詞（p.p），其中 had 通用于各種人稱。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
　　She had finished the homework by 10 ：00 this morning.
　　①肯定句：主語+had+過去分詞.
　　②否定句：主語+had+not+過去分詞.
　　③一般疑問句：Had+主語+過去分詞
　　 肯定回答：Yes,主語+had
　 　 否定回答：No,主語+hadn't
　　④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（Had+主語+過去分詞）？
⑤被動語態：主語+had（hadn't)+been+過去分詞
二、過去完成時的判斷依據
（1）特定的時間狀語
① by +過去的時間點 表示“到...為止”
He had finished reading the book by 10 o’clock yesterday.
到昨天10點前， 他一進讀完了這本書。
② by the end of +過去的時間點 表示“到...結束前”
We had learned a lot of English songs by the end of last term.
到上學期期末為止我們已經學了很多英文歌曲。
③由by the time, before, when 等引導時間狀語從句時， 主從句的動作發生有先后，動作在前的用過去完成時。
By the time I went outside, they had already left.
The train had already left when I got to the station.
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(2) 具體的語境（看動作是否發生在過去的過去）
① 主句為一般過去時， 且賓語從句的動作先于主句的動作發生時， 從句要用過去完成時。
She said that she had seen the film before.
她說她以前已經看過這部電影了。
② 上下文語境。
I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since he went to Beijing.
過去完成時的具體用法
過去完成時動詞表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態。強調過去某一動作發生在另一動作之前時。
他說他以前見過你。
He said that he had seen (see) you before.
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒來時，雨已經停了。（主句的動作發生在“過去的過去”）
過去完成時詞可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或呈現的狀態，這一動作一直持續或將繼續下去。
到了六點鐘為止，他們已經工作了八小時了。
By six o’clock they had worked (work)for eight hours.
我到廣州時，他在那里很長時間了。
When I came to GZ , he had been (be) there for a long time.
3.過去完成時和 already, just, ever, yet等連用表示過去的過去。
他告訴我說他們隊已經贏了。
He told me that his team _________ already ___________ (win).
她說她仍沒去過長城。
She said that she _______________(not go to) the Great Wall yet.
注意：一般過去時、現在完成時與過去完成時
1.一般過去時表示在過去某時發生的動作或 存在的狀態。
例：We started to learn English 5 years ago. 我們五年前開始學英語。
5 years ago now
2. 現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去，但側重對現 在產生的結果或造成的影響，與現在有關。其結構為：“助動詞 have（has）+過去分詞” 。
例：We have learned English for 5 years. 我們已經學了五年的英語了。
5 years ago have learned now
3. 過去完成時表示在過去某個時間或動作之前 已經發生或完成了的動作或存在的狀態，即
“過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）”。
例：We had learned English for 4 years by last year.
到去年為止，我們已經學英語四年了。
past in the past past now
綜合練習
一、單項選擇題
1．___________last weekend, I had finished most of the work.
A．By the end of B．At the end of C．In the end D．To the end
2．By the time I locked the door, I realized I ___________my key at home.
A．has left B．had left C．would left D．leave
3． By the time I got to the cinema, the film ____ for twenty minutes.
A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on
4． Nancy ____ lots of charity work in her free time before she worked for The Red Cross.
A．does B．has done C．would do D．had done
5． Luckily, the rain ____ by the time we reached the foot of the hill.
A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped
6． —Did you see the basketball star yesterday when he came to visit our school yesterday
—No, by the time I got to school, he____.
A．has left B．had left C．leaves
7． The research into Mars is very important to humans. So far, about ten rovers (探測器) ____ on Mars successfully.
A．landed B．are landing C．have landed
8． It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ____ for ten minutes.
A．had been away B．will be away C．has been away
9． By the time Jack was fourteen years old, he ____ a story book on his own.
A．would publish B．has published C．published D．had published
10． They had planted 10,000 trees ____ of last month.
A．in the end B．to the end C．at the end D．by the end
11． When I got home, I realized I ____ my keys in the classroom.
A．left B．leave C．have left D．had left
12．—Lucy，did you catch the train to Wuhan yesterday
—No，it ____ for 10 minutes by the time I got to the station.
A．has left B．had left
C．has been away D．had been away
13． By the time I got to the airport, the plane ____.
A．took off B．has taken off C．had taken off
14． Mum was surprised to find her little son ____ all her suitcases already.
A．was packing B．has packed C．had packed D．would pack
15． By the end of last year, more than 50 students of that school ____ Fudan University.
A．had entered B．will enter C．are entering D．have entered
16． By the time my parents reached home yesterday，I ____ the dinner already.
A．had cooked B．cooked C．have cooked D．was cooked
17． By the time the rescue（營救）men came to help, Jack ____to get out of the burning house.
A．managed B．has managed C．had managed
18． It's bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ____ for ten minutes.
A．has been away B．will be away C．had been away
19． Before I met Julie's uncle at the restaurant yesterday afternoon, I ____him.
A．have never seen B．had never seen
C．will never see D．never see
20．It was at least 10 years since I ______ a good drink.
A．had enjoyed B．had been enjoying
C．have enjoyed D．have been enjoying
21．—Did you meet Tom at the airport
—No, he____ by the time I________ there.
A．had left; got B．had left; arrived
C．left; arrived D．left, had got
22．Cheng long __________ many difficulties before he became a famous actor.
A．experienced B．had experienced
C．experiences D．was experiencing
23．By the time we got to the station, the train for ten minutes.
A．has left B．has been away C．had left D．had been away
24．By the time I got to the bus, I realized I ________ my school ID card at school.
A．left B．have left C．had left
25．Linda said she _________ the school band since 2003.
A．has joined B．had joined in
C．has been a member of D．had been in
二．用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1. When I got there, the bus _________ (go).
2. By the time I got to class, the teacher ___________ (start) the class.
3. We _____________ (learn) over 1,000 words by the end of last term.
4. I ___________ (clean) the room before he arrived here.
三．根據漢語提示完成句子。
1.當我到達學校的時候，我才意識到我把書包忘在家里了。
_______ I got to school, I realized that I ______ ______ my backpack at home.
2.到我返回學校的時候，鈴聲已經響過了。
_____ _____ _____ I got back to school, the bell ______ _______.
3.我到達公共汽車站之前， 汽車已經離開了。
Before I _____ _____ the bus stop, the bus ______ _______ _______.
參考答案
一．單選題
1-5ABCDD 6-10BCADD 11-15DDCCA 16-20ACCBA 21-25ABDCD
二．用所給詞的適當形式填空。
had gone 2.had started 3.had learned 4.had cleaned
三．根據漢語提示完成句子。
1.When；had left 2.By the time; had rung 3.got to; had been away 4.

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