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專題十　語　態(tài)
　　英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞為主動語態(tài)的句子叫主動句,謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)的句子叫被動句。
一、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
　　被動語態(tài)由“主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。
結(jié)　構(gòu) 例　句
一般現(xiàn)在時: 主語+am/is/are+過去分詞 The classroom is cleaned every day. 這間教室每天都打掃。
一般過去時: 主語+was/were+過去分詞 Our school was built in 1998.我們的學(xué)校在1998年建造。
一般將來時: 主語+shall/will+be+過去分詞 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 運(yùn)動會明天舉行。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: 主語+am/is/are+being+過去分詞 The car is being repaired. 這輛汽車正在修理中。
過去進(jìn)行時: 主語+was/were+being+過去分詞 The machine was being painted then. 那時那臺機(jī)器正在上油漆。
現(xiàn)在完成時: 主語+has/have+been+過去分詞 The bank has been built. 銀行已經(jīng)建成了。
過去完成時: 主語+had+been+過去分詞 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在來這里之前我已經(jīng)被邀請訪問日本了。
過去將來時: 主語+should/would+be+過去分詞 Ann told me she would be sent to America.安告訴我她將被派往美國。
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài): 主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞 The bike can’t be put here.這輛自行車不能被放在這里。
【拓展】 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的一般方法
(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。把主動句里的賓格人稱代詞改為主格形式。
(2)把主動句的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”,be動詞的人稱和數(shù)隨新的主語(原句中的賓語)而改變,時態(tài)保持不變。
(3)將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。
具體如下圖所示:
二、特殊形式的被動語態(tài)
1.主動句中謂語是動詞短語時,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r要注意其完整性。例如:
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
2.主動句中感官動詞see、hear、watch、feel等和使役動詞make、let、have等后跟省略to的動詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
3.帶雙賓語的主動句改為被動句時,可以把間接賓語(人)改為主語,或者把直接賓語(物)改為主語,此時間接賓語前必須加介詞to或for。如:
She will lend me some money.
→I will be lent some money by her.
→Some money will be lent to me by her.
她將借一些錢給我。
My father bought me a computer.
→I was bought a computer by my father.
→A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父親給我買了一臺電腦。
【溫馨提示】
按英語習(xí)慣,在bring、give、hand、lend、offer、 pass、sell、show、take、tell等動詞后通常用介詞to來引出間接賓語;在build、buy、cook、 choose、find、fix、get、make、order、paint、sing等動詞后通常用介詞for來引出間接賓語。
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·揚(yáng)州中考)As we all know, the Yangtze River ______as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A.knows B.knew
C.is known D.was known
2.(2024·連云港中考)Robot dogs ______as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A.use B.used
C.are used D.were used
3.(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A.is loved B.was loved
C.will love D.is loving
4.(2023·鎮(zhèn)江中考)When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ______to buy comic books.
A.use B.is used
C.used D.was used
5.(2023·連云港中考) To make the environment much better, more trees ______next year.
A.plant B.will plant
C.are planted D.will be planted
6.(2023·揚(yáng)州中考)Sand turns to glass when it ______by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
7.(2022·徐州中考) I ______by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A.have attacked B.was attacked
C.was attacking　　 D.am attacked
8.(2022·無錫中考)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ______in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A.set up B.was set up
C.took up D.was taken up
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)New clothes and shoes are sent(send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
2.(2024·揚(yáng)州中考)If salt is spread(spread) onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
3.(2024·無錫中考) This stone bridge was built(build) over 800 years ago.
4.(2023·無錫中考)This T-shirt is made(make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
5.(2022·南京中考)All the dialogue in Baiju is spoken(speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor.
語法專題集訓(xùn)
單項選擇
1.(2024·涼山州中考)—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024
—Yes. The Spring Festival ______widely in the world nowadays.
A.is celebrated
B.was celebrated
C.will be celebrated
D.will celebrate
2.(2024·江西中考)Ted preferred pop music when he ______about his favorite music in the interview.
A.was asked B.asked
C.is asked D.asks
3.(2024·瀘州中考)—Tom, the high-speed railway (高鐵) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______this year hopefully.
— Amazing! I’m looking forward to it!
A.completes
B.is completed
C.was completed
D.will be completed
4.(2023·安徽中考)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______in to school.
A.introduce B.introduced
C.are introduced D.were introduced
5.(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon ______in the Space Club next week.
A.shows B.is showing
C.were shown D.will be shown
6.(2023·新疆中考) —Hanfu lovers ______walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A.can be found B.can find
C.must be found D.must find專題十　語　態(tài)
　　英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。謂語動詞為主動語態(tài)的句子叫主動句,謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)的句子叫被動句。
一、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
　　被動語態(tài)由“主語+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成,be動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。
結(jié)　構(gòu) 例　句
一般現(xiàn)在時: 主語+am/is/are+過去分詞 The classroom every day. 這間教室每天都打掃。
一般過去時: 主語+was/were+過去分詞 Our school in 1998.我們的學(xué)校在1998年建造。
一般將來時: 主語+shall/will+be+過去分詞 The sports meeting tomorrow. 運(yùn)動會明天舉行。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時: 主語+am/is/are+being+過去分詞 The car . 這輛汽車正在修理中。
過去進(jìn)行時: 主語+was/were+being+過去分詞 The machine then. 那時那臺機(jī)器正在上油漆。
現(xiàn)在完成時: 主語+has/have+been+過去分詞 The bank . 銀行已經(jīng)建成了。
過去完成時: 主語+had+been+過去分詞 I to visit Japan before I came here. 在來這里之前我已經(jīng)被邀請訪問日本了。
過去將來時: 主語+should/would+be+過去分詞 Ann told me she to America.安告訴我她將被派往美國。
含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài): 主語+情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞 The bike here.這輛自行車不能被放在這里。
【拓展】 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的一般方法
(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z。把主動句里的賓格人稱代詞改為主格形式。
(2)把主動句的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”,be動詞的人稱和數(shù)隨新的主語(原句中的賓語)而改變,時態(tài)保持不變。
(3)將主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語(若動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要說明則可以省略該by短語)。
具體如下圖所示:
二、特殊形式的被動語態(tài)
1.主動句中謂語是動詞短語時,變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r要注意其完整性。例如:
Jack turned on the TV just now.
→The TV was turned on by Jack just now.
2.主動句中感官動詞see、hear、watch、feel等和使役動詞make、let、have等后跟省略to的動詞不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時應(yīng)加上不定式符號to。如:
We saw an alien get out of the UFO.
→An alien was seen to get out of the UFO.
3.帶雙賓語的主動句改為被動句時,可以把間接賓語(人)改為主語,或者把直接賓語(物)改為主語,此時間接賓語前必須加介詞to或for。如:
She will lend me some money.
→I will be lent some money by her.
→Some money will be lent by her.
她將借一些錢給我。
My father bought me a computer.
→I was bought a computer by my father.
→A computer was bought by my father. 我父親給我買了一臺電腦。
【溫馨提示】
按英語習(xí)慣,在bring、give、hand、lend、offer、 pass、sell、show、take、tell等動詞后通常用介詞to來引出間接賓語;在build、buy、cook、 choose、find、fix、get、make、order、paint、sing等動詞后通常用介詞for來引出間接賓語。
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·揚(yáng)州中考)As we all know, the Yangtze River ______as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation.
A.knows B.knew
C.is known D.was known
2.(2024·連云港中考)Robot dogs ______as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games.
A.use B.used
C.are used D.were used
3.(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ______by people of all ages.
A.is loved B.was loved
C.will love D.is loving
4.(2023·鎮(zhèn)江中考)When I was a pupil, some of my pocket money ______to buy comic books.
A.use B.is used
C.used D.was used
5.(2023·連云港中考) To make the environment much better, more trees ______next year.
A.plant B.will plant
C.are planted D.will be planted
6.(2023·揚(yáng)州中考)Sand turns to glass when it ______by lightning.
A.hits B.is hit
C.is hitting D.will be hit
7.(2022·徐州中考) I ______by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A.have attacked B.was attacked
C.was attacking　　 D.am attacked
8.(2022·無錫中考)UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ______in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A.set up B.was set up
C.took up D.was taken up
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)New clothes and shoes (send) to children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
2.(2024·揚(yáng)州中考)If salt is (spread) onto the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
3.(2024·無錫中考) This stone bridge (build) over 800 years ago.
4.(2023·無錫中考)This T-shirt (make) of silk and it feels very smooth.
5.(2022·南京中考)All the dialogue in Baiju (speak) in Nanjing dialect, easy to understand, and full of humor.
語法專題集訓(xùn)
單項選擇
1.(2024·涼山州中考)—Do you know the Spring Festival became a UN Floating Holiday in 2024
—Yes. The Spring Festival ______widely in the world nowadays.
A.is celebrated
B.was celebrated
C.will be celebrated
D.will celebrate
2.(2024·江西中考)Ted preferred pop music when he ______about his favorite music in the interview.
A.was asked B.asked
C.is asked D.asks
3.(2024·瀘州中考)—Tom, the high-speed railway (高鐵) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______this year hopefully.
— Amazing! I’m looking forward to it!
A.completes
B.is completed
C.was completed
D.will be completed
4.(2023·安徽中考)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ______in to school.
A.introduce B.introduced
C.are introduced D.were introduced
5.(2023·天津中考)Some photos of the moon ______in the Space Club next week.
A.shows B.is showing
C.were shown D.will be shown
6.(2023·新疆中考) —Hanfu lovers ______walking down the street in many cities.
—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.
A.can be found B.can find
C.must be found D.must find

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