資源簡介

Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
課前自學導引
龍脊梯田
想象一下，裹在銀色水中的群山，在春天的陽光下閃閃發光。夏天，隨著水稻的生長，群山變得翠綠。在秋天，這些山是金色的；在冬天，它們被白霜覆蓋。這些是龍脊梯田的顏色。
這些梯田是當地壯族和瑤族人建造的，廣西是他們的家鄉。從元代開始，梯田的修建歷經數百年，直到清初才完成。放眼望去，這些梯田覆蓋著高山，通常從山腳下一直延伸到山頂。
那么，為什么這些人要費那么大的力氣把整座山變成梯田呢？首先，該地區很少有大片的平坦的土地。因此，建造梯田意味著他們可以增加種植水稻的面積。其次，雖然這個地區雨水充足，但山陡、土淺。平坦的梯田吸收雨水，防止土壤被沖走。
但也許最重要的，是人們與自然和諧相處的方式來建造梯田、種植水稻。梯田設計巧妙，數百條水道相互連通。在雨季，雨水正是沿著這些水道從山上流下進入梯田。太陽把水加熱，把它變成蒸汽。這就形成了云，雨從云中又一次落在了山上的梯田上。這些梯田也為鳥類和魚類提供了一個完美的環境，其中一些魚類和鳥類以危害水稻作物的昆蟲為食。
雖然現代技術可以幫助生產更多的作物，但這些梯田對看重傳統的當地人來說仍然意義重大。這種知識是通過家庭傳承下來的，這意味著新一代繼續使用古老的農業方法來維持梯田。今天，龍脊梯田吸引了成千上萬的游客前來觀賞這個由人與自然共同創造的偉大奇跡。
課堂合作探究
1 harmony n. 融洽，和諧，一致(P63)
歸納拓展 (1)in harmony with 與……協調一致out of harmony with 與……不協調一致(2)harmonious adj. 調和的，和諧的，均衡的
①Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人類生活被認為是自然的一部分，嚴格說來，我們生存的唯一方式就是與自然和諧相處。
②The music is out of harmony with her songs.
曲調和她(所唱)的歌不和諧。
③It is a harmonious community where pupils are very happy.
這是一個和睦的集體，學生們很開心。
(1)單句語法填空
We are trying to form a (harmony) society to meet people's need.
答案：harmonious
(2)單句寫作
①只有人們彼此和諧共處，我們才能擁有安定的社會。
Only if people live can we have a stable society.
②當孩子們長大后，他們的想法會與父母不一致。
When children grow up, their ideas will be their parents'.
答案：①in harmony with each other ②out of harmony with2 design v. 設計，(為某種特定目的)計劃 n. 設計；圖案；意圖(P63)
歸納拓展 (1)design sth. for sb./sth. 為……設計……(be) designed for sb./sth. 為……而設計be designed as sth. 被設計成be designed to do sth. 為做某事而設計；目的是(2)by design＝on purpose 故意地，蓄意地
①This entrance has been specially designed for people in wheelchairs.
這個入口是專門為坐輪椅的人設計的。
②It is designed as a textbook for a one term course.
它可用作一學期課程的教材。
③The weekend party was designed to bring the two old men together.
這次周末聚會的用意是讓兩位老人見面。
④We don't know whether it was done by accident or by design.
我們不知道那是偶然的還是故意的。
單句語法填空
①These seats are specially designed children who are under 5 years old.
②The Project Hope is designed (help) those children who drop out of school because of poverty.
③The meeting is designed an introduction to our new product.
④The famous building is said to (design) by an outstanding architect (建筑師) called Jason.
答案：①for ②to help ③as ④be designed
3 harm v．& n. 傷害，損害(P63)
歸納拓展 (1)do ... harm/do harm to ... 對……有害There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth.做某事無害處(2)harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的be harmful to ... 對……有害處(3)harmless adj. 無害的，不會造成損害的
①Reading novels on line for a long time before sleeping will do you harm.
睡前在線閱讀小說的時間太久對身體有害。
②The heavy haze in the eastern area of China especially in Jinan did great harm to people's health.
華東地區特別是濟南的霧霾對人們的健康造成了巨大的傷害。
③There's no harm in telling him the truth.
把真相告訴他沒有什么害處。
④It's harmful to your health to drink too much.
過量喝酒對你的健康有害。
harm “危害，使受傷害”，常用于抽象事物
hurt “弄疼，使受傷”，可指肉體上的傷害，更多用于情感上的傷害
injure “使受傷，傷害”，尤其指在事故中受到的傷害
wound “傷害，使受傷”，主要用于刀、槍、劍等武器對身體造成的創傷
(1)選詞填空(harm/hurt/injure/wound)
①She my feelings and my heart was broken.
②Tom was badly in the car accident.
③The bullet his leg and he didn't stand up from then on.
④Reading in dim light will your eyes.
答案：①hurt ②injured ③wounded ④harm
(2)同義句轉換
Staying up often can harm your health.
→①Staying up often can your health.
→②Staying up often can your health.
答案：①be harmful to ②do harm to
feed on(動物)以……為食(P63)
歸納拓展 (1)feed sb./sth. on/with ... ＝feed ... to sb./sth.用……來喂/飼養某人/物be fed up with 厭煩……(2)live on (人)以……為主食，靠……生活
①Butterflies feed on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect.
蝴蝶以花卉產生的一種甜甜的液體為食，蜜蜂和別的昆蟲則采集這種液體。
②We feed our dogs on/with fresh meat.
＝We feed fresh meat to our dogs.
我們用新鮮的肉喂我們的狗。
③Many consumers today are fed up with receiving spam or unwanted e mail.
如今，許多用戶討厭收到垃圾郵件和無用郵件。
④I don't know how they manage to live on ￡10 a week.
我不知道他們一個星期靠10英鎊是怎么生活的。
單句語法填空
①Cattle chiefly feed grass.
②She feeds a special kind of grass her sheep.
③I'm fed up his endless complaints.
答案：①on ②to ③with
During the rainy season, it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.在雨季，雨水正是沿著這些水道從山上流下進入梯田。(P63)
剖析 本句中的“it was ... that ... ”是強調句型，強調的是地點狀語along these waterways。
歸納拓展 (1)強調句的基本句型是“It is/was＋被強調部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。(2)強調句的一般疑問句的構成是：“Is/Was it＋被強調部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分”。(3)強調句的特殊疑問句形式為“疑問詞(被強調部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分”。(4)not ... until ... 結構在強調句型中的運用，其結構為“It is/was not until ... that ... ”。
①It was his best friend that/who he met at the party.
在聚會時他遇到的是他最好的朋友。
②Was it Sally that/who phoned you just now？
剛才給你打電話的是莎莉嗎？
③What was it that prevented him from coming in time？
是什么使得他沒及時來？
④It was not until she took off her sunglasses that I recognized her.
直到她摘下墨鏡我才認出她來。
名師點津 強調句型的判斷方法：把it is/was及that去掉，句子依然完整；否則，就不是強調句型。
句型轉換
Tom bought her a present while he visited New York.
→① (強調主語)
→② (強調直接賓語)
→③ (強調時間狀語)
答案：①It was Tom that/who bought her a present while he visited New York. ②It was a present that Tom bought her while he visited New York. ③It was while he visited New York that Tom bought her a present.
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1. Water becomes ice or (蒸汽) under certain conditions.
答案：vapour
2. They wanted to (設計) a machine that was both attractive and practical.
答案：design
3. Industry and (農業) are the two important sectors of the national economy.
答案：agriculture
4. He was a businessman, and (因此) he always keep an eye out for any opportunity to make money.
答案：therefore
5. We a the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.
答案：admire
6. Some parts of the water are very s . But in some places it is very deep.
答案：shallow
7. We should do everything we can to p him from making the same mistake again.
答案：prevent
8. The temple has a long history which dates back to the early period of the Tang D .
答案：Dynasty
Ⅱ.單句語法填空
1. The (complete) of this bridge highly facilitates the trips of people across the river banks.
答案：completion
2. It was obvious that the boss went to the meeting late design.
答案：by
3. She was sitting in an armchair with blankets (wrap) round her.
答案：wrapped
4. Flooding is likely in some coastal (region) of the Northeast during the early part of the week.
答案：regions
5. Many women said parenthood (harm) their careers.
答案：harmed
6. New techniques should increase (agriculture) production but also be friendly to the environment.
答案：agricultural
Ⅲ.選詞填空
be home to; turn ... into ...; feed on; plenty of; prevent ... from ...; wash away; provide ... for ...; pass down
1. The bad witch (女巫) the prince a frog.
答案：turned; into
2. Sichuan the giant panda, which is known as a national treasure of China.
答案：is home to
3. We should some help them.
答案：provide; for
4. I will do what I can to the matter being worse.
答案：prevent; from
5. This custom since the 18th century.
答案：has been passed down
6. There was time; she needn't have hurried.
答案：plenty of
7. With these trees, the soil couldn't easily.
答案：be washed away
8. Owls mice and other small animals.
答案：feed on
Ⅳ.根據要求改寫下面的句子
My brother met John at the bus station yesterday.
1.對主語My brother進行強調
答案：It was my brother that/who met John at the bus station yesterday.
2.對賓語John進行強調
答案：It was John that my brother met at the bus station yesterday.
3.對地點狀語at the bus station進行強調
答案：It was at the bus station that my brother met John yesterday.
4.對時間狀語yesterday進行強調
答案：It was yesterday that my brother met John at the bus station.
課后課時作業
On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to 1 and the subway system almost came to a stop.
Unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were 2 to go home. Some battled to 3 a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the 4 bravely, walking miles to get to work. I 5 to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most 6 had stopped. After making my way 7 crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was 8 . Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to 9 the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the 10 . So I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like forever, the train 11 my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was 12 through, exhausted and 13 .
My co workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5：00 pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer 14 I received an e mail from Garth, my director：
“I would like to thank all of you who made the effort and 15 reported to work. It is always reassuring (令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their 16 to their jobs. Thank you.”
Garth's e mail was short, but I learned more from that 17 message than I ever did from a textbook. The e mail taught me that a few words of 18 can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic 19 had made me tired and upset. But Garth's words immediately 20 me and put a smile back on my face.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章描寫了在暴風雨襲來時，作者和其他很多人歷盡艱辛和不便堅持去上班，雖然渾身濕透，疲憊不堪，心情也受到影響，但是經理的一封感謝信卻使他精神重新振作起來。
1．A. break B．flood
C．sink D．crash
答案：B 可怕的暴風雨造成的后果是洪水泛濫，所以選B。flood “為水所淹(沒)”，符合語境。
2．A. forced B. refused
C．adjusted D. gathered
答案：A 地鐵停運“迫使”上班的人不得不回家。Sb. be forced to do sth. “某人被迫做某事”。
3．A. order B. pay
C．call D. search
答案：C 根據語境可知，此處應是“叫出租車”，即call a taxi。
4．A. climate B. scenery
C．storm D. burden
答案：C 聯系上文語境“上班高峰時期遭遇暴風雨，很多人不得不回家，一些人奮力呼叫出租車或坐公共汽車，還有一些人‘勇敢地面對 ，步行幾英里去上班’”可知，此處應填storm “暴風雨”。
5．A. used B. promised
C．deserved D. happened
答案：D “我”“恰好”是那天早晨去上班的人之一。happen to be “碰巧/恰好是”，故選D。
6．A. practice B. routine
C．process D. service
答案：D “我”沿著地鐵線一路尋找，結果卻發現大部分地鐵服務都停了。service “(公用事業的)公共服務”。
7．A.to B. through
C．over D. for
答案：B 此處指艱難地“穿過”人群，用through，它指從內部穿過。
8．A. operating B. cycling
C．turning D. rushing
答案：A “我”終于發現一條仍在“運轉”的地鐵線。operate “運轉，運行”，符合語境。
9．A. check B. carry
C．find D. board
答案：D board the subway “上地鐵”。board “登(飛機、車、船等)”。
10．A. street B. ground
C．floor D．platform
答案：D 等著上地鐵的人太多了，“我”甚至不能走下臺階到站臺那里去。platform “站臺，月臺”，符合語境。
11．A. paused B. crossed
C．reached D. parked
答案：C 好像過了很久列車終于“到達”了“我”要去的站點。根據語境應選C。
12．A. wet B. weak
C．sick D．hurt
答案：A 由常識可知，“我”在暴風雨中步行幾個街區到達辦公室后，全身都“濕透”了。wet through “濕透”。
13．A. ashamed B. discouraged
C．surprised D. puzzled
答案：B “我”步行幾個街區，全身濕透，當然是感到“筋疲力盡”并且“垂頭喪氣”。discouraged “沮喪的；垂頭喪氣的”。
14．A. while B. when
C．where D. after
答案：B be about to do sth. when ... “正要做某事，就在這時……”，為固定句型。
15．A. hardly B. casually
C．absolutely D. eventually
答案：D “我要感謝你們這些所有作出努力、最終來上班的人”。eventually “最終”，符合語境。
16．A. devotion B. donation
C．connection D. reaction
答案：A 當員工們明確表示出對工作的忠于職守時，總是讓人欣慰的。devotion “奉獻，忠誠”。
17．A. accurate B. urgent
C．brief D. humorous
答案：C 由前邊的short可知，“我”從這封“簡短的”郵件里學到的東西要比以前從教科書中學到的多。根據語境選C。
18．A. promise B. appreciation
C．advice D. guidance
答案：B words of appreciation “感激的話”。句意：這封感謝的郵件使“我”認識到幾句感謝的話會有極大的影響。
19．A. troubles B. signals
C．rules D. signs
答案：A 由上文可知，“我”輾轉乘車才到達了工作地點，因此用traffic troubles表示“交通帶來的不便、麻煩”。
20．A. corrected B. supported
C．amazed D．refreshed
答案：D 暴風雨和交通不便使“我”深感疲憊和煩惱，而一封感謝信使“我”“恢復”了精神。refresh “使……恢復精神；使……生氣勃勃”。
A
Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and some human activities. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions in your own neighborhood can help protect many different animals. Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions.
Create wildlife friendly areas in your backyard.
When trying to make your garden more beautiful, you can choose plants that can provide food and shelter for the native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.
Besides, bird or bat houses in your yard or garden can attract and shelter more species.
Avoid harming the natural ecosystem (生態系統) in your backyard.
Some plants from other places can kill or harm the native plants that provide food and shelter for wildlife.
Have a greener lifestyle.
By using less water and fewer fuels, you will do good to help protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway if you can, turn off the electric devices when you're not using them, take showers for a shorter time, and keep the temperature in your room at or below 68 Fahrenheit degrees in winter.
Buy products that are friendly to wildlife.
Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals. Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, or hunters who are eager to earn money with them.
Donate money to organizations that protect wildlife and their habitats.
You can give money to organizations of groups that protect wildlife in your neighborhood, thus promoting their work.
1．The purpose of this passage is to .
A．tell us why protecting wildlife is extremely important now
B．suggest that we protect wildlife through words
C．explain why protecting wildlife is not as hard as people think
D．give us some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions
答案：D 主旨大意題。根據第一段最后一句和下文的各個小標題可知，本篇文章的寫作目的是建議我們通過日常的小事來保護野生動物。
2．What behaviour do you think the author would disagree with
A．Planting proper trees in gardens.
B．Buying a sweater that is made from antelope fur as a gift.
C．Donating some money to WWF.
D．Reading books about wildlife.
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據第五段第一句“Don't buy products that are made from endangered animals.”可知，作者勸我們不要買由瀕危動物制成的產品。由此推斷，作者可能會反對B項。
3．In which section of a newspaper would you most probably read this passage
A．Environment. B．Teaching.
C．Business. D．Geography.
答案：A 推理判斷題。本文主要講了關于保護野生動物的一些建議，這些建議與環境有關系，所以應當在環境(Environment)一欄中出現。故選A。
B
For many people who live in cities, parks are an important part of the landscape. They provide a place for people to relax and play sports, as well as a shelter from the often severe environment of a city. What people often overlook is that parks also provide considerable environmental benefits.
One benefit of parks is that plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen, which humans need to breathe. According to one study, an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide that a typical car emits in 11,000 miles of driving. Parks also make cities cooler. Scientists have long noted what is called the Urban Heat Island Effect: building materials such as metal and concrete (混凝土) absorb much more of the sun's heat and release (釋放) it much more quickly than organic surfaces like trees and grass. Because city landscapes contain so much of these building materials, cities are usually warmer than surrounding rural areas. Parks and other green spaces help to lessen the Urban Heat Island Effect.
Unfortunately, many cities cannot easily create more parks because most land is already being used for buildings, roads, parking lots, and other essential parts of the urban environment. However, cities could benefit from many of the positive effects of parks by encouraging citizens to create another type of green space: rooftop gardens. While most people would not think of starting a garden on their roof, human beings have been planting gardens on rooftops for thousands of years. Some rooftop gardens are simple container gardens that anyone can create with the investment (投資) of a few hundred dollars and a few hours of work.
Rooftop gardens provide many of the same benefits as other urban parks and garden spaces, but without taking up the much needed land. In the summer, rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. In the winter, gardens help control the heat that materials like brick and concrete release so quickly, leading to savings on heating bills. Rooftop vegetable and herb gardens can also provide fresh food for city settlers, making their diets healthier. Rooftop gardens are not only something everyone can enjoy, they are also a smart environmental investment.
篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了在擁擠的城市里建立屋頂花園的好處。
4．The underlined word “emits” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．carries away B．takes up
C．gives out D．breathes in
答案：C 詞義猜測題。根據第二段中的“an acre of trees can absorb the same amount of carbon dioxide ... in 11,000 miles of driving”可知，一英畝的樹吸收的二氧化碳的量和一輛普通的汽車行駛11,000英里排放的二氧化碳的量是相等的。由此可知，emit與give out的意思相同，表示“釋放”。
5．Which of the following contributes to the Urban Heat Island Effect
A．More building materials.
B．More trees and grass.
C．More parking lots.
D．More rooftop gardens.
答案：A 細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Scientists have long noted ... usually warmer than surrounding rural areas.”可知，諸如金屬和混凝土之類的建筑材料是城市熱島效應的始作俑者，故選A。
6．When it comes to rooftop gardens, what can be inferred from the passage
A．They make people much happier.
B．They provide more benefits than urban parks.
C．They help to save money and keep a healthy diet.
D．They have become very popular in recent years.
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“reduce cooling bills” “leading to savings on heating bills”和“making their diets healthier”以及最后一段的整體內容可推知，屋頂花園能夠降低取暖或降溫的費用支出。同時，它還可以為蔬菜種植提供場地，為人們提供新鮮的蔬菜，從而使人們的飲食更健康，故選C。
7．What's the author's attitude towards rooftop gardens
A．Sceptical B．Supportive
C．Critical D．Objective
答案：B 推理判斷題。根據最后一段第一句并結合本段的整體內容可推知，作者是提倡創建屋頂花園的，故選B。sceptical “懷疑的”；critical “批判性的，批評的”；objective “客觀的”。
假設你是李華，新年即將到臨，你的英國筆友Jack和你交流新年的打算。你回信說你們搬入新校，為了更好地建設“綠色校園”，你打算號召同學們一起努力：
1．多植樹，美化校園；
2．回收廢物(瓶子、報紙等)；
3．節約能源。
注意：1.詞數80左右；
2．開頭和結尾已給出，但不計入總詞數；
3．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：回收recycle
Dear Jack，
Thank you for your letter telling me your new plan of the year 2020.
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear Jack，
Thank you for your letter telling me your new plan of the year 2020. Our new school has been set up and we moved into it just a few days ago. In order to build a “green school”， I would like to call on my classmates to make more efforts.
First, we are going to plant more trees on campus to beautify our school grounds. Recycling is always the best method to protect the environment, so, second, we will recycle bottles, plastic bags and waste newspapers. Furthermore, we will try our best to save energy at school, for example, we will turn off electrical appliances when they are not being used.
I believe united efforts can make our school a real “green school”. Do you think so
Yours，
Li Hua

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