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專題12 完形填空說明文命題規(guī)律探究
目錄
題型綜述 1
解題攻略 3
五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題 3
四種方法智取句組層次題 5
三種方法突破語篇層次題 8
中考練場 15
【題型解讀】
中考完形填空說明文是一種以說明為主要表達方式的文章體裁。它通過對實體事物科學的解說，對客觀事物做出說明或?qū)Τ橄蟮年U釋，使人們對事物的形態(tài)、構造、性質(zhì)、種類、成因、功能，關系或?qū)κ吕淼母拍睢⑻攸c、演變、異同等科學地認識，從而獲得有關的知識。利用說明文的基本特征，對解題有所幫助！
1. 利用說明文的首句查找說明主體
2. 把握說明文的兩種結構模式
(1)總分式。包括＂總—分＂＂分—總＂＂總—分—總＂等具體形式。
(2)遞進式。事理說明文多用遞進式結構，一層一層地剖析事理。具體包括：空間順序——從上到下、從外到內(nèi)、從左到右、從南到北、從遠到近、從中間到四周、從整體到部分；時間順序——按照時間先后順序來安排，事物都有發(fā)生、發(fā)展、消亡的過程；邏輯順序——有些說明文主要是剖析事理的，在說明時就按照事理的邏輯關系進行安排，或者從主到次、從淺到深、從原因到結果，具有嚴密的條理性。
完形填空題以考查實詞為主，主要包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞及相關短語。從近幾年中考試題來看，完形填空越來越強調(diào)對上下文以及通篇文章的理解
【命題規(guī)律】
1.句內(nèi)層次題：解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)部，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，邊讀邊填。
2.句組層次題：解題信息分布在設空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后尋找暗示。
3.語篇層次題：解題信息分布在語篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷。
【解題策略】
1.語義優(yōu)先于語法原則
文章的開頭部分尤其是第一句話不設空格，它起到的作用是對所選短文的題材和可能涉及的內(nèi)容作簡單的介紹或提示，并且單純的語法題已從該題型中逐漸消失。如果一味按照語法規(guī)則來選擇答案，就必定陷入了答題誤區(qū)。
2.詞內(nèi)選項句內(nèi)找原則
四個選擇項要么都是詞義相近的名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù)，要么都是近義動詞的同一時態(tài)等，只能根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確的選擇。如果提供的四個選擇項詞義相差懸殊，則上文或下文肯定有答題提示，有時第一個空格要讀完全文才能回答。
【應試技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意
對于此類文章我們結合選擇項，進行粗讀或略讀,對文章的大意要先有一個大體的了解。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚說明的順序
把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加強對整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的組織結構，理清事實細節(jié)
把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達清楚的、邏輯比較嚴密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時，我們一定要仔細研讀文章的開頭和結尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結論。這時，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解細節(jié)的基礎上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對文章進行深層次的理解。
4.注重上下文語境
應逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服"思維定勢"，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項填空。
5.熟練做題方法，遵循四個原則:
(1)上下一致。每個選擇項必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。
(2)語法正確。從語法地角度去考慮動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。
(3) 邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時每個選擇項從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。
(4)符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。
【考點詮釋】
五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題
解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對于此類題目，可邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復原。
利用習慣搭配及固定結構解題
完形填空中經(jīng)常會考查一些固定結構、固定句式，這時就需要運用習慣搭配及固定結構來解題。這個技巧主要指慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關聯(lián)詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。
[示例]　I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
A．chair　　　　　B．sponsor C．a(chǎn)ttend D．organize
利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識。在做題時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。
[示例]　Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．a(chǎn)voided C．excused D．ignored
3．利用對應成分分析法解題
完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關系，它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應關系。考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關系找出與未知填空相對應的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。
[示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure
[示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
4.利用邏輯關系解題
此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關系來確定答案，主要應用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語，二是考查上下文的邏輯關系。
[示例]　We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident．
28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
利用語境暗示分析法解題
上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內(nèi)層次中，我們通常可以通過上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[示例]　The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8.
39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
四種方法智取句組層次題
比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結構和語境，利用文章中的復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確的答案。
[示例]　While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手語)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[示例]　Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
[示例]　This is what happens on long submarine（潛水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions
47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct
[示例]　Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before.
62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops
利用作者態(tài)度或感彩關聯(lián)解題
在完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案或根據(jù)作者對人物或事情的褒貶性排除干擾做出正確的選擇。
【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant.
49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding
【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突擊學習) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course.
63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．a(chǎn)nnoying C．common D．valuable
3．利用邏輯關系解題
在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關系，若在解題時忽視這一點，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對照、遞進、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設置選項，因此在平時學習時就應該分清并牢記相關連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關系。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
[示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
4．利用語境暗示分析法解題
在句組層次中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[示例]　During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand !
24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such
三種方法突破語篇層次題
語篇層次題要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進行準確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。這類題難度較大，一篇完形填空中，大約有2～3道此類題。
不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合思維再做判定。語篇層次題的解答必須立足于整個語篇，因此在解題時對這類題目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，順藤摸瓜，仔細比對，最終得出答案。具體來說，可以利用以下3種方法解答此類題目。
利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關聯(lián)的語篇，它往往要圍繞一個話題論述，因此行文中詞語的重復、替代或同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，即某一詞常常以原詞、同義詞或近義詞以及其它形式重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復現(xiàn)的語用意義使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構成一個完整和有機的意義整體。根據(jù)這一原則，某一個空格所對應的答案很可能就是在上下文中復現(xiàn)的相關詞，考生可以這些詞之間的有機聯(lián)系來決定答案。
[示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went .
36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment
....
I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
利用總分結構或?qū)Ρ冉Y構分析法解題
完形填空往往采用總分對照結構，總述是對分述的總結和概括，而分述是對總述的展開和詳述，兩者之間有著明確的相互支撐、相互印證的對照關系。總分對照結構可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。
對比結構常把兩種對立的事物或同一事物的兩個不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ取８呖纪晷翁羁疹}常常利用句子之間的對比關系或者同一個句子的不同部分之間的對比關系設計題目。對比結構可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。
[示例]　He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
[示例] Be someone else! Look at the situation from a __62__ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __63__ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want Why can’t she get it What changes must she make to get what she wants If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __64__. The best fishermen think like fish!
A. private B. global C. different D. practical
利用邏輯關系解題
在語篇層次題中，利用邏輯關系也是一種重要解題方法。完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關系，若在解題時忽視這一點，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對照、遞進、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設置選項，因此在平時學習時就應該分清并牢記相關連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關系。
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
【典題舉隅】
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
The other day our English teacher asked us to read an article in the textbook called “Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There ” While reading, I couldn’t stop thinking of my 71 of Stonehenge last summer when my family went to the UK. It is one of the most wonderful experiences I’ve ever had.
Stonehenge is a 72 stone group made up of a large number of heavy stones. It is said that they were put together almost 5,000 years ago. It took us about two hours to get there from London by bus.
When we 73 there at about 10 a.m., visitors of all ages had already begun their trips. I could not wait to join them. Some men 74 uniforms guided us to walk along the paths around the large stone monuments (石碑). Walking along them, I felt like stepping back 5,000 years. I 75 each stone might weigh several tons. Looking at them in amazement, I wanted to know how ancient people could make those large stones stand without the help of modern 76 . Questions came into my mind: Why did they build Stonehenge How long did it take them to build it I could not 77 how many people worked together to build these monuments. The true purpose of building Stonehenge may remain a mystery. But its 78 to attract and encourage people has lasted for thousands of years. Without great teamwork, Stonehenge would never have been built.
As we stopped to take pictures, I saw a blonde girl 79 the stone monuments. She was getting inspiration (靈感) from them for her artwork.
Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for 80 . If you ever get the chance to visit England, take the time to see the great stone monuments for yourself.
71．A．task B．tour C．treat D．trade
72．A．tiny B．huge C．usual D．slight
73．A．left B．moved C．waited D．a(chǎn)rrived
74．A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．with
75．A．guessed B．counted C．decided D．wondered
76．A．medicine B．education C．technology D．a(chǎn)griculture
77．A．doubt B．a(chǎn)gree C．imagine D．manage
78．A．power B．pride C．progress D．problem
79．A．hearing B．writing C．drawing D．introducing
80．A．days B．weeks C．months D．centuries
（2024·江蘇蘇州·二模）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A Taste of Finnish Culture
Some students came to Finland to study at Helsinki University. They are sitting in a city cafe after one of their classes.
Kirsten: Talking about Finns and Finland, what do you guys think about living here 91
Edwina: I must tell you guys that I was quite pleasantly surprised at the weather when I first arrived here in the middle of 92 . The temperature was minus 15. I thought I was going to die! But I don’t freeze 93 in Finland, because all the buildings are so well heated. I freeze more in Scotland than I do here.
Vishal: True. And the summertime is lovely, though. Another thing I really like about living in Finland is that it’s really 94 , at least compared to Mumbai! One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily. The most surprising thing was that 95 had been taken from it!
Kirsten: That’s pretty 96 . It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.
Edwina: People here 97 a lot. For example, almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.
Kirsten: You’re right! I remember I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way. That made me decide 98 to do it again!
Vishal: That’s funny! In India, people don’t do that!
Joseph: Well, another thing that can be funny is Finnish food. One day, soon after getting to Finland, I felt like having something sweet. I went into the comer shop and I saw that there were freshly baked doughnuts on the bread counter. “Excellent!” I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into. But imagine my 99 when I discovered that it was filled with meat!
Edwina: Oh yes. I think the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are 100 jam!
91．A．a(chǎn)t first B．so far C．now and then D．for the time
92．A．spring B．summer C．a(chǎn)utumn D．winter
93．A．indoors B．outdoors C．immediately D．completely
94．A．smart B．quiet C．safe D．clean
95．A．everything B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．something
96．A．crazy B．proper C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．a(chǎn)mazing
97．A．ride bicycles B．complain about drivers C．follow rules D．a(chǎn)rgue about laws
98．A．a(chǎn)lways B．often C．seldom D．never
99．A．horror B．joy C．worry D．excitement
100．A．tasting B．expecting C．touching D．spreading
Passage 1
（2025·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·一模）
The beginning of Spring, Lichun, the first of China’s 24 solar terms, marks the start of the spring season. The term “Li” means beginning, while “Chun” 1 warmth and growth. In the 2 Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new 3 . It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar (公歷) 4 the sun reaches the celestial longitude (經(jīng)度) of 315 degrees. This solar term 5 the end of cold winter and the gradual transition (過渡) to warmer days in nature. Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special 6 . On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring. Villagers usually make a clay sculpture of a cow, which people call “spring cow”. Women take their children to go 7 the cow for three times. It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from 8 . The tradition of 9 special snacks on that day is called “yaochun” in Chinese. It means “biting the spring”. People will wrap (包裹) some vegetables with thin pancakes. There is a long history of eating them on the beginning of Spring. 10 Lichun, people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as “exploring spring” or “spring outings”.
1．A．reminds B．represents C．requires D．rhymes
2．A．interesting B．serious C．traditional D．world-famous
3．A．cycle B．plan C．period D．spirit
4．A．while B．what C．when D．where
5．A．greets B．shapes C．provides D．marks
6．A．causes B．events C．fights D．songs
7．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．a(chǎn)cross C．a(chǎn)long D．a(chǎn)round
8．A．diseases B．exercises C．housework D．schoolwork
9．A．smelling B．noticing C．eating D．touching
10．A．Following B．Meeting C．Protecting D．Showing
Passage 2
（2024·江蘇蘇州·二模）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
In the 1960s, a musical group composed a popular song called Monday: “Every other day of the week is fine. But whenever Monday comes, you can find me crying all of the time.” When talking about days of the week, Monday gets 11 expectation. I surveyed friends, and the 12 were very clear. When asking which day of the week they liked the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday. I disagree with them all. I think Monday is actually the best day of the week.
13 , consider all the good things that happen on Mondays. For example, quite a few public holidays are celebrated on Mondays. Then Monday is the best day to do shopping because there aren’t so many people shopping. Experts say that you can also get the best online deals on Mondays. This is 14 true for electronics, such as computers, TVs, and video games.
To me, however, there’s something even more important about Mondays. Each Monday 15 a new beginning. For example, last week I got behind on my homework and had to give up going to a movie with my friends on the weekend. But 16 Monday arrived, I could start all over again.
I also love Mondays because we usually start new lessons at school at the beginning of the week. While last week’s topics may be 17 , Monday can bring a new book to read, or math problems to solve. Besides, I always become full of energy on Mondays after getting enough sleep at weekends.
I realize that I am probably not going to make everyone believe that Monday is the best day of the week, but hopefully I can 18 a few people to change. The next time a Monday comes, think about all the good things that could happen and look forward to the day instead of 19 it.
There’s no way to 20 Mondays, so join me in making the best of them. Who knows You might even start liking the first day of the workweek.
11．A．much B．some C．little D．a(chǎn)ny
12．A．results B．reasons C．problems D．changes
13．A．In all B．After all C．First of all D．At all
14．A．specially B．especially C．probably D．terribly
15．A．expresses B．presents C．confirms D．represents
16．A．a(chǎn)s well as B．a(chǎn)s soon as C．a(chǎn)s good as D．a(chǎn)s far as
17．A．boring B．interesting C．surprising D．exciting
18．A．force B．order C．a(chǎn)llow D．encourage
19．A．enjoying B．fearing C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．facing
20．A．a(chǎn)void B．receive C．prove D．reduce
Passage 3
（2024·江蘇南京·三模）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
The Silk Road is known to all Chinese. It was an ancient trade way that connected China to other countries. Along this way, many products were traded, 21 spices, silk and food. One of the most important activities of this road was the exchange of currency (貨幣交換).
When people from different places met along the Silk Road, they had to exchange their currencies 22 do the business. However, this was not always 23 , as the value of different currencies is greatly different.
Many places had their own currency 24 and marks, which show their cultural history. For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle, 25 the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers. Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies. For example, the Chinese 26 paper money. It was more convenient (便利的) to carry than 27 coins. This creation completely changed the way people did the 28 and made for modern banking development.
Today, the Silk Road is no longer in use, but it has a great 29 on our life. By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road, you can get a better understanding of the world and the importance of 30 exchanges. If you have a chance to experience it in person, don’t miss it.
21．A．include B．includes C．including D．included
22．A．because of B．in order to C．instead of D．a(chǎn)ccording to
23．A．easy B．difficult C．cheap D．expensive
24．A．colors B．sizes C．weights D．rules
25．A．while B．though C．until D．unless
26．A．chose B．invented C．brought D．left
27．A．smooth B．rough C．light D．heavy
28．A．project B．business C．shopping D．research
29．A．difficulty B．difference C．influence D．decision
30．A．medical B．local C．natural D．cultural
Passage 4
（2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。
I don’t believe in luck, but I seemed to have a lot of the bad kind lately. Last week my washing machine broke. It just wouldn’t wash clothes. I hadn’t had it that long. Like anyone else these days I tried to 31 if I could fix it, but soon realized the repairs would cost more than a new machine would. Then this week my daughter’s washing machine broke. It was an older and 32 one so once again I tried to fix it myself and even called my friend who was good at household repairs to take a look at it. Once again, however, it was too badly 33 to be repaired. I ended up having to 34 two new washing machines.
My 35 traveled back to my childhood. I saw my granny 36 her washing machine. I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers. I still remember the 37 now.
When the washing was done, granny would often pat (拍打) the machine 38 before she took the clothes outside. She grew up handwashing clothes and was 39 the machine that did so much of the work for her.
The good old days had their share of struggles (奮斗) and joys and so do the good new days. What matters is how we live them and 40 we learn from them.
31．A．look out B．find out C．break out D．come out
32．A．better B．nicer C．smarter D．simpler
33．A．dangerous B．broken C．easy D．tidy
34．A．send B．share C．order D．build
35．A．mind B．plan C．interest D．training
36．A．breaking B．buying C．selling D．repairing
37．A．peace B．pain C．joy D．fear
38．A．sadly B．completely C．happily D．widely
39．A．thankful for B．hopeful about C．worried about D．a(chǎn)fraid of
40．A．where B．what C．which D．when
Passage 5
（2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）
Milk tea is a yummy drink. It is 41 by most people all over the world, especially the young. “The first cup of milk tea in Autumn” is very popular on the Internet in China.
There are so many milk tea shops around every street. People have different 42 according to their tastes. There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea. But it is also a good idea to make a cup of milk tea 43 at home. Today DIY is very popular with young people. It can give people real 44 in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.
Here are some steps to make iced milk tea. First, prepare things you need. They are milk, black tea, sugar or honey, and some ice. Then, boil the black tea 45 the water turns light brown. The color of light brown means the tea is 46 . Add a quarter or half cup of ice, and then it will 47 melt (融化) and bring the tea down to a room temperature. Next, pour the milk into the tea, and mix them up. After that, add sugar or honey to make the taste 48 . Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar. Remember not to add too much. Generally, milk tea is cooled in a fridge. If you want to drink iced tea without 49 , you’ll need to add more ice. Finally, it’s great to add 50 you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.
Sharing will double happiness. Let’s enjoy the delicious milk tea with our friends or family members.
41．A．compared B．discovered C．enjoyed D．introduced
42．A．a(chǎn)ctivities B．choices C．prices D．reasons
43．A．by accident B．by hand C．by heart D．by machine
44．A．experience B．courage C．business D．treasure
45．A．a(chǎn)fter B．since C．until D．while
46．A．shiny B．healthy C．ready D．tasty
47．A．hardly B．probably C．widely D．slowly
48．A．better B．fresher C．softer D．worse
49．A．leaving B．moving C．thinking D．waiting
50．A．whatever B．whenever C．wherever D．however
Passage 6
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
As a kid, I often suffered from nosebleeds. My parents had some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and they said this was caused by my love for 51 fruits. Lychees, my favorite, had given me “too much heat”, 52 it didn’t stop me from eating them by the dozens. After we moved from China to Canada, lychees became 53 to find. Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.
As I’ve grown older, my love for unusual fruits has only become 54 . Trying these fruits widens my horizons. Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo 55 at my favorite fruit shop. I bought a couple to make desserts. Its 56 left me wide-eyed. The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days. It was such a rare smell that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination than accept that this fruit just happened to 57 in some people’s backyards.
I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things. But there is one I keep 58 to: the soursop. When it is ripe, it tastes wonderful—it’s hard to describe, somewhat like a combination of orange, banana, pineapple, strawberry and papaya. Wait just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, giving off a(an) 59 smell. This rapid decaying (腐爛的) process is only another 60 that time and tide wait for no man. So don’t let our sweetest days go to waste. “Taste” the joys around us as they come along.
51．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．unusual C．colorful D．delicious
52．A．so B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．because
53．A．unable B．popular C．free D．hard
54．A．stronger B．bigger C．weaker D．thinner
55．A．fell B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．lay D．remained
56．A．shape B．taste C．warmth D．price
57．A．leave B．cover C．pick D．grow
58．A．returning B．learning C．hurrying D．smiling
59．A．different B．further C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．terrible
60．A．a(chǎn)ccident B．beginning C．challenge D．reminder
Passage 7
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）I do believe that everyone is given a chance in life. My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.
We ran a small restaurant and lived over it. From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers. It has 61 a good start in his life. By the age of ten, Gary was in the 62 every weekend, so he always made some pocket money. He also had a lot of self-discipline (自律). He used to 63 even before me in the morning. If you run a family business, it was nice to see him helping out.
Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he 64 so much in the kitchen. By the age of 15, he was 65 any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (負責) the kitchen. He would produce over a hundred meals, and from then on I knew he would go into catering (餐飲業(yè)) because he had that talent. So when he came to me and said, “Dad, I’m required to complete work 66 as part of my course at school.” I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant. I believe he could learn more outside.
Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band. Who knows what will happen to the cooking 67 the music takes off My advice to Gary would be: if you start hunting two rabbits, you end up catching 68 so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch. He understood when I said to him, “Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30. If you haven’t done it by then, it’s too 69 . ”
None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.
I’m really 70 him. I’ve always tried to tell him that if you want something, you’ve got to work hard for it, because nobody gives you anything. He has seen the chance he has been given and caught hold of it with both hands.
61．A．a(chǎn)llowed B．promised C．chosen D．marked
62．A．hall B．kitchen C．shop D．garden
63．A．tidy up B．stay up C．get up D．hurry up
64．A．shone B．a(chǎn)cted C．cared D．changed
65．A．a(chǎn)s careful as B．a(chǎn)s patient as C．a(chǎn)s friendly as D．a(chǎn)s good as
66．A．background B．a(chǎn)chievement C．experience D．knowledge
67．A．unless B．if C．while D．since
68．A．neither B．none C．both D．either
69．A．boring B．late C．helpless D．silly
70．A．proud of B．crazy about C．strict with D．interested in
Passage 8
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
Do you know that there are twelve Chinese zodiac sign, each one represented by an animal Each one of the twelve animals has their own characteristics and attributes, and each year is represented by a 81 animal. For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse, 82 2010 was the year of the Tiger. In Chinese culture, some people believe that a person’s success, personality and marriage are based on the animal of the year in which they were born.
However, the origin of the zodiac signs is based on a legend. Long ago, the Jade Emperor wanted to 83 twelve animals to be his guards. So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a 84 race. The first twelve animals to swim across the fast river would be the winners of the race, and therefore would have a year of the zodiac specially given to 85 .
The Rat came first because he jumped on the back of the Ox to cross the river, and then suddenly jumped down from the Ox and ran to the Emperor’s feet to win first place. As Tiger and Rabbit are both fast and competitive, they both raced to the finish line, with Tiger being faster. Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth. Immediately after, Snake said Dragon was his adopted father, so he came 86 . Then, as Horse and Goat were both 87 and kind to one another, they let each other go first, so they came seventh and eighth. The ninth animal to finish the race was Monkey, as he jumped between trees and stones to catch up with the other animals after falling behind. Finally, the last three animals to finish the race were the Rooster, Dog and Pig.
Some people wonder 88 the cat isn’t one of the twelve Chinese zodiac animals, and many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water, so it was washed away and didn’t 89 the Emperor in time to get a ranking. No wonder cats and rats are always 90 in our daily lives.
The story is well-known in Chinese culture, and although it’s made up, it’s definitely interesting to learn about and tell your friends and family about!
81．A．clever B．similar C．different D．strong
82．A．or B．so C．while D．a(chǎn)fter
83．A．raise B．choose C．catch D．hunt
84．A．swimming B．climbing C．jumping D．jogging
85．A．us B．it C．him D．them
86．A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．tenth
87．A．wise B．equal C．similar D．modest
88．A．if B．why C．whether D．that
89．A．reach B．thank C．catch D．notice
90．A．runners B．friends C．players D．enemies
21世紀教育網(wǎng)(www.21cnjy.com)專題12 完形填空說明文命題規(guī)律探究
目錄
題型綜述 1
解題攻略 3
五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題 3
四種方法智取句組層次題 5
三種方法突破語篇層次題 8
中考練場 15
【題型解讀】
中考完形填空說明文是一種以說明為主要表達方式的文章體裁。它通過對實體事物科學的解說，對客觀事物做出說明或?qū)Τ橄蟮年U釋，使人們對事物的形態(tài)、構造、性質(zhì)、種類、成因、功能，關系或?qū)κ吕淼母拍睢⑻攸c、演變、異同等科學地認識，從而獲得有關的知識。利用說明文的基本特征，對解題有所幫助！
1. 利用說明文的首句查找說明主體
2. 把握說明文的兩種結構模式
(1)總分式。包括＂總—分＂＂分—總＂＂總—分—總＂等具體形式。
(2)遞進式。事理說明文多用遞進式結構，一層一層地剖析事理。具體包括：空間順序——從上到下、從外到內(nèi)、從左到右、從南到北、從遠到近、從中間到四周、從整體到部分；時間順序——按照時間先后順序來安排，事物都有發(fā)生、發(fā)展、消亡的過程；邏輯順序——有些說明文主要是剖析事理的，在說明時就按照事理的邏輯關系進行安排，或者從主到次、從淺到深、從原因到結果，具有嚴密的條理性。
完形填空題以考查實詞為主，主要包括名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞及相關短語。從近幾年中考試題來看，完形填空越來越強調(diào)對上下文以及通篇文章的理解
【命題規(guī)律】
1.句內(nèi)層次題：解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)部，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，邊讀邊填。
2.句組層次題：解題信息分布在設空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后尋找暗示。
3.語篇層次題：解題信息分布在語篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷。
【解題策略】
1.語義優(yōu)先于語法原則
文章的開頭部分尤其是第一句話不設空格，它起到的作用是對所選短文的題材和可能涉及的內(nèi)容作簡單的介紹或提示，并且單純的語法題已從該題型中逐漸消失。如果一味按照語法規(guī)則來選擇答案，就必定陷入了答題誤區(qū)。
2.詞內(nèi)選項句內(nèi)找原則
四個選擇項要么都是詞義相近的名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù)，要么都是近義動詞的同一時態(tài)等，只能根據(jù)上下文的語境作出正確的選擇。如果提供的四個選擇項詞義相差懸殊，則上文或下文肯定有答題提示，有時第一個空格要讀完全文才能回答。
【應試技巧】
1.快速弄清文章大意
對于此類文章我們結合選擇項，進行粗讀或略讀,對文章的大意要先有一個大體的了解。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。
2.弄清楚說明的順序
把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加強對整篇文章的理解。
3.把握文章的組織結構，理清事實細節(jié)
把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達清楚的、邏輯比較嚴密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時，我們一定要仔細研讀文章的開頭和結尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結論。這時，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解細節(jié)的基礎上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對文章進行深層次的理解。
4.注重上下文語境
應逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服"思維定勢"，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項填空。
5.熟練做題方法，遵循四個原則:
(1)上下一致。每個選擇項必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。
(2)語法正確。從語法地角度去考慮動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。
(3) 邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時每個選擇項從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。
(4)符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。
【考點詮釋】
五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題
解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文章的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接做答。對于此類題目，可邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復原。
利用習慣搭配及固定結構解題
完形填空中經(jīng)常會考查一些固定結構、固定句式，這時就需要運用習慣搭配及固定結構來解題。這個技巧主要指慣用搭配，講究詞與詞的搭配，涉及到關聯(lián)詞、動詞、副詞、形容詞、名詞和短語等。
[示例]　I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.
A．chair　　　　　B．sponsor C．a(chǎn)ttend D．organize
[解析]　C　本題可以利用固定結構解題。attend a meeting出席會議，是固定搭配。
利用生活常識和文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識。在做題時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，順利地沿作者的思路閱讀下去。
[示例]　Just last year, I was 56.conducting a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman __57__ the interruption and handed me an envelope.
57．A.regretted B．a(chǎn)voided C．excused D．ignored
[解析]　C　此題可利用生活常識和文化背景解題。作者正在上課，因此根據(jù)生活常識，打斷作者上課應該請求原諒。
3．利用對應成分分析法解題
完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關系，它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應關系。考生可以根據(jù)這種邏輯關系找出與未知填空相對應的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。
[示例]To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
51．A.show B．record C．decrease D．measure
[解析]　C　本題可以利用對應成分分析法解題。第51題與protect形成對應關系。因為前面有and這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應該一致，我們可以很輕松地選出正確答案C項(decrease“減少”)。
[示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
[解析]該題利用相似短語之間的對比關系來命題。設空部分與下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在對比關系。作者想借此說明“相同的作業(yè)”對于“不同家庭背景的學生”所表現(xiàn)出的事實上的不公平。答案C。
4.利用邏輯關系解題
此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關系來確定答案，主要應用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語，二是考查上下文的邏輯關系。
[示例]　We went 10 1 and I was named most valuable player, __28__I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s 29.accident．
28．A.and B．then C．but D．thus
[解析]　C　本題考查連詞。通過分析得知本填空前后文的已知信息是明顯的轉折關系，因此答案是but。and表示并列關系；then表示順承關系；thus表示因果關系。連詞的作用就是將其前后文的已知信息銜接起來，因此可以利用邏輯關系來解題，即通過分析該未知填空前后文的已知信息的邏輯關系來確定本題應該填入表達何種邏輯關系的短語。
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
[解析] A But是這里的語篇標記語，表示轉折關系。由此我們可推測，盡管作者的旅行社經(jīng)紀人總是能給他買到最低價的機票等，但是她冷冰冰的聲音著實讓作者不開心，故annoyed 符合此處語境。
利用語境暗示分析法解題
上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內(nèi)層次中，我們通常可以通過上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[示例]　The 38.trip is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __39__ in Toronto on January 8.
39．A.ending B．calling C．repeating D．staying
[解析]　A　本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。由前面的start可知旅行開始時間，因此我們可以快速地選出ending旅行的結束時間。
[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
[解析] D fresh ideas 與本句后面的newly discovered information對應。
四種方法智取句組層次題
比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即：本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
1．利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結構和語境，利用文章中的復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確的答案。
[示例]　While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手語)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[解析] A　本題可利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。由上文中的explore new aspects of life可知，所填詞與explore(探索)在詞義上相近，故選searching(尋找)。planning計劃；natural自然的；formal正式的。
[示例]　Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
【解析】B 我們可以很容易地找到設空部分的解題線索——上文的復現(xiàn)詞匯 manners。故答案為 B。
[示例]　This is what happens on long submarine（潛水艇） voyages. It will also happen on 47 space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions
47．A.long B.fast C.dangerous D.direct
【解析】A 我們可以很容易地找到設空部分的解題線索——上文的復現(xiàn)詞匯long
[示例]　Many firms already claim to be “customer-driven” or “consumer-centered”. Now their 62 will be tested as never before.
62.A. information B. investment C. claims D. shops
【解析】C 我們可以很容易地找到設空部分的解題線索——上文的復現(xiàn)詞匯claim。
利用作者態(tài)度或感彩關聯(lián)解題
在完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案或根據(jù)作者對人物或事情的褒貶性排除干擾做出正確的選擇。
【示例】Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant.
49. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding
【解析】A 本題考查形容詞辨析，前三個選項往往用來形容人的情感，意思分別是“舒服的”、“壓力的”、“沮喪的”；后一個選項常用來指人的才能，意思是“杰出的、非凡的”。單從語法來說，每一個選項似乎都對，但是結合句意“好的用餐禮儀會使你和你周圍的人感到舒服”，顯然只能選A。
【示例】The law of over learning explains why cramming (突擊學習) for an examination, 62(though) it may result in a passing grade, is not a 63 way to learn a school course.
63. A. convenient B. demanding C. satisfactory D. swift
【解析】讀懂作者的態(tài)度，即可理解本句意為“超量學習的原理解釋了為什么雖然應付考試的突擊學習可以幫助你及格，但不是一種學習學校課程的好方法”。這里的“好”就是“令人滿意的”，最能體現(xiàn)作者對事物的態(tài)度，所以答案為C。
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however, these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．a(chǎn)nnoying C．common D．valuable
【解析】B 結合上下文，意思是在狹小的空間里呆的時間過長，平時習慣的小動作也變得令人不能容忍了。上文they begin to feel uneasy是提示。A項“令人高興的”、C項“普通的”、D項“有價值的”意思都不符合語境。只有B項annoying與上文中的uneasy在作者的情感態(tài)度上最接近。
3．利用邏輯關系解題
在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關系，若在解題時忽視這一點，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對照、遞進、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設置選項，因此在平時學習時就應該分清并牢記相關連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關系。
[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
【解析】 A 你之所以在朋友家或餐館的用餐禮儀比在自家時要好，是因為你知道人們會據(jù)此來評判一個人文明程度。不難判斷 “you are aware that people judge you by your table manners”是表達前文的理由，用連詞because。
[示例]　A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on.
59. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable
【解析】　該題利用相似短語之間的對比關系來命題。設空部分與下文的a small, noisy room with the television on存在對比關系。作者想借此說明“相同的作業(yè)”對于“不同家庭背景的學生”所表現(xiàn)出的事實上的不公平。答案為C。
4．利用語境暗示分析法解題
在句組層次中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。
[示例]　During the war,my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.I went to live there...... My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty,and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone...... 24 a soul to talk to . The wind blew non-stop ,and all the food I ate ,and the evry air I breathed,were 25 with sand , sand , sand !
24. A. Only B. Not C. Many D.Such
【解析】：上下文語境分析法。根據(jù)上文a desert和alone，可知，沒有一個人可以交談。A.僅僅；B. 沒有；C.很多；D.這樣。故選B。
三種方法突破語篇層次題
語篇層次題要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進行準確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇。這類題難度較大，一篇完形填空中，大約有2～3道此類題。
不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合思維再做判定。語篇層次題的解答必須立足于整個語篇，因此在解題時對這類題目不能急于解答，要跨越段落，順藤摸瓜，仔細比對，最終得出答案。具體來說，可以利用以下3種方法解答此類題目。
利用語義復現(xiàn)解題
由于完形填空的文章是一個意義相關聯(lián)的語篇，它往往要圍繞一個話題論述，因此行文中詞語的重復、替代或同現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象是不可避免的，即某一詞常常以原詞、同義詞或近義詞以及其它形式重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。詞匯復現(xiàn)的語用意義使得語篇中的句子相互銜接和連貫，從而構成一個完整和有機的意義整體。根據(jù)這一原則，某一個空格所對應的答案很可能就是在上下文中復現(xiàn)的相關詞，考生可以這些詞之間的有機聯(lián)系來決定答案。
[示例] In 2012, I had just recovered from a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) 36 might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I 37 went .
36. A.holiday B.ceremony C.operation D.experiment
....
I' ll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her 55 kindness , filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.
[解析] A 考察名詞詞義辨析及上下文串聯(lián)。A假期；B儀式；C手術；D實驗；句義：在2012年我剛剛從一次嚴重的疾病中恢復過來，我收到了一個邀請我去奧蘭多參加作家會議。我家人說服我一個這樣的假期也許是醫(yī)生要求我做的事情。生病的人需要假期來恢復身心。另外根據(jù)文章最后一句filled my brief holiday in Florida可知也應該指假期。
利用總分結構或?qū)Ρ冉Y構分析法解題
完形填空往往采用總分對照結構，總述是對分述的總結和概括，而分述是對總述的展開和詳述，兩者之間有著明確的相互支撐、相互印證的對照關系。總分對照結構可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。
對比結構常把兩種對立的事物或同一事物的兩個不同方面并列出來加以比較或?qū)Ρ取８呖纪晷翁羁疹}常常利用句子之間的對比關系或者同一個句子的不同部分之間的對比關系設計題目。對比結構可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。
[示例]　He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest
【解析】　這兩題均考查根據(jù)上下文選擇正確的名詞。上句意為“……書中討論到緊張的情緒和消極的。。。都會損害人體組織和健康”。緊接著下句，意為“這本書使Cousins考慮到，積極的態(tài)度和情感可能帶來的.....”。上句中的negative attitude, damaged等詞與下句中的positive attitude, benefit形成對照，是解題關鍵。故47題A選項為正確答案；48題C為正確答案。
[示例] Be someone else! Look at the situation from a __62__ point of view. Good businessmen use this technique in trade, and so do writers. Fiction writers often imagine they are the __63__ in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want Why can’t she get it What changes must she make to get what she wants If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their __64__. The best fishermen think like fish!
A. private B. global C. different D. practical
【解析】C 。只要用心都會注意到該段的開頭一句話：Be someone else! 充當?shù)淖饔茫嚎傤I該段。故此選答案時應該照顧上下文。
利用邏輯關系解題
在語篇層次題中，利用邏輯關系也是一種重要解題方法。完形填空中的每一個空格并非孤立存在的，命題者必須通過上下文體現(xiàn)出某種線索來保證空格所填答案的唯一性，而這一線索即是上下文乃至貫穿全文的邏輯關系，若在解題時忽視這一點，則無異于只見樹木，不見森林。文章的邏輯關系不外乎有列舉、因果、讓步、對照、遞進、目的、條件等，命題者往往借助于連詞或介詞短語來設置選項，因此在平時學習時就應該分清并牢記相關連詞及介詞短語所表示的邏輯關系。
[示例] Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as you have at the end of an assignment. 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise every step of the way.
56. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Therefore
【解析】：B 副詞Moreover類似與but also表遞進含義，與前面句not just（only）呼應。副詞However（然而，表轉折關系）、Instead（作為替代、反而，表相反含義）、Therefore（因此，表原因）都不符題意。
【典題舉隅】
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
The other day our English teacher asked us to read an article in the textbook called “Stonehenge—Can Anyone Explain Why It Is There ” While reading, I couldn’t stop thinking of my 71 of Stonehenge last summer when my family went to the UK. It is one of the most wonderful experiences I’ve ever had.
Stonehenge is a 72 stone group made up of a large number of heavy stones. It is said that they were put together almost 5,000 years ago. It took us about two hours to get there from London by bus.
When we 73 there at about 10 a.m., visitors of all ages had already begun their trips. I could not wait to join them. Some men 74 uniforms guided us to walk along the paths around the large stone monuments (石碑). Walking along them, I felt like stepping back 5,000 years. I 75 each stone might weigh several tons. Looking at them in amazement, I wanted to know how ancient people could make those large stones stand without the help of modern 76 . Questions came into my mind: Why did they build Stonehenge How long did it take them to build it I could not 77 how many people worked together to build these monuments. The true purpose of building Stonehenge may remain a mystery. But its 78 to attract and encourage people has lasted for thousands of years. Without great teamwork, Stonehenge would never have been built.
As we stopped to take pictures, I saw a blonde girl 79 the stone monuments. She was getting inspiration (靈感) from them for her artwork.
Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for 80 . If you ever get the chance to visit England, take the time to see the great stone monuments for yourself.
71．A．task B．tour C．treat D．trade
72．A．tiny B．huge C．usual D．slight
73．A．left B．moved C．waited D．a(chǎn)rrived
74．A．in B．on C．a(chǎn)t D．with
75．A．guessed B．counted C．decided D．wondered
76．A．medicine B．education C．technology D．a(chǎn)griculture
77．A．doubt B．a(chǎn)gree C．imagine D．manage
78．A．power B．pride C．progress D．problem
79．A．hearing B．writing C．drawing D．introducing
80．A．days B．weeks C．months D．centuries
【答案】
71．B 72．B 73．D 74．A 75．A 76．C 77．C 78．A 79．C 80．D
【導語】本文介紹了英國著名的巨石陣，作者回憶了去年夏天與家人參觀的經(jīng)歷。文章描述了巨石陣的歷史悠久、由大量重石組成的特點，以及作者參觀時的感受。作者驚嘆于古代人的建筑技術和巨石陣對人們的吸引力，并建議有機會一定要親自去看看這些偉大的石碑。
71．句意：閱讀時，我情不自禁地想起去年夏天我們?nèi)胰ビ糜螘r參觀的巨石陣。
task任務；tour游覽；treat款待；trade貿(mào)易。根據(jù)“my ... of Stonehenge last summer”可知，是去年去游覽巨石陣。故選B。
72．句意：巨石陣是一個巨大的石頭群，由大量沉重的石頭組成。
tiny極小的；huge巨大的；usual通常的；slight輕微的。根據(jù)“Stonehenge is a ... stone group”可知，巨石陣是一個巨大的石頭群。故選B。
73．句意：當我們在上午10點左右到達那里時，各個年齡段的游客都已經(jīng)開始了他們的旅行。
left離開；moved移動；waited等待；arrived到達。根據(jù)“When we ... there at about 10 a.m.”可知，此處指的是上午十點左右到達那里的時候。故選D。
74．句意：一些穿著制服的人引導我們沿著大型石碑周圍的小路行走。
in穿著；on在上面；at在；with和。根據(jù)“Some men ... uniforms”可知，是穿著制服的人們。故選A。
75．句意：我猜每塊石頭可能有幾噸重。
guessed猜測；counted數(shù)；decided決定；wondered想知道。根據(jù)“I ... each stone might weigh several tons.”可知，猜測每塊石頭可能有幾噸重。故選A。
76．句意：我驚奇地看著它們，想知道古人是如何在沒有現(xiàn)代技術的幫助下使這些巨石屹立不倒的。
medicine藥；education教育；technology技術；agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)。根據(jù)“without the help of modern”可知，此處指的是沒有現(xiàn)代技術的幫助。故選C。
77．句意：我無法想象有多少人共同努力建造這些石碑。
doubt懷疑；agree同意；imagine想象；manage管理。根據(jù)“I could not... how many people worked together to build these monuments.”可知，是無法想象有多少人共同努力建造這些石碑。故選C。
78．句意：但它吸引和鼓勵人們的力量已經(jīng)持續(xù)了數(shù)千年。
power力量；pride自豪；progress進展；problem問題。根據(jù)“attract and encourage people”可知，是吸引和鼓勵人們的力量。故選A。
79．句意：當我們停下來拍照時，我看到一個金發(fā)女孩在畫石碑。
hearing聽見；writing寫；drawing畫；introducing介紹。根據(jù)“She was getting inspiration (靈感) from them for her artwork.”可知，提到了藝術作品，所以此處應該是在畫石碑。故選C。
80．句意：巨石陣是一個偉大的地方，幾個世紀以來一直讓世界各地的人們驚嘆不已。
days天；weeks周；months月；centuries世紀。根據(jù)“Stonehenge is a very great place that has amazed people from all over the world for”可知，巨石陣幾個世紀以來一直讓人們驚嘆不已。故選D。
（2024·江蘇蘇州·二模）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A Taste of Finnish Culture
Some students came to Finland to study at Helsinki University. They are sitting in a city cafe after one of their classes.
Kirsten: Talking about Finns and Finland, what do you guys think about living here 91
Edwina: I must tell you guys that I was quite pleasantly surprised at the weather when I first arrived here in the middle of 92 . The temperature was minus 15. I thought I was going to die! But I don’t freeze 93 in Finland, because all the buildings are so well heated. I freeze more in Scotland than I do here.
Vishal: True. And the summertime is lovely, though. Another thing I really like about living in Finland is that it’s really 94 , at least compared to Mumbai! One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily. The most surprising thing was that 95 had been taken from it!
Kirsten: That’s pretty 96 . It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.
Edwina: People here 97 a lot. For example, almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.
Kirsten: You’re right! I remember I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way. That made me decide 98 to do it again!
Vishal: That’s funny! In India, people don’t do that!
Joseph: Well, another thing that can be funny is Finnish food. One day, soon after getting to Finland, I felt like having something sweet. I went into the comer shop and I saw that there were freshly baked doughnuts on the bread counter. “Excellent!” I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into. But imagine my 99 when I discovered that it was filled with meat!
Edwina: Oh yes. I think the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are 100 jam!
91．A．a(chǎn)t first B．so far C．now and then D．for the time
92．A．spring B．summer C．a(chǎn)utumn D．winter
93．A．indoors B．outdoors C．immediately D．completely
94．A．smart B．quiet C．safe D．clean
95．A．everything B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．something
96．A．crazy B．proper C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．a(chǎn)mazing
97．A．ride bicycles B．complain about drivers C．follow rules D．a(chǎn)rgue about laws
98．A．a(chǎn)lways B．often C．seldom D．never
99．A．horror B．joy C．worry D．excitement
100．A．tasting B．expecting C．touching D．spreading
【答案】
91．B 92．D 93．A 94．C 95．C 96．D 97．C 98．D 99．A 100．B
【導語】本文主要介紹了一些學生對芬蘭人和芬蘭的看法。
91．句意：談到芬蘭人和芬蘭，到目前為止你們覺得住在這里怎么樣？
at first首先；so far到目前為止；now and then偶爾；for the time暫時。根據(jù)“what do you guys think about living here”可知，是指詢問到目前為止的看法。故選B。
92．句意：我必須告訴你們，我初到這里時，在冬季的中期，天氣非常令人驚喜。
spring春天；summer夏天；autumn秋天；winter冬天。根據(jù)“The temperature was minus 15.”可知，溫度很低，應是指在冬天。故選D。
93．句意：但在芬蘭，我不會在室內(nèi)凍僵，因為所有的建筑物都是供暖很好。
indoors在室內(nèi)；outdoors在戶外；immediately立即；completely完全地。根據(jù)“because all the buildings are so well heated.”可知，在室內(nèi)不會凍僵。故選A。
94．句意：我很喜歡住在芬蘭的另一點是它真的很安全，至少與孟買相比！
smart聰明的；quiet安靜的；safe安全的；clean干凈的。根據(jù)“One day, when I was walking home, I dropped my wallet. When I noticed this, I thought it would be stolen for sure. But I found that someone had put my wallet on top of a bench so that I would find it more easily.”可知，住在芬蘭很安全。故選C。
95．句意：最讓人吃驚的是，里面什么都沒有被拿走！
everything一切；anything任何事；nothing沒有什么；something某物。根據(jù)“The most surprising thing”及前文介紹丟失了錢包可知，此處是指發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包里什么都沒有被拿走，這是很令人吃驚的。故選C。
96．句意：這真是太令人驚嘆了。
crazy瘋狂的；proper合適的；attractive有吸引力的；amazing令人驚嘆的。根據(jù)“It always makes me smile to see all the lost things.”可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的東西沒有丟，是很令人驚嘆的。故選D。
97．句意：這里的人很遵守規(guī)則。
ride bicycles騎自行車；complain about drivers抱怨司機；follow rules遵守規(guī)則；argue about laws爭論法律。根據(jù)“almost no one crosses the road when the light is red, even if there are no cars coming.”可知，這里的人遵守規(guī)則。故選C。
98．句意：這讓我決定再也不那樣做了！
always總是；often經(jīng)常；seldom很少；never從不。根據(jù)“I once crossed the road when the light was red. People waiting on the other side looked at me in a very annoyed way.”可知，有一次我在紅燈時過馬路，對面的人以惱怒的方式看著我，這讓我決定不再闖紅燈了。故選D。
99．句意：但是想象一下當我發(fā)現(xiàn)里面全是肉的時候我有多么的害怕！
horror恐懼；joy歡樂；worry擔心；excitement興奮。根據(jù)“‘Excellent!’ I thought, and I chose a big doughnut to sink my teeth into.”及But表轉折可知，我原以為甜甜圈很不錯，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)里面全是肉，這讓我很恐懼。故選A。
100．句意：我覺得肉餡確實很好吃，但不是當你期待果醬的時候！
tasting品嘗；expecting期待；touching觸摸；spreading傳播。根據(jù)“the meat filling is actually quite nice but not when you are ... jam”可知，肉餡其實很好吃，但是在你沒有期待果醬的時候。故選B。
Passage 1
（2025·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·一模）
The beginning of Spring, Lichun, the first of China’s 24 solar terms, marks the start of the spring season. The term “Li” means beginning, while “Chun” 1 warmth and growth. In the 2 Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new 3 . It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar (公歷) 4 the sun reaches the celestial longitude (經(jīng)度) of 315 degrees. This solar term 5 the end of cold winter and the gradual transition (過渡) to warmer days in nature. Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special 6 . On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring. Villagers usually make a clay sculpture of a cow, which people call “spring cow”. Women take their children to go 7 the cow for three times. It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from 8 . The tradition of 9 special snacks on that day is called “yaochun” in Chinese. It means “biting the spring”. People will wrap (包裹) some vegetables with thin pancakes. There is a long history of eating them on the beginning of Spring. 10 Lichun, people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as “exploring spring” or “spring outings”.
1．A．reminds B．represents C．requires D．rhymes
2．A．interesting B．serious C．traditional D．world-famous
3．A．cycle B．plan C．period D．spirit
4．A．while B．what C．when D．where
5．A．greets B．shapes C．provides D．marks
6．A．causes B．events C．fights D．songs
7．A．a(chǎn)gainst B．a(chǎn)cross C．a(chǎn)long D．a(chǎn)round
8．A．diseases B．exercises C．housework D．schoolwork
9．A．smelling B．noticing C．eating D．touching
10．A．Following B．Meeting C．Protecting D．Showing
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．A
【導語】本文主要講述了立春的含義、時間以及一些習俗。
1．句意：“立”意味著開始，而“春”意味著溫暖和成長。
reminds提醒；represents代表；requires要求；rhymes押韻。根據(jù)“The term ‘Li’ means beginning, while ‘Chun’…warmth and growth.”可知，此處表達“春”代表著溫暖和成長。故選B。
2．句意：在中國傳統(tǒng)的日歷系統(tǒng)中，立春代表著春天的到來和新一輪循環(huán)的開始。
interesting有趣的；serious嚴肅的；traditional傳統(tǒng)的；world-famous世界著名的。根據(jù)“In the…Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new…”可知，此處表達中國傳統(tǒng)的日歷系統(tǒng)。故選C。
3．句意：在中國傳統(tǒng)的日歷系統(tǒng)中，立春代表著春天的到來和新一輪循環(huán)的開始。
cycle循環(huán)；plan計劃；period時期；spirit精神。根據(jù)“In the…Chinese calendar system, Lichun stands for the arrival of spring and the start of a new…”可知，此處表達立春是新一輪循環(huán)的開始。故選A。
4．句意：它通常發(fā)生在公歷2月3日至5日之間，此時太陽到達經(jīng)度315度。
while然而；what什么；when什么時候；where哪里。根據(jù)“It often falls between February 3rd and 5th in the Gregorian calendar…the sun reaches the celestial longitude of 315 degrees.”可知，此處表達當太陽到達經(jīng)度315度的時候。故選C。
5．句意：這個節(jié)氣標志著寒冷的冬天結束，自然界逐漸過渡到溫暖的日子。
greets問候；shapes形成；provides提供；marks標志。根據(jù)“This solar term…the end of cold winter and the gradual transition to warmer days in nature.”可知，此處表達這個節(jié)氣標志著寒冷的冬天結束。故選D。
6．句意：中國農(nóng)民用特別的活動來慶祝春天的開始。
causes原因；events事件；fights戰(zhàn)斗；songs歌曲。根據(jù)“Chinese farmers celebrate the beginning of Spring with special…On that day, villagers usually hold ceremonies to welcome the spring.”可知，此處表達農(nóng)民用特別的活動來慶祝春天的開始。故選B。
7．句意：女人帶著孩子圍著牛轉三圈。
against反對；across穿過；along沿著；around圍繞。根據(jù)“Women take their children to go…the cow for three times.”可知，此處指女人帶著孩子圍著牛轉三圈。故選D。
8．句意：據(jù)說這樣可以讓孩子們遠離疾病。
diseases疾病；exercises鍛煉；housework家務；schoolwork家庭作業(yè)。根據(jù)“It’s said that in this way the children can be kept away from…”可知，此處指帶著孩子圍著春牛轉三圈可以讓孩子們遠離疾病。故選A。
9．句意：在那一天吃特殊小吃的傳統(tǒng)在中國被稱為“咬春”。
smelling聞；noticing注意；eating吃；touching觸摸。根據(jù)“The tradition of…special snacks on that day is called ‘yaochun’ in Chinese.”可知，此處指那一天特殊的小吃。故選C。
10．句意：在立春之后，人們?nèi)敉鈸肀㈤_的季節(jié)，這一傳統(tǒng)被稱為“探索春天”或“春游”。
Following跟隨；Meeting遇見；Protecting保護；Showing展示。根據(jù)“…people go outdoors to hug the blossoming season, a tradition known as ‘exploring spring’ or ‘spring outings’.”可知，此處表達在立春之后，人們?nèi)敉狻９蔬xA。
Passage 2
（2024·江蘇蘇州·二模）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
In the 1960s, a musical group composed a popular song called Monday: “Every other day of the week is fine. But whenever Monday comes, you can find me crying all of the time.” When talking about days of the week, Monday gets 11 expectation. I surveyed friends, and the 12 were very clear. When asking which day of the week they liked the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday. I disagree with them all. I think Monday is actually the best day of the week.
13 , consider all the good things that happen on Mondays. For example, quite a few public holidays are celebrated on Mondays. Then Monday is the best day to do shopping because there aren’t so many people shopping. Experts say that you can also get the best online deals on Mondays. This is 14 true for electronics, such as computers, TVs, and video games.
To me, however, there’s something even more important about Mondays. Each Monday 15 a new beginning. For example, last week I got behind on my homework and had to give up going to a movie with my friends on the weekend. But 16 Monday arrived, I could start all over again.
I also love Mondays because we usually start new lessons at school at the beginning of the week. While last week’s topics may be 17 , Monday can bring a new book to read, or math problems to solve. Besides, I always become full of energy on Mondays after getting enough sleep at weekends.
I realize that I am probably not going to make everyone believe that Monday is the best day of the week, but hopefully I can 18 a few people to change. The next time a Monday comes, think about all the good things that could happen and look forward to the day instead of 19 it.
There’s no way to 20 Mondays, so join me in making the best of them. Who knows You might even start liking the first day of the workweek.
11．A．much B．some C．little D．a(chǎn)ny
12．A．results B．reasons C．problems D．changes
13．A．In all B．After all C．First of all D．At all
14．A．specially B．especially C．probably D．terribly
15．A．expresses B．presents C．confirms D．represents
16．A．a(chǎn)s well as B．a(chǎn)s soon as C．a(chǎn)s good as D．a(chǎn)s far as
17．A．boring B．interesting C．surprising D．exciting
18．A．force B．order C．a(chǎn)llow D．encourage
19．A．enjoying B．fearing C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．facing
20．A．a(chǎn)void B．receive C．prove D．reduce
【答案】
11．C 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．A
【導語】本文主要向我們介紹作者認為一周中最好的一天是星期一及其原因。
11．句意：當談到一周中的幾天時，人們對星期一的期望很少。
much很多；some一些；little很少；any任何。由下文“When asking which day of the week they like the least, 90 percent of them chose Monday.”可知，很多人不喜歡周一，對周一的期待必然很少。故選C。
12．句意：我調(diào)查了朋友，結果很清楚。
results結果；reasons原因；problems問題；changes變化。根據(jù)下文可知，緊跟其后是關于作者做的這個調(diào)查的“結果”。故選A。
13．句意：首先，想想星期一發(fā)生的所有好事。
In all總共；After all畢竟；First of all首先；At all通常要和not搭配使用，表示一點也不。根據(jù)上文可知，這里開始陳述作者喜歡周一的原因，且下文有“Then”相呼應，應是首先。故選C。
14．句意：對于電子產(chǎn)品來說尤其如此，比如電腦、電視和視頻游戲。
specially特別地；especially特別是；probably可能；terribly非常。根據(jù)上文可知這里進一步說明電子產(chǎn)品“尤其”如此。故選B。
15．句意：每個星期一都代表著一個新的開始。
expresses表達；presents呈現(xiàn)；confirms確認；represents代表。由下文“Monday arrived, I could start all over again”可知，指周一“代表”著新的開始。故選D。
16．句意：但是一到星期一，我就可以重新開始了。
as well as以及；as soon as一……就……；as good as和……一樣好；as far as就目前而言。由“Monday arrived”可知，這里指“一到”周一就可以重新開始。故選B。
17．句意：雖然上周的主題可能很無聊，但周一可以讀一本新書，或者解決一些數(shù)學問題。
boring無聊；interesting有趣；surprising令人驚訝；exciting令人興奮。由上下文可知，前后是轉折關系，指雖然上周的主題可能“無聊”，但周一可以重新開始。故選A。
18．句意：我意識到我可能不會讓每個人都相信周一是一周中最好的一天，但我希望我能鼓勵一些人改變。
force強制；order命令；allow允許；encourage鼓勵。前后是轉折關系，根據(jù)語境及全文內(nèi)容可知作者希望通過自己的陳述“鼓勵”一些不喜歡周一的人愛上周一。故選D。
19．句意：下次星期一來臨的時候，想想所有可能發(fā)生的好事，期待這一天，而不是害怕它。
enjoying享受；fearing害怕；accepting接受；facing面對。由“l(fā)ook forward to the day instead of...”可知是期待而不是害怕，空格詞應該與“l(fā)ook forward to”相反。故選B。
20．句意：沒有辦法避免星期一，所以和我一起好好利用星期一吧。
avoid避免；receive收到；prove證明；reduce減少。由語境可知，很多人不喜歡周一，故作者總結“逃避”周一是不可能的。故選A。
Passage 3
（2024·江蘇南京·三模）閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
The Silk Road is known to all Chinese. It was an ancient trade way that connected China to other countries. Along this way, many products were traded, 21 spices, silk and food. One of the most important activities of this road was the exchange of currency (貨幣交換).
When people from different places met along the Silk Road, they had to exchange their currencies 22 do the business. However, this was not always 23 , as the value of different currencies is greatly different.
Many places had their own currency 24 and marks, which show their cultural history. For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle, 25 the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers. Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies. For example, the Chinese 26 paper money. It was more convenient (便利的) to carry than 27 coins. This creation completely changed the way people did the 28 and made for modern banking development.
Today, the Silk Road is no longer in use, but it has a great 29 on our life. By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road, you can get a better understanding of the world and the importance of 30 exchanges. If you have a chance to experience it in person, don’t miss it.
21．A．include B．includes C．including D．included
22．A．because of B．in order to C．instead of D．a(chǎn)ccording to
23．A．easy B．difficult C．cheap D．expensive
24．A．colors B．sizes C．weights D．rules
25．A．while B．though C．until D．unless
26．A．chose B．invented C．brought D．left
27．A．smooth B．rough C．light D．heavy
28．A．project B．business C．shopping D．research
29．A．difficulty B．difference C．influence D．decision
30．A．medical B．local C．natural D．cultural
【答案】
21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．D
【導語】本文主要介紹了絲綢之路和貨幣交換的發(fā)展歷史以及對現(xiàn)在的影響。
21．句意：沿著這條路，許多產(chǎn)品被交易，包括香料、絲綢和食品。
include包括，動詞原形；includes第三人稱單數(shù)形式；including介詞，包括；included包括，動詞過去式。根據(jù)“...spices, silk and food”可知，此處應填介詞，表示列舉。故選C。
22．句意：當來自不同地方的人們沿著絲綢之路相遇時，他們必須交換他們的貨幣以完成交易。
because of因為；in order to為了；instead of而不是；according to通過。根據(jù)“exchange their currencies...do the business”可知，交換貨幣是為了完成商業(yè)貿(mào)易。故選B。
23．句意：然而，這并不總是那么容易，因為不同貨幣的價值差別很大。
easy容易；difficult困難的；cheap便宜點；expensive昂貴的。根據(jù)“as the value of different currencies is greatly different”可知，此處表示不容易的。故選A。
24．句意：許多地方都有自己的貨幣規(guī)則和標志，這顯示了他們的文化歷史。
colors顏色；sizes尺碼；weights重量；rules規(guī)則。根據(jù)“For example, the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle,...the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers.”可知，此處是指貨幣規(guī)則。故選D。
25．句意：例如，中國人使用中間有一個方孔的硬幣，而波斯人使用帶有統(tǒng)治者標志的硬幣。
while然而；though盡管；until直到；unless除非。根據(jù)上文“the Chinese used coins with a square hole in the middle”和下文“the Persians used coins with marks of their rulers”可知，上下文之間是轉折關系。故選A。
26．句意：例如，中國人發(fā)明了紙幣。
chose選擇；invented發(fā)明；brought帶來；left離開。根據(jù)上文“Currency exchange also led to the development of new technologies.”可知，此處是指發(fā)明了紙幣。故選B。
27．句意：它比沉重的硬幣攜帶起來更方便。
smooth順滑的；rough粗糙的；light輕的；heavy重的。根據(jù)“It was more convenient to carry than...coins.”可知，此處是指與硬幣相比，紙幣更方便攜帶。故選D。
28．句意：這一發(fā)明徹底改變了人們做生意的方式，促進了現(xiàn)代銀行業(yè)的發(fā)展。
project工程；business生意；shopping購物；research研究。根據(jù)“This creation completely changed the way people did the...and made for modern banking development.”可知，此處表示徹底改變了人們做生意的方式。故選B。
29．句意：今天，絲綢之路不再使用，但它對我們的生活有很大的影響。
difficulty困難；difference不同；influence影響；decision決定。have an influence on...“對……有影響”。故選C。
30．句意：通過研究絲綢之路上的貨幣文化，你可以更好地了解世界和文化交流的重要性。
medical醫(yī)學的；local本地的；natural自然的；cultural文化的。根據(jù)“By studying the currency culture on the Silk Road”可知，此處是指文化交流的重要性。故選D。
Passage 4
（2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選擇最佳選項。
I don’t believe in luck, but I seemed to have a lot of the bad kind lately. Last week my washing machine broke. It just wouldn’t wash clothes. I hadn’t had it that long. Like anyone else these days I tried to 31 if I could fix it, but soon realized the repairs would cost more than a new machine would. Then this week my daughter’s washing machine broke. It was an older and 32 one so once again I tried to fix it myself and even called my friend who was good at household repairs to take a look at it. Once again, however, it was too badly 33 to be repaired. I ended up having to 34 two new washing machines.
My 35 traveled back to my childhood. I saw my granny 36 her washing machine. I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers. I still remember the 37 now.
When the washing was done, granny would often pat (拍打) the machine 38 before she took the clothes outside. She grew up handwashing clothes and was 39 the machine that did so much of the work for her.
The good old days had their share of struggles (奮斗) and joys and so do the good new days. What matters is how we live them and 40 we learn from them.
31．A．look out B．find out C．break out D．come out
32．A．better B．nicer C．smarter D．simpler
33．A．dangerous B．broken C．easy D．tidy
34．A．send B．share C．order D．build
35．A．mind B．plan C．interest D．training
36．A．breaking B．buying C．selling D．repairing
37．A．peace B．pain C．joy D．fear
38．A．sadly B．completely C．happily D．widely
39．A．thankful for B．hopeful about C．worried about D．a(chǎn)fraid of
40．A．where B．what C．which D．when
【答案】
31．B 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．B
【導語】本文講述作者在面對洗衣機故障時的經(jīng)歷和感受，以及作者對過去和現(xiàn)在生活的思考。
31．句意：這些天來，和其他人一樣，我也想看看能不能修好它，但很快我就意識到，修理它比買一臺新機器還要貴。
look out向外看，小心；find out找出；break out爆發(fā)；come out出版。根據(jù)“I tried to ... if I could fix it”可知，作者試圖找到修理洗衣機的方法。故選B。
32．句意：它是一個舊的和簡單的，所以我再一次試圖自己修理它，甚至打電話給我的朋友，他擅長家庭維修看看它。
better更好的；nicer良好的；smarter更聰明的；simpler更簡單的。根據(jù)“I tried to fix it myself ”可知作者試圖自己修理，推知這個洗衣機的構造不復雜。故選D。
33．句意：然而，再一次地，它壞得太嚴重，無法修復。
dangerous危險的；broken損壞的；easy容易的；tidy整潔的。根據(jù)“it was too badly ... to be repaired”可知，洗衣機損壞嚴重，無法修復。故選B。
34．句意：我最后不得不訂購兩臺新洗衣機。
send寄送；share分享；order訂購；build建造。根據(jù)“I ended up having to ... two new washing machines.”及前文可知，洗衣機損壞嚴重，且無法修理，因此不得不訂購兩臺新的洗衣機。故選C。
35．句意：我的思緒回到了童年。
mind想法，思緒；plan計劃；interest興趣；training訓練。根據(jù)“My ... traveled back to my childhood.”可知，此處指作者的思緒回到了童年。故選A。
36．句意：我看見奶奶在修理她的洗衣機。
breaking打破；buying購買；selling售賣；repairing修理。根據(jù)“I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers.”可知，作者想幫助奶奶修理洗衣機。故選D。
37．句意：我現(xiàn)在還記得（當時的）疼痛。
peace和平；pain疼痛；joy快樂；fear害怕。根據(jù)“I foolishly tried to help and hurt my fingers.”可知，現(xiàn)在還記得當時手指的疼痛。故選B。
38．句意：洗完衣服后，奶奶總是高興地拍拍洗衣機，然后把衣服拿出去。
sadly難過地；completely完全地；happily開心地；widely廣泛地。根據(jù)“granny would often pat (拍打) the machine ... before she took the clothes outside.”及“She grew up handwashing clothes and was ... the machine that did so much of the work for her.”可知，奶奶從小都是手洗衣服，她認為洗衣機幫助她做了很多工作，因此奶奶常常在把衣服拿出來之前開心地拍拍洗衣機。故選C。
39．句意：她是手洗衣服長大的，她很感激機器為她做了這么多的工作。
thankful for感謝；hopeful about對……充滿希望；worried about擔心；afraid of害怕。根據(jù)“was ... the machine that did so much of the work for her.”可知，奶奶感謝洗衣機為她做的工作。故選A。
40．句意：重要的是我們?nèi)绾紊睿约拔覀儚闹袑W到什么。
where在哪里；what什么；which哪一個；when什么時候。根據(jù)“we learn from them”可知從句缺少賓語，what符合語境，表示“我們能從中學到什么”。故選B。
Passage 5
（2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·二模）
Milk tea is a yummy drink. It is 41 by most people all over the world, especially the young. “The first cup of milk tea in Autumn” is very popular on the Internet in China.
There are so many milk tea shops around every street. People have different 42 according to their tastes. There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea. But it is also a good idea to make a cup of milk tea 43 at home. Today DIY is very popular with young people. It can give people real 44 in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.
Here are some steps to make iced milk tea. First, prepare things you need. They are milk, black tea, sugar or honey, and some ice. Then, boil the black tea 45 the water turns light brown. The color of light brown means the tea is 46 . Add a quarter or half cup of ice, and then it will 47 melt (融化) and bring the tea down to a room temperature. Next, pour the milk into the tea, and mix them up. After that, add sugar or honey to make the taste 48 . Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar. Remember not to add too much. Generally, milk tea is cooled in a fridge. If you want to drink iced tea without 49 , you’ll need to add more ice. Finally, it’s great to add 50 you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.
Sharing will double happiness. Let’s enjoy the delicious milk tea with our friends or family members.
41．A．compared B．discovered C．enjoyed D．introduced
42．A．a(chǎn)ctivities B．choices C．prices D．reasons
43．A．by accident B．by hand C．by heart D．by machine
44．A．experience B．courage C．business D．treasure
45．A．a(chǎn)fter B．since C．until D．while
46．A．shiny B．healthy C．ready D．tasty
47．A．hardly B．probably C．widely D．slowly
48．A．better B．fresher C．softer D．worse
49．A．leaving B．moving C．thinking D．waiting
50．A．whatever B．whenever C．wherever D．however
【答案】
41．C 42．B 43．B 44．A 45．C 46．C 47．D 48．A 49．D 50．A
【導語】本文介紹了自制冰奶茶的步驟。
41．句意：全世界大多數(shù)人都喜歡它，尤其是年輕人。
compared比較；discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；enjoyed喜歡；introduced介紹。根據(jù)“Milk tea is a yummy drink.”，奶茶很好喝，因此很多人喜歡奶茶。故選C。
42．句意：人們根據(jù)自己的口味有不同的選擇。
activities活動；choices選擇；prices價格；reasons理由。根據(jù)“There is bubble milk tea, house milk tea and iced milk tea.”可知，此處指的是“有多種選擇”。故選B。
43．句意：但是在家手工制作一杯奶茶也是一個不錯的主意。
by accident偶然；by hand手工；by heart憑記憶；by machine通過機器。根據(jù)“Today DIY is very popular with young people.”可知，此處指的是“手工制作奶茶”。故選B。
44．句意：它可以給人們做某事的真實經(jīng)驗，他們可以通過DIY表達自己的想法。
experience經(jīng)驗；courage勇氣；business生意；treasure珍寶。根據(jù)“…in doing something and they can express their own ideas by DIY.”可知，此處指的是“做某事的真實經(jīng)驗”。故選A。
45．句意：然后，將紅茶煮至水變成淺棕色。
after在……之后；since自從；until直到；while當。根據(jù)“Then, boil the black tea…the water turns light brown.”可知，此處指的是“直到水變成淺棕色”。故選C。
46．句意：淺棕色意味著茶已經(jīng)泡好了。
shiny發(fā)光的；healthy健康的；ready準備好的；tasty可口的。根據(jù)“The color of light brown means the tea is …”可知，此處指的是“茶已經(jīng)就緒”，應該用ready。故選C。
47．句意：加入四分之一或半杯冰，然后冰會慢慢融化，使茶溫度降至室溫。
hardly幾乎不；probably可能；widely廣泛地；slowly慢慢地。根據(jù)“and bring the tea down to a room temperature”可知，此處指的是“冰會慢慢融化”。故選D。
48．句意：之后，加入糖或蜂蜜，味道會更好。
better更好的；fresher更新鮮的；softer更軟的；worse更糟糕的。根據(jù)“Most people prefer half sugar or low sugar.”可知，很多人都喜歡加糖或者蜂蜜，那就證明加了以后味道更好了。故選A。
49．句意：如果你想喝冰茶而不等待，你需要加更多的冰。
leaving離開；moving移動；thinking認為；waiting等待。根據(jù)“you’ll need to add more ice.”可知，此處指的是“不想等待”。故選D。
50．句意：最后，加入任何你喜歡的東西都很棒，比如布丁、水果等等。
whatever無論什么；whenever無論何時；wherever無論在哪；however無論如何。根據(jù)“…you like, such as puddings, fruits and so on.”可知，此處指的是“加入任何你喜歡的東西都很棒”，應用whatever。故選A。
Passage 6
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
As a kid, I often suffered from nosebleeds. My parents had some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, and they said this was caused by my love for 51 fruits. Lychees, my favorite, had given me “too much heat”, 52 it didn’t stop me from eating them by the dozens. After we moved from China to Canada, lychees became 53 to find. Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.
As I’ve grown older, my love for unusual fruits has only become 54 . Trying these fruits widens my horizons. Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo 55 at my favorite fruit shop. I bought a couple to make desserts. Its 56 left me wide-eyed. The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days. It was such a rare smell that I’d rather believe it was picked from a food scientist’s imagination than accept that this fruit just happened to 57 in some people’s backyards.
I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things. But there is one I keep 58 to: the soursop. When it is ripe, it tastes wonderful—it’s hard to describe, somewhat like a combination of orange, banana, pineapple, strawberry and papaya. Wait just one more day, though, and it starts to brown, giving off a(an) 59 smell. This rapid decaying (腐爛的) process is only another 60 that time and tide wait for no man. So don’t let our sweetest days go to waste. “Taste” the joys around us as they come along.
51．A．a(chǎn)mazing B．unusual C．colorful D．delicious
52．A．so B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．because
53．A．unable B．popular C．free D．hard
54．A．stronger B．bigger C．weaker D．thinner
55．A．fell B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．lay D．remained
56．A．shape B．taste C．warmth D．price
57．A．leave B．cover C．pick D．grow
58．A．returning B．learning C．hurrying D．smiling
59．A．different B．further C．a(chǎn)ttractive D．terrible
60．A．a(chǎn)ccident B．beginning C．challenge D．reminder
【答案】
51．B 52．C 53．D 54．A 55．B 56．B 57．D 58．A 59．D 60．D
【導語】本文講述了作者對不尋常的水果的熱愛。
51．句意：我的父母對中醫(yī)有一定的了解，他們說這是因為我喜歡吃不尋常的水果。
amazing令人大為驚奇的；unusual不同尋常的；colorful多彩的；delicious美味的。根據(jù)后文“my love for unusual fruits”以及“Lychees, my favorite, had given me ‘too much heat’”可知是我最喜歡的荔枝給了我“太多的熱量”，因此是不尋常的水果。故選B。
52．句意：我最喜歡的荔枝給了我“太多的熱量”，但這并沒有阻止我吃幾十個荔枝。
so因此；and和；but但是；because因為。前后表轉折關系，用but連接，故選C。
53．句意：從中國搬到加拿大后，荔枝變得難找了。
unable不能夠；popular流行的；free自由的；hard艱難的。根據(jù)“Whenever we drove to Montreal’s Chinatown to shop, I would scan all the fruit markets for my red jewels.”可知荔枝變得難找了。故選D。
54．句意：隨著年齡的增長，我對不同尋常的水果的喜愛只會越來越強烈。
stronger更強烈的；bigger更大的；weaker更虛弱的；thinner更瘦的。根據(jù)“Trying these fruits widens my horizons.”可知是指我對不同尋常的水果的喜愛只會越來越強烈，用stronger。故選A。
55．句意：正當我以為我已經(jīng)聞到了世界上所有令人愉悅的水果香味時，秘魯番荔枝出現(xiàn)在我最喜歡的水果店里。
fell摔倒；appeared出現(xiàn)；lay放置；remained停留。根據(jù)“Just when I thought I had met every pleasant fruity smell in the world, the lulo…at my favorite fruit shop”可知是指秘魯番荔枝出現(xiàn)在我最喜歡的水果店里。故選B。
56．句意：它的味道讓我睜大了眼睛。
shape形狀；taste味道；warmth溫暖；price價格。根據(jù)“The strong, sweet scent made my whole kitchen smell nice for days.”可知是指它的味道讓我睜大了眼睛。故選B。
57．句意：這是一種如此罕見的氣味，我寧愿相信它是從食品科學家的想象中采摘出來的，也不愿接受這種水果只是碰巧生長在一些人的后院。
leave離開；cover覆蓋；pick撿起；grow生長。根據(jù)“this fruit just happened to…in some people’s backyards.”可知是指這種水果只是碰巧生長在一些人的后院。故選D。
58．句意：但有一種水果我會一直回頭買來吃，那就是刺果番荔枝。
returning返回；learning學習；hurrying趕快；smiling笑。根據(jù)“I try most fruits, only a couple of times because I always love newer things.”可知此處說明總是喜歡新鮮的東西，但是刺果番荔枝會一直回頭買來吃，故選A。
59．句意：不過，只要再等一天，它就會變成棕色，散發(fā)出一種糟糕的氣味。
different不同的；further更遠的；attractive吸引人的；terrible糟糕的。根據(jù)“Wait just one more day”以及“This rapid decaying”可知多等一天就會開始腐爛，散發(fā)出一種糟糕的氣味。故選D。
60．句意：這一迅速腐爛的過程只是又一次提醒人們，時不我待。
accident事故；beginning開始；challenge挑戰(zhàn)；reminder提醒。根據(jù)“time and tide wait for no man”可知是指提醒人們，時不我待。故選D。
Passage 7
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）I do believe that everyone is given a chance in life. My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.
We ran a small restaurant and lived over it. From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers. It has 61 a good start in his life. By the age of ten, Gary was in the 62 every weekend, so he always made some pocket money. He also had a lot of self-discipline (自律). He used to 63 even before me in the morning. If you run a family business, it was nice to see him helping out.
Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he 64 so much in the kitchen. By the age of 15, he was 65 any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (負責) the kitchen. He would produce over a hundred meals, and from then on I knew he would go into catering (餐飲業(yè)) because he had that talent. So when he came to me and said, “Dad, I’m required to complete work 66 as part of my course at school.” I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant. I believe he could learn more outside.
Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band. Who knows what will happen to the cooking 67 the music takes off My advice to Gary would be: if you start hunting two rabbits, you end up catching 68 so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch. He understood when I said to him, “Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30. If you haven’t done it by then, it’s too 69 . ”
None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.
I’m really 70 him. I’ve always tried to tell him that if you want something, you’ve got to work hard for it, because nobody gives you anything. He has seen the chance he has been given and caught hold of it with both hands.
61．A．a(chǎn)llowed B．promised C．chosen D．marked
62．A．hall B．kitchen C．shop D．garden
63．A．tidy up B．stay up C．get up D．hurry up
64．A．shone B．a(chǎn)cted C．cared D．changed
65．A．a(chǎn)s careful as B．a(chǎn)s patient as C．a(chǎn)s friendly as D．a(chǎn)s good as
66．A．background B．a(chǎn)chievement C．experience D．knowledge
67．A．unless B．if C．while D．since
68．A．neither B．none C．both D．either
69．A．boring B．late C．helpless D．silly
70．A．proud of B．crazy about C．strict with D．interested in
【答案】
61．D 62．B 63．C 64．A 65．D 66．C 67．B 68．A 69．B 70．A
【導語】本文主要講述了每個人在生活中都有機會，當遇到這個機會時要緊緊抓住它。
61．句意：這標志著他人生的一個良好開端。
allowed允許；promised承諾；chosen選擇；marked標志。根據(jù)“From a very early age, Gary would come down and talk to our customers.”與“It has … a good start in his life.”可知，此處應指標志著他人生的良好開端。故選D。
62．句意：到十歲的時候，Gary每個周末都在廚房里，所以他總是能賺到一些零花錢。
hall大廳；kitchen廚房；shop商店；garden花園。根據(jù)上文“My son, Gary, was given his chance with cooking.”與下文“Gary wasn’t so good at schoolwork, but he … so much in the kitchen.”可知，此處應指他都在廚房里。故選B。
63．句意：他以前早上甚至比我早起床。
tidy up整理；stay up熬夜；get up起床；hurry up趕快。根據(jù)“before me in the morning”可知，此處應指起床。故選C。
64．句意：Gary的功課不太好，但他在廚房里卻很出色。
shone出色，出類拔萃；acted行動；cared關心；changed改變。根據(jù)“By the age of 15, he was … any of the cooks working there, and sometimes he was even left in charge of (負責) the kitchen.”可知此處應指在廚房表現(xiàn)很出色。故選A。
65．句意：到15歲時，他的廚藝已經(jīng)和在那里工作的任何一個廚師一樣好了，有時他甚至被留下來負責廚房。
as careful as像……一樣小心；as patient as像……一樣有耐心；as friendly as像……一樣友好；as good as和……一樣好。根據(jù)“and sometimes he was even left in charge of (負責) the kitchen”可知，此處應指和其他廚師一樣好。故選D。
66．句意：所以當他來找我說：“爸爸，學校要求我完成工作經(jīng)驗，這是我課程的一部分。”
background背景；achievement成就；experience經(jīng)驗；knowledge知識。根據(jù)“I sent him to a friend of mine who has got a restaurant.”與“complete work …”可知，此處應指完成工作經(jīng)驗。故選C。
67．句意：誰知道如果音樂騰飛起來，烹飪會怎么樣呢？
unless除非；if如果；while 當……時候；since因為。根據(jù)“Recently Gary became interested in playing the drums and now he has his own band.”與“Who knows what will happen to the cooking … the music takes off ”可知，此處應表示假設，如果音樂騰飛起來烹飪會怎么樣。故選B。
68．句意：我給Gary的建議是：如果你開始打兩只兔子，你最后一只也抓不到，所以去打你知道你會抓到的那只兔子。
neither（兩者中）無一個；none全無；both兩者都；either（兩者中）任何一個。根據(jù)“so hunt the rabbit you know you’re going to catch”可知，此處應指抓不住兩只兔子中的任何一只。故選A。
69．句意：如果到那時你還沒有完成，那就太晚了。
boring無聊的；late晚的；helpless無助的；silly愚蠢的。根據(jù)“Gary, if you’re going to get anywhere in life, you’ve got to do it by the age of 30.”可知，此處應指如果那時還沒有完成就太晚了。故選B。
70．句意：我真的為他驕傲。
be proud of以……驕傲；be crazy about熱衷于；be strict with對……嚴格要求；be interested in對……感興趣。根據(jù)“None of us can believe that Gary’s TV cookery series has become such a great success.”可知，此處應指為他感到驕傲。故選A。
Passage 8
（2024·江蘇南京·二模）
Do you know that there are twelve Chinese zodiac sign, each one represented by an animal Each one of the twelve animals has their own characteristics and attributes, and each year is represented by a 81 animal. For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse, 82 2010 was the year of the Tiger. In Chinese culture, some people believe that a person’s success, personality and marriage are based on the animal of the year in which they were born.
However, the origin of the zodiac signs is based on a legend. Long ago, the Jade Emperor wanted to 83 twelve animals to be his guards. So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a 84 race. The first twelve animals to swim across the fast river would be the winners of the race, and therefore would have a year of the zodiac specially given to 85 .
The Rat came first because he jumped on the back of the Ox to cross the river, and then suddenly jumped down from the Ox and ran to the Emperor’s feet to win first place. As Tiger and Rabbit are both fast and competitive, they both raced to the finish line, with Tiger being faster. Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth. Immediately after, Snake said Dragon was his adopted father, so he came 86 . Then, as Horse and Goat were both 87 and kind to one another, they let each other go first, so they came seventh and eighth. The ninth animal to finish the race was Monkey, as he jumped between trees and stones to catch up with the other animals after falling behind. Finally, the last three animals to finish the race were the Rooster, Dog and Pig.
Some people wonder 88 the cat isn’t one of the twelve Chinese zodiac animals, and many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water, so it was washed away and didn’t 89 the Emperor in time to get a ranking. No wonder cats and rats are always 90 in our daily lives.
The story is well-known in Chinese culture, and although it’s made up, it’s definitely interesting to learn about and tell your friends and family about!
81．A．clever B．similar C．different D．strong
82．A．or B．so C．while D．a(chǎn)fter
83．A．raise B．choose C．catch D．hunt
84．A．swimming B．climbing C．jumping D．jogging
85．A．us B．it C．him D．them
86．A．fifth B．sixth C．seventh D．tenth
87．A．wise B．equal C．similar D．modest
88．A．if B．why C．whether D．that
89．A．reach B．thank C．catch D．notice
90．A．runners B．friends C．players D．enemies
【答案】
81．C 82．C 83．B 84．A 85．D 86．B 87．D 88．B 89．A 90．D
【導語】本文主要介紹了中國十二生肖的排列順序的由來。
81．句意：十二生肖中的每一種都有自己的特點和屬性，每年都由不同的動物代表。
clever聰明的；similar相似的；different不同的；strong強壯的。根據(jù)下文“For example, 1990 was the year of the Horse... 2010 was the year of the Tiger.”可知，每年是由不同的動物代表，故選C。
82．句意：例如，1990年是馬年，而2010年是虎年。
or或者；so所以；while然而；after在……以后。分析句子結構可知，前后表示對比，應用while，故選C。
83．句意：很久以前，玉皇大帝想選擇十二只動物作為他的護衛(wèi)。
raise飼養(yǎng)；choose選擇；catch捉住；hunt狩獵。根據(jù)下文“So, all animals on Earth were ordered to take part in a...race.”可知，是要選擇12只動物作為護衛(wèi)，故選B。
84．句意：因此，地球上所有的動物都被要求參加一場游泳比賽。
swimming游泳；climbing登山；jumping跳躍；jogging慢跑。根據(jù)下文“swim across the fast river”可知是游泳比賽，故選A。
85．句意：前十二只游過湍急河的動物將成為比賽的獲勝者，因此將有一年的十二生肖專門授予它們。
us我們；it它；him他；them它們。此處指代“The first twelve animals”，應用them，故選D。
86．句意：緊接著，蛇說龍是他的養(yǎng)父，所以他得了第六名。
fifth第五；sixth第六；seventh第七；tenth第十。根據(jù)上文“Dragons are naturally eye-catching, so the Emperor immediately noticed it, who said his son could be sixth.”可知，龍的兒子是第六名，故選B。
87．句意：然后，由于馬和山羊彼此謙虛和善良，他們讓對方先走，所以他們排在第七和第八位。
wise明智的；equal平等的；similar相似的；modest謙虛的。根據(jù)“they let each other go first”可知，馬和山羊都很謙虛，故選D。
88．句意：有些人想知道為什么貓不是十二生肖之一。
if是否；why為什么；whether是否；that無實義。根據(jù)“wonder”及語境可知，是想知道為什么貓不是十二生肖之一，應用why引導賓語從句，故選B。
89．句意：所以它被沖走了，沒有及時到達皇帝那里得到排名。
reach到達；thank謝謝；catch捉住；notice注意。根據(jù)“it was washed away”可知，被沖走所以沒有及時到達，故選A。
90．句意：難怪貓和老鼠在我們的日常生活中總是敵人。
runners跑步者；friends朋友；players選手；enemies敵人。根據(jù)上文“many people believe that the Cat joined the Rat in jumping on the Ox’s back to cross the river, but the Rat pushed it into the water”可知，貓和老鼠是敵人，故選D。
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