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Unit 8 What are the shirts made of
一、詞形變化：
1.environment（n）--__________ (adj.自然環境的) 2.leaf（n.）--_______(pl.) 3.produce(v.)--________(n.產品)
4.wide(adj.)--_______ (adv.廣泛地，普遍地) 5.German(n.德國人)--_________(n.德國)6.compete(v.)--________
(n.競爭者)--____________(n. 競爭)7.history(n.)--________(adj.歷史的) 8.hot(adj.)--_________(n.高溫v.加熱)
二．重點短語:
1.be made of... __________2.be made in... __________3. environmental protection ____________4. be famous for…=_____________5. 據我所知_______________ 6. on the sides of mountains__________7.手工_________
8. all over the world________ 9. according to_________10.be covered with…___________11. in trouble ______
12. paper cutting________13. a fairy tale___________14. at a very high heat___________
三. 重要知識點
1. 被動語態 (Passive Voice)
(1)被動語態表示句子的主語是謂語動詞所表示的動作________者。
(2)被動語態基本結構：be+及物動詞的過去分詞(此處be 是_______詞，有__________________的變化)
一般現在時的被動語態結構為：____________________________
(3)被動語態中動作的發出者或執行者做介詞by的賓語，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思
如何理解被動語態？
為更清晰、更深刻地理解被動語態的含義，可以將主動語態和被動語態的句子結構進行比較:
主動語態： 主語+ 謂語動詞 + 賓語 + 其他成分
被動語態： 主語+ be +過去分詞 + by +賓語 +其他成分
如： Many people speak English.
被動語態 English is spoken by many people.
即時練習：
把下列的主動句變為被動句。
People play football all over the world.
The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
被動語態的幾種句型
1.肯定句 主語 + be + 過去分詞 + (by…)
Eg：A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.
2.否定句 主語 + be + not +過去分詞 + (by…)
Eg：A sweet song isn’t sung by her on the stage.
3.一般疑問句 Be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by…)
Eg：Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage
4.特殊疑問句 疑問詞 + be + 主語 +過去分詞 + (by…)
Eg：Where is a sweet song sung by her
按要求改寫下列句子。
1.Do you water your flowers every day (變為被動句)
2. This English song is sung by the girls after class.
① 改為否定句
②改為一般疑問句，并做肯定和否定回答
③對劃線提問
(4)含有雙賓語的句子變被動語態：
雙賓語：即直接賓語(常指事物)和間接賓語(常指人)的句子，每個賓語都可變為被動語態的主語，即其被動語態有兩種形式，但多以間接賓語作主語。
Eg： Jack told us the truth.（變為被動語態）
We were told the truth by Jack.
　 The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
練習：He passes me the football. (改成被動語態)
I _____ ______ the football by him.
The football ______ ______ ______ me by him.
(5)動詞的主動形式表示被動之意
1)系動詞無被動語態：以主動形式表示被動之意。常見的系動詞有： be動詞, look, seem, appear, feel, sound,
smell, taste等
Eg： It smells terrible. That sounds good.
2) 不及物動詞sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主動形式表示被動意義。
Eg： This book sells well. 這本書暢銷。
The kind of cloth washes well. 這種布很容易洗。
3)下列動詞(詞組)沒有被動式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, come out, cost, take
Eg：An accident happened yesterday.
練一練：
用所給動詞的正確形式填空。
①Sunglasses __________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes.
②A picture _________ (put) up on the blackboard.
③French ___________ (speak) in France.
④Which language _______ the most widely _______ (speak) in the world
⑤The students _____ often _____ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
⑥Vegetables, eggs and fruits _________ (sell) in this shop.
選擇：
① Cotton (棉花) ______ in the southeast of China.
　　A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow
②【湖北黃石】This pair of shoes _______ hand, and it ______ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is felt C. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels
③(湖北）—Your bedroom is so clean.
—Of course. It ______ every day.
A. cleans B. cleaned C. is cleaned D. was cleaned
④【江蘇常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
⑤【河南】 — Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
— Sorry. The book you ask for______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold
⑥【湖北宜昌】 — At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
— More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering
⑦【湖北襄陽】— Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right
— Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed C. won't allow D. doesn't allow
⑧【廣西南寧】 Han Han’s books are popular. They _______ by many teenagers.
A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read
⑨【廣東梅州】The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken C. take D. takes
⑩【浙江寧波】 — Have you finished your project
— Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes.
A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given
2. 襯衫由什么制成？What are the shirts of
總結： ：由....制成，一般能看出原材料，或發生的________變化
：由....制成，一般不能看出原材料，或發生的_______變化
_____ ：指的是產地，，意思為"于…制造"。
_____ :"被制成為…"
_______ ：由...... 構成/組成，一般是多種構成。
練一練：
①I like the dumplings made ________ my mother best. ②Do you know wine is made______ grapes
③The desk is made __________ wood . ④Paper is made__________ wood .
⑤The team is made________ 30 students and a teacher .⑥This kind of watch is made _________ Shanghai.
⑦My sweater is made _________ wool(羊毛). ⑧This wood will be made _______desks and chairs.
3.Anxi and Hangzhou are widely known for their tea. 安溪和杭州以茶葉而廣為人知。
【解析1】widely adv. 廣泛的，普遍的 wide adj.寬闊的
Eg：Her books are _________ __________. 她的書被廣泛閱讀。
【解析2】be known for…“以…聞名，為人知曉”，相當于“be famous for…”
be known as…“作為…出名”，相當于“be famous as…”
Eg: Tai’an is ____________Mount Tai.
Yang Liwei is _____________ an astronaut.
4.No matter what you may buy, you might think….
【解析】no matter“不論，無論”，常與what、who、how、when、where等疑問詞連用，引導_______狀語從句。 拓展：“no matter+疑問詞”可用“疑問詞+ever”替換。
Eg：______ ______ _______you go, never forget you are a Chinese.無論走到哪里，都不要忘了你是個中國人。
=________________ you go, never forget you are a Chinese.
5.Laura is trying to find out more about… .勞拉正在試圖找出更多關于…
【解析】 辨析find/look for/find out
這三個詞都有“找”的涵義，但具體用法有別：
A. look for：“尋找”，強調動作。
B. find：“找到”“發現”，強調“找”的結果，賓語往往是某個丟失的東西或人。
C. find out：“弄清楚”“”，著重表示通過一個曲折過程查明某個情況、事實。
練一練：
(1)Please ___________when the train leaves．請查一下火車什么時候離站。
(2)—Did you ________ Li Ming yesterday？ —No，we____________ him everywhere，but didn't __________ him.
6. The international kite festival is held in …every year. 國際風箏節每年在…舉行。
【解析】hold　( held, held) ①容納;②舉辦;③抓住
【短語】hold a sports meeting 舉行一場運動會 hold on 別掛電話,稍等 hold on to （doing）sth. 堅持（做）…
練一練：
① You have a good dream. Don’t give it up!
A. Stop it B. Hold on to it C. Hold it back D. Don’t take it out
②The sports meeting ___________(hold) in our school twice a year.
③【安徽】 — May I speak to Mr. Smith _____ ,please. I’ll see if he is in.
A. Look out B. Hold on C. Keep up D. Come on
④This hall can ____________400 people. 這個大廳能容納400人。
7. He sent them out to ask for help when in trouble. 當遇到麻煩時，他放天燈來尋求幫助
【解析】send→ sent → sent send out 發送；派遣；放出
【短語】send for… 派人去請；派人去拿 send sb. sth = send sth to sb. 送給某人某物
練一練：
①【四川】 ---- Drunken drive is dangerous, isn’t it
---- Yeah. That is why drunken driver___ to prison even without causing accidents.
A. sent B. are sent C is sent D. are sending
②We must _______ a doctor, he is badly ill. A. send to B. send for C. send out
8. They are made of bamboo and covered with paper.它們是由竹子制成的，并被紙覆蓋住。
【解析】cover v. ①包括；涉及=include ②覆蓋 be covered with…被......蓋住
cover sth. with sth 用某物覆蓋某物
n. 封面；蓋子
練一練：
①In the winter, the mountain is __ white snow. A. cover; with B. covered; with C. cover; under D. covered; under
②This book must be Tom’s, because his name is on the c__________ of it.
9. When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air balloons for all to see.當燈籠被點亮的時候，它像一個小氣球一樣慢慢升向天空，讓所有的人都能看見。
【解析】light 小結：
(1) v. 點亮,點燃 → lit/lighted→lit/lighted
(2) adj. 輕的 （反義詞：heavy ）
(3) n. 燈 turn off the light light bulb 電燈泡
(4) adj.淺色的 （反義詞：dark） light green
(5)n. 光線(不可數n.)
Eg:① I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette.我看見他走進房間,坐了下來,點燃了一根香煙。
②I can't read while you are standing in my light.你擋住了我的光線，我沒法看書。
③He turned off the light before going out.他出門前把燈關掉。
④This is a heavy box, and that is a light one.這是一個重箱子,那是一個輕箱子。
⑤Her fine light hair fell over her cheeks.她的淺色的美麗頭發遮住了臉頰。
⑥【連云港】— I didn’ t expect to see you studying at the library so early in the morning.
— ____, huh
A. Every dog has its day B. Many hands make light work
C. The early bird catches the worm D. Too many cooks spoil the broth
10 .The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story.陶土作品通常是可愛的孩子，或是中國童話故事或歷史故事中生動的人物。
【解析】live，lively，living，alive區別
live adv./adj.讀作[laiv]，“現場的；活著的,活生生的”，只用于物，可以做前置定語；
lively adj. “生動的，活潑的”，可以做定語、表語或賓補；
living adj. 表示“活著的”，作表語或前置定語，可修飾人，也可修飾物；
alive adj.“活著的”，多用于人，與dead相對；可以做表語、后置定語或補足語。
①Mrs. Brown always makes his class _____ and keeps his students ___ in class.
A. alive ; interesting B. lively; interesting C. alive ; interested D. lively; interested
②Air is everywhere and it gives life to every ______thing.
③The boy looked ___, but his weak breath suggested that he was still____.
A. died; alive B. died; living C. dead; alive D. dead; lively
11.The pieces are carefully shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. 這些（泥制）作品通過手工用一種非常特殊陶土精心塑形，之后再自然晾干。
【解析】allow sb. to do sth允許某人做某事 sb. be allowed to do sth 某人被允許做某事
allow doing sth 允許做某事
練一練：
①We don’t allow ___________(smoke) in the reading room.
②Our teacher allows us ____________(go) out for a walk.
③The boy should be allowed__________(play) after supper.
四.書面表達：
本單元涉及的話題是“中國制造的東西”，話題作文通常會涉及民間藝術以及文化傳承。這是一個適合記敘、說明兩種體裁相結合的話題，同時也是學生喜歡寫、有話寫的題材。寫好這類文章，最重要的是準確捕捉寫作的“精髓”，有條理的把要描述的某一事物展現出來，此類話題的寫作要立足事實、表達真情實感。
寫作此類話題作文的常用表達有：
(1) China is famous for… (2) It’s great that China is so good at…
(3) …wish that in the future…will… (4) These usually try to show…
(5) They are seen as symbols of…
1.【典型例題】 假如你是韓梅，遠在美國的筆友Linda給你寫信了，信中，Linda向你了解中國有什么著名小吃。請根據表格提示給Linda回信。
民間小吃 糖葫蘆（tanghulu）
原料 山楂（haw）,有些地方的糖葫蘆用草莓（strawberry）、葡萄（grape），甚至小蘋果等制成
歷史淵源 據說，宋代（the song dynasty）一位皇帝妻子曾因吃了糖葫蘆治好了病，因此流傳下來
象征 幸福和團員
【優秀范文】
Dear Linda,
You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country. Well, in my country, one of the most famous snacks is tanghulu.
Each different part of China has different tanghulu. It is usually made of haws, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar. But there are more materials for tanghulu today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes, and even little apples.
It is said that tanghulu ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty. It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it. It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.
Are you looking forward to eating it Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to tanghulu.
Yours，
Han Mei
2.My city, Suzhou, is famous for its silk quilts. These quilts are made of pure silk. They are made by skillful workers in many silk factories in the city. The silk quilts are used to keep people warm and comfortable in bed. They are known to be very comfortable because they are light and soft to touch. In addition, they look beautiful as they are decorated with beautiful patterns. Many people from all over the world come to Suzhou to visit the silk factories and buy not only the silk quilts but many other silk products too.

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