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專題十四　賓語從句和定語從句
一、賓語從句
　　賓語從句是指在復合句中充當賓語的句子。賓語從句的考查點主要集中在時態、語序、引導詞三個方面。
時態 ①主句是現在時,從句根據實際情況使用相應時態 ②主句是過去時,從句使用過去時的某種形式 ③從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現象等時,不管主句使用什么時態,從句都用一般現在時
語序 從句一律用陳述語序,即主語+謂語+賓語+其他
引 導 詞 ①that沒有詞義,不充當句子成分,在口語和非正式文體中常被省略 ②當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時,引導詞用if或whether,表示“是否” ③what、when、where、how、whatever、whenever、wherever、who、whom、whose等特殊疑問詞作引導詞
【溫馨提示】 賓語從句中的否定轉移
當主句的謂語是think、believe、guess、suppose等表示“認為、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的動詞,且主句的主語是第一人稱,時態為一般現在時時,從句的否定一般要轉移到主句上來。如:
I don’t think he can finish it by himself.
二、定語從句
　　在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有三個作用:1.引導定語從句 2.代替先行詞 3.在定語從句中充當某種成分。關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞兩類,其基本用法如下:
1.關系代詞的基本用法
成分 作主語 作賓語 作定語
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
【溫馨提示】
(1)關系詞只能用that的情況:
①先行詞既有人又有物時。
②先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。
③先行詞為all、much、little、something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代詞時。
④先行詞被序數詞修飾時。
(2)先行詞為物時,只能用which的情況:
①關系代詞位于介詞之后時。
②主句主語為that,those時。
2.關系副詞的基本用法
用　法 例　句
when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,其先行詞是表示時間的名詞(year、season、day等) I still remember the days when we worked together. 我仍然記得我們在一起工作的日子。
where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語,其先行詞是表示地點的名詞(place、school、room等) This is the school where we once studied.這就是我們曾經學習過的學校。
why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞 Can you tell me the reason why he hasn’t come here 你能告訴我他沒來這兒的原因嗎
3年淮安、江蘇真題
單項選擇
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Chen Dan, do you know ______
—Bus No.3 will take you there.
A.what is Star Park like
B.what Star Park is like
C.how can I get to Star Park
D.how I can get to Star Park
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
—I think you should give it to the police and they may know ______.
A.how is the owner
B.who is the owner
C.how the owner is
D.who the owner is
3.(2024·連云港中考)—John, can you tell me ______in the future 　
—I want to be a football player.
A.what will you do B.where will you go
C.what you will do D.where you will go
4.(2024·揚州中考)Teenagers don’t always understand ______their parents have so many rules.
A.why B.which
C.where D.what
5.(2023·南京中考)—I’m very hungry,Amy.Do you know ______
—Of course!I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there.
A.where we can get some food quickly
B.where can we get some food quickly
C.when we can get some food quickly
D.when can we get some food quickly
6.(2023·南通中考)—Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together
—I’d love to, but could you tell me ______
A.what is the meaning of the festival
B.where we would have the celebration
C.how you usually celebrate the festival
D.when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival
7.(2023·揚州中考)—I’m wondering ______at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
A.how I can buy the air ticket
B.how can I buy the air ticket
C.when I can buy the air ticket
D.when can I buy the air ticket
8.(2023·無錫中考)—You know ______ In 12 hours!
— That’s crazy. How is it even possible
A.how soon we must finish the task
B.how often we must finish the task
C.how soon must we finish the task
D.how often must we finish the task
9.(2023·連云港中考) —Sarah, do you know ______
—It’s on April 23.
A.what is World Book Day
B.what World Book Day is
C.when is World Book Day
D.when World Book Day is
10.(2022·宿遷中考) —Jenny,do you know ______
—Er, next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place
B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place
D.where will the sports meeting take place
語法專題集訓
單項選擇
1.(2024·長春中考) As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ______can fly in the sky.
A.where B.when
C.which D.who
2.(2024·臨夏州中考)A true friend is a person ______can help you when you are in trouble.
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.which
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)—Do you know ______Dunhuang
—Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich.
A.what they think of
B.how to get to
C.why many people travel to
D.where we can learn about
4.(2024·長春中考)—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ______.
—In your uncle’s home.
A.where we will celebrate it
B.when we will celebrate it
C.where will we celebrate it
D.when will we celebrate it
5.(2024·武漢中考)The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ______.
A.what is knowledge
B.how we can get knowledge
C.why is practice powerful
D.when we should start practicing
6.(2024·遂寧中考)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______
—It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it
A.how much does the jacket cost
B.how much the jacket costs
C.what was the price of the jacket
D.whether the price of the jacket was high
7.(2023·吉林中考) The students are reading books ______are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A.who B.where C.which D.what
8.(2023·新疆中考) Lots of Chinese young people ______were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A.that B.those C.which D./
9.(2023·北京中考)—Lily, can you tell me ______during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A.what you will do
B.what you did
C.what will you do
D.what did you do
10.(2023·達州中考)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______it again.
A.that; reading B.which; to read
C.that; to read D.which; reading專題十四　賓語從句和定語從句
一、賓語從句
　　賓語從句是指在復合句中充當賓語的句子。賓語從句的考查點主要集中在時態、語序、引導詞三個方面。
時態 ①主句是現在時,從句根據實際情況使用相應時態 ②主句是過去時,從句使用過去時的某種形式 ③從句表示的是客觀事實、真理、自然現象等時,不管主句使用什么時態,從句都用一般現在時
語序 從句一律用陳述語序,即主語+謂語+賓語+其他
引 導 詞 ①that沒有詞義,不充當句子成分,在口語和非正式文體中常被省略 ②當賓語從句由一般疑問句變化而來時,引導詞用if或whether,表示“是否” ③what、when、where、how、whatever、whenever、wherever、who、whom、whose等特殊疑問詞作引導詞
【溫馨提示】 賓語從句中的否定轉移
當主句的謂語是think、believe、guess、suppose等表示“認為、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的動詞,且主句的主語是第一人稱,時態為一般現在時時,從句的否定一般要轉移到主句上來。如:
I don’t think he can finish it by himself.
二、定語從句
　　在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞。關系詞有三個作用:1.引導定語從句 2.代替先行詞 3.在定語從句中充當某種成分。關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞兩類,其基本用法如下:
1.關系代詞的基本用法
成分 作主語 作賓語 作定語
指人 who/that who/whom/that/省略 whose
指物 which/that which/that/省略 whose
【溫馨提示】
(1)關系詞只能用that的情況:
①先行詞既有人又有物時。
②先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。
③先行詞為all、much、little、something、anything、everything、nothing等不定代詞時。
④先行詞被序數詞修飾時。
(2)先行詞為物時,只能用which的情況:
①關系代詞位于介詞之后時。
②主句主語為that,those時。
2.關系副詞的基本用法
用　法 例　句
when表示時間,在定語從句中作時間狀語,其先行詞是表示時間的名詞(year、season、day等) I still remember the days we worked together. 我仍然記得我們在一起工作的日子。
where表示地點,在定語從句中作地點狀語,其先行詞是表示地點的名詞(place、school、room等) This is the school we once studied.這就是我們曾經學習過的學校。
why表示原因,在定語從句中作原因狀語,其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞 Can you tell me the reason he hasn’t come here 你能告訴我他沒來這兒的原因嗎
3年淮安、江蘇真題
單項選擇
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Chen Dan, do you know ______
—Bus No.3 will take you there.
A.what is Star Park like
B.what Star Park is like
C.how can I get to Star Park
D.how I can get to Star Park
2.(2022·淮安中考)—Mum, I found a wallet on the bus this morning.
—I think you should give it to the police and they may know ______.
A.how is the owner
B.who is the owner
C.how the owner is
D.who the owner is
3.(2024·連云港中考)—John, can you tell me ______in the future 　
—I want to be a football player.
A.what will you do B.where will you go
C.what you will do D.where you will go
4.(2024·揚州中考)Teenagers don’t always understand ______their parents have so many rules.
A.why B.which
C.where D.what
5.(2023·南京中考)—I’m very hungry,Amy.Do you know ______
—Of course!I suggest Sunshine Fast Food over there.
A.where we can get some food quickly
B.where can we get some food quickly
C.when we can get some food quickly
D.when can we get some food quickly
6.(2023·南通中考)—Mike, your first Dragon Boat Festival in China is coming. Shall we celebrate it together
—I’d love to, but could you tell me ______
A.what is the meaning of the festival
B.where we would have the celebration
C.how you usually celebrate the festival
D.when is this year’s Dragon Boat Festival
7.(2023·揚州中考)—I’m wondering ______at a low price.
—You can book one through our official APP.
A.how I can buy the air ticket
B.how can I buy the air ticket
C.when I can buy the air ticket
D.when can I buy the air ticket
8.(2023·無錫中考)—You know ______ In 12 hours!
— That’s crazy. How is it even possible
A.how soon we must finish the task
B.how often we must finish the task
C.how soon must we finish the task
D.how often must we finish the task
9.(2023·連云港中考) —Sarah, do you know ______
—It’s on April 23.
A.what is World Book Day
B.what World Book Day is
C.when is World Book Day
D.when World Book Day is
10.(2022·宿遷中考) —Jenny,do you know ______
—Er, next Tuesday.
A.when the sports meeting will take place
B.when will the sports meeting take place
C.where the sports meeting will take place
D.where will the sports meeting take place
語法專題集訓
單項選擇
1.(2024·長春中考) As a science lover, I hope I can invent a bike ______can fly in the sky.
A.where B.when
C.which D.who
2.(2024·臨夏州中考)A true friend is a person ______can help you when you are in trouble.
A.who B.whom
C.whose D.which
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)—Do you know ______Dunhuang
—Because the scenery there is so fascinating and the culture is so rich.
A.what they think of
B.how to get to
C.why many people travel to
D.where we can learn about
4.(2024·長春中考)—The Mid-Autumn Festival is coming. I wonder ______.
—In your uncle’s home.
A.where we will celebrate it
B.when we will celebrate it
C.where will we celebrate it
D.when will we celebrate it
5.(2024·武漢中考)The saying “Knowledge starts with practice” tells us ______.
A.what is knowledge
B.how we can get knowledge
C.why is practice powerful
D.when we should start practicing
6.(2024·遂寧中考)—Excuse me, could you please tell me ______
—It’s on sale, only 45 yuan. Do you like it
A.how much does the jacket cost
B.how much the jacket costs
C.what was the price of the jacket
D.whether the price of the jacket was high
7.(2023·吉林中考) The students are reading books ______are full of the “red spirit” these days.
A.who B.where C.which D.what
8.(2023·新疆中考) Lots of Chinese young people ______were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time.
A.that B.those C.which D./
9.(2023·北京中考)—Lily, can you tell me ______during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
—Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A.what you will do
B.what you did
C.what will you do
D.what did you do
10.(2023·達州中考)—The Lifelong Journey is one of the most touching books ______I have ever read.
—Yeah, the book is fantastic and I am looking forward to ______it again.
A.that; reading B.which; to read
C.that; to read D.which; reading

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