資源簡介

晨讀2　Using Language
素材這樣理解積累
[原文呈現]
THE AMAZING ANIMALS OF AUSTRALIA
Our topic today is “Creatures Unique to① Australia”， with questions answered by wildlife expert, Dr Jim Smith．【1】
【1】此處為with復合結構，在句中作狀語。questions與answer之間為邏輯上的動賓關系，故此處用過去分詞形式。Dr Jim Smith是wildlife expert的同位語。
Australia has lots of unique animals, but which animal is a symbol② of the country
It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution③ throughout the country. It's a tough④ animal that has to survive in a difficult environment. Also, it cannot walk backwards, so it is always moving forwards. This expresses the strength and resolve⑤ of the Australians as individuals⑥ and as a nation. Baby kangaroos weigh only two grammes at birth⑦. They then find their way into their mother's pouch—a kind of pocket—to stay safe and warm. They sleep and drink milk in that temporary⑧， protected environment until they are about seven or eight months old．【2】 After this phase⑨， they go out to try their legs. After they learn to jump, they gradually spend less time with their mother and learn to be independent. Kangaroos may look cute, but encounters with⑩ them don't always end so well.【3】 Kangaroos can hit and kick very hard, so please folks, if you see some kangaroos, remember they're not for petting!
【2】此處為until引導的時間狀語從句。
【3】本句為but連接的并列句，but后的分句包含部分否定。
Koalas are cute, and we see so many pictures of people holding them. But in many places in Australia, it is against the law to even touch them. Can you clarify that
They are really quite cute, but the truth is, koalas are very sensitive creatures who can easily panic because of even small changes in their environment. They spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks ， so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress. Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety. So, if you see one in the wild, you shouldn't approach it to pick it up or even touch it. If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
So, we've talked about some cute animals. What about animals which aren't so cute
My favourite is a little creature called the Tasmanian devil. If you are out camping in Tasmania and come across one, the experience might scare you! Tasmanian devils hunt at night, so you won't usually see them, but you may hear their loud cries when they are fighting or eating. The noise they make could wake the dead. 【4】 Frightening! They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. They also have a terrible smell! Their diet is mostly dead animals. Fortunately, despite their name, they are generally not violent towards people.
【4】wake the dead是一種夸張的修辭手法。英語中還有很多使用夸張手法的表達。如：
She wept oceans of tears.她淚如泉涌。
The money was spent in the blink of an eye.一眨眼的工夫，錢就花完了。
I have given my last ounce of strength to my work.我對我的工作已竭盡全力了。
Look at the floor! Mountains of rubbish have been thrown there.看看地面！扔的垃圾都堆成山了。
Australia also has some animals that many people have never heard of, for example, the duck-billed platypus. Is that some kind of bird
Not at all. While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, 【5】 it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology . Its eggs hatch after about ten days, and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals. Its nose looks like a duck's bill ， and it has feet like a duck's so it can dive under the water, but it's covered in hair. Do you know what's really strange about a platypus The platypus doesn't use its senses of sight or smell to find food. It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that!
【5】此處為While引導的讓步狀語從句。
[詞匯積累]
①unique to(某地或某人)獨具的；特有的
②symbol ['s mbl] n．[C]象征
③distribution [ d str 'bju n]
n．[U，C]分布；分配
④tough [t ] adj.堅強的；健壯的；能吃苦耐勞的；堅韌不拔的
⑤resolve [r 'z lv] n.[熟詞生義][U]決心；堅定的信念
⑥individual [ nd 'v d u l]n．[C]個人
⑦at birth出生時
⑧temporary ['tempr ri]
adj.暫時的；短暫的
⑨phase [fe z] n．[C]階段；時期
during the first/next/last phase在第一階段/下一階段/最后階段
the initial/final phase of...……的初始階段/最后階段
⑩encounter with...與……的相遇
encounter [ n'kaunt (r)]n．[C](意外、突然或暴力的)相遇；邂逅；遭遇；沖突
against the law違法
clarify [kl r fa ] vt.使更清晰易懂；闡明；澄清
clarify a(n)...situation/problem/issue澄清……情況/問題
panic ['p n k] vi. & vt.(panicked, panicked, panicking)(使)驚慌
in panic驚慌地
trunk [tr k] n．[C]樹干
interaction with.../between...與……的互動/……之間的互動
interaction n．[C，U]互動；相互影響；相互作用
interact[ nt r' kt] vi.交流；溝通；合作；相互影響；相互作用
interact with...與……交流/溝通
make laws against (doing) sth.制定法律禁止(做)某事
in the interest(s) of sth.為了……的利益
The race was put off in the interests of safety.為了安全起見，比賽延期了。
pick up拿起；舉起；提起
licensed ['la snst] adj.得到正式許可的
license ['la sns] vt.批準；許可
n．[C](＝licence)許可證；執照
session ['se n] n．[C]一場；一段時間
in a(n) ...state處于……的狀態
handle ['h ndl] vt.(用手)觸；拿；搬動
limited ['l m t d] adj.有限的
frequency ['fri kw nsi]n．[C，U]頻率
frequent adj.頻繁的；經常發生的
come across(偶然)遇見；碰見；發現
the dead意為“死者”。“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，為復數意義，作主語時，謂語動詞要用復數形式。
mostly['m stli]adv.主要地；一般地；通常
violent['va l nt]adj.暴力的；猛烈的
violently adv.強烈地；激烈地
violence n．[U]暴力；暴行
nest[nest]n.[C]巢穴；鳥窩
primitive['pr m t v] adj.原始的；人類或動物發展早期的；遠古的
biology[ba ' l d i]n.生理；生物學
hatch [h t ] vi.孵出；破殼
nurse [n s] vi.[熟詞生義] 吃奶；吸奶
bill [b l] n．[熟詞生義]鳥嘴；喙
capacity [k 'p s ti]n.[C，usually sing.，U]能力
capacity for (doing)sth./capacity to do sth.做某事的能力
a handful of少數人(或物)
[課文譯文]
澳大利亞的神奇動物
我們今天(談論)的主題是“澳大利亞獨有的動物”，野生動物專家吉姆·史密斯博士回答了我們的問題。
澳大利亞有許多獨特的動物，但哪一種是該國的象征呢？
那一定是袋鼠，因為它們廣泛分布在澳大利亞各地。袋鼠是一種頑強的動物，它們不得不在艱難的環境中生存。此外，它無法倒著走，所以總是在向前移動。這表現了澳大利亞人作為個體和一個民族時的力量與決心。小袋鼠出生時只有兩克重，然后會自己爬到母親的育兒袋(形似口袋)中，里面安全又溫暖。大約七八個月大之前，它們一直待在那個暫時受保護的環境里睡覺和吃奶。過了這個階段，它們就會出去，試著用自己的雙腿(行動)。學會跳躍以后，它們跟媽媽共度的時間就逐漸變少了，(開始)學著獨立。袋鼠可能看起來很可愛，不過遇到它們的結局并不總是那么好。袋鼠踢打攻擊的力度非常大，所以，各位如果看到一些袋鼠，請記住千萬別去撫摸它們！
考拉很可愛，并且我們看到許多人懷抱考拉的照片。但是在澳大利亞的很多地方，連碰一下考拉都是違法的。你能說明一下這一點嗎？
它們的確十分可愛，但事實是，考拉是極其敏感的動物，哪怕環境發生細微的變化，也容易引起它們的恐慌。它們花大量的時間吃飯、睡覺、懷抱樹干，因此與人類的互動會給它們帶來很多壓力。出于這點考慮，政府開始立法禁止觸摸考拉，這是為了公共安全，也是為了保護考拉。因此，你如果在野外看到考拉，不應該靠近去抱它，甚至觸摸它。你如果想抱考拉的話，就必須去得到正式許可的動物園，那里的動物專家會確保每次挑選出來的考拉都處于良好狀態，可以跟人類接觸，同時確保考拉被人觸摸的時間和次數在一定限度內。
好，我們聊完了一些可愛的動物，那些不那么可愛的動物怎么樣呢？
我最喜歡一種叫袋獾的小動物。你如果在塔斯馬尼亞露營并遇到一只袋獾的話，可能會嚇一大跳！它們晚上捕食，所以你通常不會看到它們。但是它們打架或進食時，你可能會聽到它們響亮的叫聲。它們發出的聲音可以吵醒死人。太嚇人了！袋獾跟小狗體型相當，外表酷似巨大的黑老鼠。它們多以動物尸體為食，會散發出難聞的氣味！幸運的是，它們雖被人叫作“惡魔”，但一般不會攻擊人類。
澳大利亞還有一些很多人從未聽說過的動物，比如鴨嘴獸，那是一種鳥嗎？
完全不是。雖然它可以像鳥一樣在巢里產卵，但它確實是一種原始哺乳動物，具有獨特的生物學特性。它的卵大約十天孵化完成，然后小鴨嘴獸會跟所有其他的哺乳動物一樣吃媽媽的奶。它的鼻子看起來像鴨嘴，腳像鴨掌，因此可以潛入水下(活動)，但它渾身都是毛。你知道鴨嘴獸非常奇怪的地方是什么嗎？它不靠視覺或嗅覺來覓食，而是靠喙上的電傳感器，世界上能那樣做的動物屈指可數。
教材這樣提煉活用
一、分類背詞匯——認寫用各司其責
Ⅰ.背閱讀詞匯——會認就行
1．getaway n. 適合度假的地方
2．domain n. 領域；領土；范圍
3．liberty n. 自由
4．strait n. 海峽
5．sample n. 樣本；樣品
6．monument n. 紀念碑(或館、堂、像等)；歷史遺跡
7．pouch n. 育兒袋；小袋子；荷包
8．trunk n. 樹干
9．session n. 一場；一段時間；會議
10．nest n. 巢穴；鳥窩；秘密窩點
11．mammal n. 哺乳動物
12．hatch vi. 孵出；破殼
vt. 使孵出；策劃；(尤指)密謀
Ⅱ.背拓展詞匯——寫對才行
1．distribution n．分布；分配；分發→distribute v．分配；分發→distributor n．經銷商；批發商
2．temporary adj.暫時的；短暫的→temporarily adv.暫時地
3．licensed adj.得到正式許可的→license vt.批準；許可　n．許可證；執照
4．frequency n．發生率；重復率；(聲波或電磁波振動的)頻率→frequent adj.頻繁的；經常的
5．violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violence n．暴力；暴行→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
6．capacity n．能力；容量→capable adj.有能力的
7．biology n．生理；生物學→biological adj.生物的，生物學的→biologically adv.生物學上，生物學地
8．prison n．監獄；監禁→prisoner n．囚徒；犯人
Ⅲ.背核心詞匯——會用才行
第一組　會寫
1．dive vi.& n. (dived/dove, dived)潛水；跳水；俯沖
2．sponsor vt. 倡議；贊助；主辦
n. (法案等的)倡議者；贊助者
3．fence n. 柵欄；圍欄
4．prison n. 監獄；監禁
5．grand adj. 大；宏大的
第二組　會用
1．entitle vt.給……命名(或題名)；使享有權利
①Full-time employees are entitled to receive health insurance.
全職雇員有權享受健康保險。
②Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment.
失業使你有權享受免費醫療。
2．freedom n．自由；不受……影響的狀態
①He enjoyed complete freedom to do as he wished.
他享有完全按照自己的意愿行事的自由。
②After 10 years in prison, he was given his freedom.
他坐了10年監獄以后又得到了自由。
3．liberty n．自由
They give their children a great deal of liberty.
他們給孩子們很大自由。
4．temporary adj.暫時的；短暫的
I'm living with my parents, but it's only temporary.
我和父母住在一起，但這只是暫時的。
5．license vt.批準；許可　n．許可證；執照
①Several companies have been licensed to sell these products.
有幾家公司已獲準銷售這些產品。
②He was arrested for driving without a license.
他因無照駕駛而被捕。
6．capacity n．能力；容量
①This book is within the capacity of younger readers.這本書年紀小的讀者也能看懂。
②The room had seating capacity for about 80.
這個房間能容納大約80人。
7．grand adj.大的；宏大的
It's not a very grand house, just a little cottage.
那不是深宅大院，只不過是個小農舍。
二、背短語詞塊——記會用一步到位
1．peak season 高峰季節
2．a symbol of the country 這個國家的象征
3．have a wide distribution throughout the country 廣泛分布于全國
4．move forwards 勇往直前
5．stay safe and warm 保持安全和溫暖
6．be against the law 是違法的
7．interaction with humans 與人類互動
8．in the interest of animal protection 出于對保護動物的考慮
9．a limited time 一段有限的時間
10．on a limited frequency of occasions 以有限的次數
11．come across 偶然遇到
12．a small handful of animals 屈指可數的動物
13．a flock of 一群(羊或鳥)
三、背單元佳句——學思用精準落實
1．句型公式： 修辭之夸張手法
教材原句 佳句背誦
The noise they make could wake the dead. 它們發出來的噪音能把死人吵醒。 When she learned about his death, a river of tears streamed out. 當她得知他去世了，眼淚如河水般涌出。
2.句型公式：修辭之明喻手法
教材原句 佳句背誦
They are about the size of small dogs and look like rather large black rats. 它們個頭跟小狗差不多，看起來像只大黑鼠。 [2024·浙江1月卷]After what seemed a century, it occurred to her that the shadow of the oak tree was just like the landmark of a long distance. 仿佛過了一個世紀，她突然意識到那棵橡樹的影子就像遠方的地標。
3.句型公式： while引導讓步狀語從句
教材原句 佳句背誦
While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it's really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology. 雖然它可以像鳥一樣在巢中產卵，但它實際上是一種原始的哺乳動物，具有罕見的生物特性。 While it was a hard job, every participant took it seriously and did their best. 雖然這是一項艱巨的任務，但每一位參與者都認真對待，并盡了最大的努力。晨讀3　書聲瑯瑯——由此及彼，拓展視野
應用文素養這樣背誦
Ⅰ.話題詞匯
1．cute adj. 機靈的
2．rare adj. 稀有的
3．fierce adj. 兇猛的
4．unique adj. 獨一無二的
5．endangered adj. 瀕危的
6．feed on 以……為主食
7．die out 滅絕
8．be regarded as 被看作
9．typical characteristic 典型特征
10．iconic/symbolic animals 標志性動物
Ⅱ.話題句式
1．描述動物
①There are many animals in nature.
自然界有許多動物。
②The monkey is one of the most intelligent animals in the wild.
猴子是野生世界最聰明的動物之一。
③Most of the movements of monkeys are in the tree.猴子多數的活動都在樹上。
④The jumping ability of monkeys is amazing to human beings.
猴子的跳躍能力對人類來說是非常驚人的。
2．表達觀點
①We should be aware of the importance of protecting wildlife.
我們應該意識到保護野生動物的重要性。
②In fact，they are an important part of nature.
事實上，它們是自然界重要的一部分。
③No one can deny/doubt that protecting animals is helpful to humans as well.
沒人能夠否認/懷疑，保護動物同樣有利于人類。
讀后續寫素養這樣背誦
讀后續寫修辭手法秀色可餐——主旨升華之善舉助人
佳句必背
1．From that day forward, I understood the power of kindness and never missed an opportunity to spread some around.
從那天起，我明白了善良的力量，從此不再錯過任何傳播善良的機會。
2．I made up my mind to pass on “love” to others. Just as the saying goes, “Roses given, fragrance in hand.”
我下定決心要把“愛”傳遞給別人。俗話說：“予人玫瑰，手留余香。”
3．Sometimes, a small act of kindness may be powerful enough to make a huge difference.
有時候，一個小小的善舉可能足以產生巨大的影響。
4．From that day on, every time I meet someone in need, I always reach out to them, hoping to pass on the kindness that the Mexican family offered me.
從那天起，每次我遇到有需要幫助的人，我都會向他們伸出援手，希望把墨西哥家庭對我的善意傳遞下去。
5．Only then did she realize how meaningful it was to help others.
直到那時她才意識到幫助別人是多么有意義的事。
微場景：
①I dragged my tired legs on a dusty road, hoping that someone could give me a hand with my heavy bag. With no shade along the way, so hot was it that I had been sweating like a pig. ②I was praying that the sun could temporarily resign from its post when a man on his bike stopped beside me, asking me if I needed some help. You can never imagine how joyful I was when I heard his heavenly voice. He firstly handed me a bottle of water and then carried my huge bag on the back of his bike. With no words to describe my appreciation for him, I offered to give him some money, ③which I thought he really deserved. He immediately declined, telling me the saying ④“Roses given, fragrance in hand.” and what he wanted from me was just ⑤to pass on this kindness to people who are in need in the future. I promised I would do this and from that day on, every time I meet someone in need, I always reach out to them, ⑥hoping to pass on the kindness to more people (分詞短語作狀語). 我拖著疲憊的雙腿走在塵土飛揚的路上，希望有人能幫我提一下沉甸甸的背包。一路上沒有樹蔭，天氣太熱，我汗流浹背。我正在祈禱太陽能暫時離開一下，這時一個騎自行車的男人停在我身邊，問我是否需要幫助。你永遠無法想象當我聽到他天籟般的聲音時我有多高興。他先遞給我一瓶水，然后把我的大背包放在自行車后面。我對他的感激之情溢于言表，主動提出給他一些錢，我認為這是他應得的。他立即拒絕了，告訴我那句諺語“予人玫瑰，手留余香”，并且說他只希望我在以后能把這份善良傳遞給需要幫助的人。我承諾我會這樣去做的。從那天起，每次我遇到有困難的人，我都會向他們伸出援手，希望把善意傳遞給更多的人。晨讀1　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language
素材這樣理解積累
[原文呈現]
25 Sep
Next week I'm travelling to Australia to visit a friend there over the school holidays. I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn 【1】. I have already done some research on① the country. Located② to the south of the equator③【2】， below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as④ “down under”【3】．
【1】此處為what引導的賓語從句，作record的賓語，what在從句中作learn的賓語。
【2】此處為形容詞短語作狀語。
【3】down under的字面意思是“底下”，這是澳大利亞的一個非正式的別稱。down under還可以指新西蘭。在實際使用中，down under還可以首字母大寫，即Down Under。
I have also read about some iconic sites, such as the Sydney Opera House and the Great Ocean Road, and animals like the cute koalas and kangaroos.I can't wait to see all of them! However, as I major in⑤ social studies, I'm more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
1 Oct
I'm here in Sydney! Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue⑥ and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! A lot of typical⑦ Australian food, such as the Sunday roast, is originally⑧ British. Bakeries⑨， fast-food joints⑩， butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world. The influence of Asian cultures, on the other hand ， led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs ， along with Australian versions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim.
3 Oct
My friend and I have arrived in Katherine, a town in Australia's Northern Territory. We're here to learn about the life and customs of the Aborigines, who are native to Australia. The Aboriginal population might be small, but its influence is still visible . For example, “Bondi” in “Bondi Beach” is an Aboriginal word meaning “water breaking over rocks”．
To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. This shows in their music, too, which celebrates the natural world and the spiritual world around them. Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo．【4】
【4】此處為過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾sticks。此處為“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的非限制性定語從句，先行詞為their musical instruments。
The didgeridoo is made from a tree branch which is hollow. To play the didgeridoo, you put your mouth on one end and blow while vibrating your lips. Unlike a horn, there are no finger holes.The didgeridoo player has to change the shape of his mouth in order to change pitch. A skilled player can play for a long time without stopping to breathe. He does this by continually breathing in through his nose while breathing out through his mouth and into the didgeridoo. I tried to learn how to play it, but after trying for hours, I was convinced that I could never make a musical sound with this instrument!
6 Oct
It's almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia.【5】I've enjoyed my time here very much. After being here for a while, my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peoples and cultures that make up the nation. Although the main cultural influence since 1788 has been Western culture, minority cultures have also played a part in shaping the unique Australian culture, with many of the new cultural influences contributed by immigrants.【6】 It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas．【7】
【5】本句屬于“It's time for sb. to do...”句型，意為“到了某人做……的時候了”。
【6】本句為主從復合句。Although在此引導讓步狀語從句，句中包含with復合結構。
【7】本句中It為形式主語，真正的主語為that引導的從句。
Personally speaking ， what I like most about Australia is the people themselves．【8】They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went．【9】
【8】what在此引導主語從句，并在從句中作like的賓語。
【9】此處為wherever引導的讓步狀語從句。
After experiencing Australia, I have to say that I agree with the tourism slogan：“There's nothing like Australia.”
[詞匯積累]
①do/conduct/undertake research on...對……進行研究/調查/探索
②located [l 'ke t d] adj.位于；坐落在
locate [l 'ke t] vt.找出……的準確位置；確定……的準確地點；把……安置在(或建造于)
location [l 'ke n] n．地方；地點；位置
③equator [ 'kwe t (r)] n．赤道
④refer to...as...把……稱作……
⑤major in主修
⑥barbecue ['bɑ b kju ] n．[C](abbr. BBQ)戶外燒烤
⑦typical ['t p kl] adj.典型的；有代表性的
typically adv.典型地；具有代表性地；通常；一般
⑧originally [' r d n li] adv.原來，起初
original adj.原來的；獨創的；原作的　n．原件，原作
origin n．起源；源頭；起因；身世；出身
⑨bakery ['be k ri] n．[C]面包(糕餅)店；面包廠
bake vt.& vi.(在烤爐里)燒烤；焙
⑩fast-food joints快餐店
joint [d nt] n．[C]公共場所(尤指價格低廉的飲食和娛樂場所)
butcher ['b t (r)] n．[C]肉販；屠夫
premier ['premi (r); NAmE pr 'm r] adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的
on the other hand另一方面
常與on the one hand連用，構成搭配，意為“一方面……，另一方面……”，用于引出對立的觀點、思想等。
lead to導致；造成
herb [h b] n．[C]藥草；香草；草木
Chinese-inspired adj.受中國影響的
[構詞法]　-inspired是形容詞后綴，常用于名詞、形容詞以及副詞后，構成形容詞，表示“受……影響的”。
visible ['v z bl] adj.明顯的；能注意到的；看得見的；可見的
[近義]　obvious adj.明顯的；顯然的；易理解的
[反義]　invisible adj.看不見的；隱形的
survive [s 'va v] vi.生存，存活，繼續存在
survive from...從……中留存下來
survival n．[U]生存；存活；幸存；[C]殘存物；幸存事物
in contact with...與……有聯系/接觸
skilled [sk ld] adj.有技能的；熟練的
be skilled in/at (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面很嫻熟
breathe in吸氣
breathe out呼氣
be convinced that...確信……
convinced adj.堅信的；深信的；確信的
convincing adj.令人信服的；有說服力的
convince [k n'v ns] vt.使確信；使信服；說服
complicated ['k mpl ke t d] adj.復雜的；難懂的
people在此意為“民族、種族”，為可數名詞。
make up構成；組成
minority [ma 'n r ti] n．少數民族；少數派；少數；少數人
majority [m 'd r ti] n．大部分；大多數
be in a/the minority/majority占少數/占多數；成為少數派/成為多數派
play a part in...在……中起作用；參與……
shape [ e p] vt.決定……的形成；影響……的發展；使成為……形狀(或樣子)；塑造
in shape狀況良好
out of shape變形；走樣；身體不好；不健康
in the shape of...以……的形式；呈……的形狀
take shape成形
contribute [k n'tr bju t]vt. & vi.為……做貢獻
contribute to有助于；促進；促成；向……捐獻；是……的原因之一
contribution n．貢獻；捐款；捐贈；捐助
either...or...要么……，要么……
personally speaking就個人而言
常置于句首，用于引出自己的觀點和看法。
straightforward [ stre t'f w d] adj.坦率的；簡單的
free-and-easy adj.不拘禮節的
feel at home舒適自在；無拘無束
[課文譯文]
9月25日
趁學校放假，下周我要去澳大利亞拜訪那邊的一個朋友。我打算寫博客來記錄我的經歷和見聞。我已經對澳大利亞做了一些研究。它位于赤道以南，在地球儀上看，它在很多國家的下方，通常被非正式地稱為“down under”。
我也查閱了一些標志性景點的資料，如悉尼歌劇院和大洋路，還了解一些動物比如可愛的考拉和袋鼠。我等不及要去一睹為快了！然而，因為我主修社會科學，我更感興趣的是結識澳大利亞人，體驗他們的文化、食物和生活方式。
10月1日
我到悉尼了！自從來到這兒，我的朋友就帶我參加了我的第一次露天燒烤，還和我分享了各種各樣的美食，所以我對澳大利亞的第一印象都是關于食物的。許多澳大利亞風味的食物都起源于英國，如周日烤肉。面包店、快餐店、肉店、咖啡館和餐廳隨處可見，提供體驗一些世界一流的美食。另一方面，受亞洲文化的影響，除了靈感源自中國的點心等澳大利亞改良的食物以外，還引入了豆腐和(用于調味的)亞洲藥草。
10月3日
我和朋友來到澳大利亞澳北區的一個小鎮——凱瑟琳。我們來這里是為了了解澳大利亞土著人的生活和習俗，他們是澳大利亞的原居民。澳大利亞土著人口可能很少，但其影響力還是顯而易見的。例如，Bondi Beach(邦迪海灘)中的Bondi(邦迪)就是源于土著詞語，意思是“水流沖擊巖石”。
為了在這片海洋上的廣闊土地生存，澳大利亞土著人必須緊密依賴大自然。這也體現在他們的音樂當中，這些音樂贊美他們周圍的自然和精神世界。他們絕大多數的樂器其實就是地上找到的樹枝，其中就有一種令人驚嘆的，叫作迪吉里杜管的樂器。
迪吉里杜管由中空的樹枝制成。演奏時，你要把嘴唇放在一端，一邊使嘴唇振動一邊吹。它跟喇叭不一樣，沒有指孔，吹奏者必須通過改變嘴形來變換音高。技藝高超的吹奏者能夠長時間不停歇地吹奏。他是這樣做到的，不斷用鼻子吸氣，同時用嘴將氣息吹入迪吉里杜管。我試著學習吹奏迪吉里杜管。但經過幾個小時的努力后，我確信我無法用這個樂器發出樂音。
10月6日
我差不多該和澳大利亞說再見了。我很享受在這里的時光。在這兒待了一段時間后，讓我印象最深的是構成這個國家的復雜多樣的民族和文化。盡管自1788年以來，它主要受西方文化的影響，但少數民族也為塑造澳大利亞獨特的文化發揮了作用，同時移民也帶來了新的文化影響力。據說，現在幾乎一半的澳大利亞公民要么出生于海外，要么他們的父母出生于海外。
就個人而言，對于澳大利亞，我最喜歡的是當地人。他們對待生活的態度率真灑脫，無論我走到哪里，他們的友好和熱情都讓我感到賓至如歸。
親身體驗了澳大利亞之行后，我不得不說我贊同這句旅游宣傳語——“澳大利亞，盡是不同。”
教材這樣提煉活用
一、分類背詞匯——認寫用各司其責
Ⅰ.背閱讀詞匯——會認就行
1．iconic adj. 符號的；圖標的
2．equator n. 赤道
3．butcher n. 肉販；屠夫；劊子手
4．premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的
n. 總理；首相
5．herb n. 藥草；香草；草本
6．horn n. (樂器)號
7．pitch n. 音高
Ⅱ.背拓展詞匯——寫對才行
1．foundation n．創建；基礎；地基→found vt.建立；創建
2．political adj.政治的→politics n．政治(學)→politician n．從政者；政治家
3．located adj.位于→location n．位置→locate vt.使坐落于　vi.定位；定居
4．bakery n．面包(糕餅)店；面包廠→bake vt.烤，烘焙
Ⅲ.背核心詞匯——會用才行
第一組　會寫
1．joint n. 公共場所(尤指價格低廉的飲食和娛樂場所)；關節
adj. 聯合的；共同的
2．hollow adj. 中空的；空心的
3．straightforward adj. 坦率的；簡單的
4．slogan n. 標語；口號
第二組　會用
1．foundation n．創建；基礎；地基
①As far as I'm concerned, best friends are the foundation of my life.
就我個人而言，良友們是我生活的基礎。
②The conclusions must have some solid foundation in reality.
這些結論一定有些可靠的現實基礎。
2．political adj.政治的
One suspects he was dismissed for political reasons.
有人懷疑他是由于政治原因而被解職的。
3．located adj.位于
①Surrounded by green trees, the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.
這個農場被綠樹環繞，坐落在我們學校附近的山腳下。
②The center is ideally located within easy reach of many historical sites.
該中心地理位置優越，可輕松到達許多歷史遺跡。
4．joint n．公共場所(尤指價格低廉的飲食和娛樂場所)；關節　adj.聯合的；共同的
①I hope everyone will share the joint responsibility for heritage protection.
我希望每個人都能一起分擔保護遺產的責任。
②It is only through our joint action that we can solve the tough problem. (應用文之倡議書)
只有通過我們的共同行動，我們才能解決這個棘手的問題。
5．premier adj.最著名的；第一的；首要的　n．總理；首相
①The company has achieved a premier position in the electronics field.
該公司執電子行業之牛耳。
②She was sworn in as premier on 4 June.
她于6月4日宣誓就任總理。
6．straightforward adj.坦率的；簡單的
She is very blunt, very straightforward and very honest.
她很直接，很坦率，也很誠實。
7．slogan n．標語；口號
①“Power to the people” is their slogan.
“一切權力歸人民”是他們的口號。
②They fought the election on the slogan “The time has come”．
他們打出了“時機已到”的競選口號。
二、背短語詞塊——記會用一步到位
1．refer to...as 把……稱作
2．can't wait to do 迫不及待做
3．major in 以……為專業
4．be native to 原產于……
5．in contact with 和……保持聯系
6．be made from 由……制成
7．feel at home 感到輕松自在
8．make up 構成；彌補；編造；化妝
三、背單元佳句——學思用精準落實
1．句型公式：“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句
教材原句 佳句背誦
Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground, among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeridoo. 他們絕大多數的樂器其實就是在地上找到的樹枝，其中就有一種叫作迪吉里杜管的神奇樂器。 The activity, the aim of which is to draw our attention to environmental protection, raises our awareness of caring about nature. 該活動旨在引起我們對環境保護的關注，從而提高我們對保護自然的意識。
2.句型公式：動詞不定式短語作目的狀語
教材原句 佳句背誦
To survive in this vast land on the ocean, the Aborigines had to be in close contact with nature. 為了在大洋中這片遼闊的土地上生存，澳大利亞土著人必須緊密依賴大自然。 The audience broke into thunderous applause to show their appreciation of the performers' excellent performances. 觀眾們爆發出雷鳴般的掌聲，以表達對表演者們出色表演的贊賞。
3.句型公式： it作形式主語， that引導的主語從句作真正的主語
教材原句 佳句背誦
It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. 據說現在近一半的澳大利亞公民要么自己出生于海外，要么父母出生于海外。 It's said that thousands of works cut by folk artists will be on display, from which we will know the life of people around us. 據說，成千上萬的民間藝術家雕刻的作品將被展出，從中我們將了解我們周圍人的生活。

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