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專題十一　非謂語動詞
　　在英語句子中,動詞有兩類,一類是謂語動詞,另一類是非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有四種,即動詞不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞。
一、動詞不定式
動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語,初中階段常考動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語的用法。
功能 例　句 說　明
主語 is dangerous.在這里游泳是危險的。 動詞不定式作主語時常可轉化為用it作形式主語
表語 My job is .我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多數情況下,動詞不定式作表語,可轉換為作主語
賓語 I want . 我想成為一名演員。 通常作動詞的賓語,一般不作介詞的賓語
賓語 補足語 She asked me . 她要求我說英語。 在make、let、see、hear、watch等使役動詞后,不定式省略to
定語 Do you have anything 你有要說的嗎 不定式作定語,要放在所修飾詞的后面
狀語 I come here .我來這里是為了見你。 不定式作目的狀語,其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致
【溫馨提示】
　　動詞不定式可以與疑問詞連用,用作主語、賓語、表語等。如:
hasn’t been discussed.(作主語)
什么時候開始還沒有被討論。
She told me .(作賓語)
她告訴我如何學習英語。
【助記】
1.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞(短語):
決定學會有希望(decide、learn、wish、hope),
同意計劃莫假裝(agree、plan、pretend),
膽敢拒絕會失敗(dare、refuse、fail),
準備設法來幫忙(prepare、try、manage、help),
提供請求負擔起(offer、beg、demand、afford),
答應安排理應當(promise、arrange、be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,勸君牢記永不忘。
2.有些動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,具體歸納為:一感(feel);二聽(listen to、 hear);三讓(let、 have、 make);四看(look、 see、 watch、 notice);半幫助(help)。如:
The boss makes them 16 hours a day.
老板讓他們一天工作16個小時。
I heard her in the next room.
我聽到她在隔壁房間唱歌。
注意:上述結構改為被動語態時,不定式符號to要加上。如:
They are made 16 hours a day by the boss.
他們被老板逼著一天工作16個小時。
She was heard in the next room.
她被聽到在隔壁房間唱歌。
二、動名詞
功能 例　句 說　明
主語 is bad for your health. 吃太多對你的健康有害處。 謂語動詞用單數
賓語 I like . 我喜歡打籃球。 Thanks for . 謝謝你幫助我們。 作動詞和介詞的賓語
表語 His hobby is .他的愛好是集郵。 多數情況下可轉換為動名詞作主語
定語 Bill is in the . 比爾在閱覽室里。 表明被修飾詞的用途、所屬關系等
【助記】 常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語:
喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest),
想要(feel like)介意(mind)已完畢(finish),
忍不住(can’t help)去練習(practice)和考慮(consider)。
三、現在分詞和過去分詞
功能 例　句 說　明
定語 ①Do you know the boy 你認識正在踢足球的那個男孩嗎 ②Please hand in your exercise. 請上交你的書面練習。 單個分詞位于被修飾詞之前;分詞短語位于被修飾詞之后。現在分詞表示“主動和正在進行”;過去分詞表示“被動和已完成”
狀語 ①The students went out of the classroom, . 學生們談笑著走出教室。 ② our school looks more beautiful.從小山上看,我們的學校顯得更美麗。 分詞(短語)的邏輯主語和句子主語一致。現在分詞表示“主動和正在進行”;過去分詞表示“被動和已完成”
補足語 ①Don’t keep me . 別讓我等很長時間。 ②I had my hair last night. 昨天晚上我理發了。 被修飾的賓語或主語和現在分詞是主動關系;和過去分詞是被動關系
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·揚州中考)China has made great efforts ______other countries build high-speed railways.
A.help B.to help
C.helping D.helped
2.(2023·鎮江中考) Travellers can’t wait ______their new tours in the coming holiday.
A.to start B.starting
C.started D.start
3.(2023·南通中考)______ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A.Keeping B.Keep
C.To keep D.To keeping
4.(2023·宿遷中考)—Our school will invite Mr Wang ______us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give
C.giving D.gave
5.(2023·揚州中考)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ______the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining
C.to join D.to joining
6.(2022·南京中考)— I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ______books.
A.read B.reads
C.to read D.reading
7.(2022·宿遷中考) —Miss Li,can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ______a diary in English every day.
A.to keep B.keeping
C.kept D.keep
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to (attend) it.
2.(2023·淮安中考) Our government has taken action (make) life in the countryside better.
3.(2022·淮安中考)Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how (solve) teenager problems.
4.(2024·無錫中考) The children did a lot of research in the lab (finish) the science project.
5.(2023·無錫中考)The firemen had no choice but (break) the window.
6.(2023·無錫中考)Our planet is becoming more and more (pollute). How can we start all over again
7.(2023·南京中考)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth (read) or not.
8.(2023·無錫中考) Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me (worry) about these things.
9.(2022·泰州中考) Our country has made laws (protect) biodiversity(生物多樣性)of the Yangtze River.
10.(2022·無錫中考)Remember to wash hands often and be sure (wear) masks correctly.
11.(2022·無錫中考)—Lily, I have difficulty (read) comic strips in English.
—Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
語法專題集訓
單項選擇
1.(2024·遂寧中考) —Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ______for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A.how to buy B.what to buy
C.where to buy D.when to buy
2.(2024·天津中考) People may use different body language ______the same feelings.
A.show　 B.to show
C.showed D.shows
3.(2024·綏化中考) My little brother suggested ______for a walk.
A.to go B.going C.goes D.go
4.(2024·綏化中考) The tea ______in China ______to many different countries and places each year.
A.is made; sent B.made; sent
C.made; is sent D.is made; send
5.(2023·云南中考)Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ______a dinner for my father.
A.to prepare B.preparing　
C.prepared D.prepare
6.(2023·自貢中考)—Mike, we are told not ______the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
A.answering B.to answer
C.answer D.answered
7.(2023·黔東南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Parents should always tell their kids ______
with strangers.
A.not to talk B.not talking
C.to not talk D.not talk
8.(2023·長春中考)We expect the world ______China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
A.understanding B.to understand
C.understood D.understand
9.(2023·營口中考)In order ______the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A.not to miss B.not missing
C.to miss D.missing
10.(2023·綏化中考) I saw Lily ______when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing
C.to dance D.dances
11.(2023·黔東南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Please stop ______and go out for a walk. Remember ______warm clothes.
A.to study; wearing
B.studying; to wear
C.to study; to wear
D.studying; wearing
12.(2023·孝感中考)—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ______ourselves in the daily life.
A.where to hold B.what to visit
C.how to protect D.why to help專題十一　非謂語動詞
　　在英語句子中,動詞有兩類,一類是謂語動詞,另一類是非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有四種,即動詞不定式、動名詞、現在分詞和過去分詞。
一、動詞不定式
動詞不定式可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和賓語補足語,初中階段常考動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語及目的狀語的用法。
功能 例　句 說　明
主語 To swim here is dangerous.在這里游泳是危險的。 動詞不定式作主語時常可轉化為用it作形式主語
表語 My job is to look after my sister.我的工作是照看我妹妹。 多數情況下,動詞不定式作表語,可轉換為作主語
賓語 I want to be an actor. 我想成為一名演員。 通常作動詞的賓語,一般不作介詞的賓語
賓語 補足語 She asked me to speak English. 她要求我說英語。 在make、let、see、hear、watch等使役動詞后,不定式省略to
定語 Do you have anything to say 你有要說的嗎 不定式作定語,要放在所修飾詞的后面
狀語 I come here to see you.我來這里是為了見你。 不定式作目的狀語,其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致
【溫馨提示】
　　動詞不定式可以與疑問詞連用,用作主語、賓語、表語等。如:
When to start hasn’t been discussed.(作主語)
什么時候開始還沒有被討論。
She told me how to learn English.(作賓語)
她告訴我如何學習英語。
【助記】
1.只能跟不定式作賓語的動詞(短語):
決定學會有希望(decide、learn、wish、hope),
同意計劃莫假裝(agree、plan、pretend),
膽敢拒絕會失敗(dare、refuse、fail),
準備設法來幫忙(prepare、try、manage、help),
提供請求負擔起(offer、beg、demand、afford),
答應安排理應當(promise、arrange、be supposed),
以上后跟不定式,勸君牢記永不忘。
2.有些動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,具體歸納為:一感(feel);二聽(listen to、 hear);三讓(let、 have、 make);四看(look、 see、 watch、 notice);半幫助(help)。如:
The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
老板讓他們一天工作16個小時。
I heard her sing in the next room.
我聽到她在隔壁房間唱歌。
注意:上述結構改為被動語態時,不定式符號to要加上。如:
They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.
他們被老板逼著一天工作16個小時。
She was heard to sing in the next room.
她被聽到在隔壁房間唱歌。
二、動名詞
功能 例　句 說　明
主語 Eating too much is bad for your health. 吃太多對你的健康有害處。 謂語動詞用單數
賓語 I like playing basketball. 我喜歡打籃球。 Thanks for helping us. 謝謝你幫助我們。 作動詞和介詞的賓語
表語 His hobby is collecting stamps.他的愛好是集郵。 多數情況下可轉換為動名詞作主語
定語 Bill is in the reading room. 比爾在閱覽室里。 表明被修飾詞的用途、所屬關系等
【助記】 常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語:
喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest),
想要(feel like)介意(mind)已完畢(finish),
忍不住(can’t help)去練習(practice)和考慮(consider)。
三、現在分詞和過去分詞
功能 例　句 說　明
定語 ①Do you know the boy playing football 你認識正在踢足球的那個男孩嗎 ②Please hand in your written exercise. 請上交你的書面練習。 單個分詞位于被修飾詞之前;分詞短語位于被修飾詞之后。現在分詞表示“主動和正在進行”;過去分詞表示“被動和已完成”
狀語 ①The students went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 學生們談笑著走出教室。 ②Seen from the hill, our school looks more beautiful.從小山上看,我們的學校顯得更美麗。 分詞(短語)的邏輯主語和句子主語一致。現在分詞表示“主動和正在進行”;過去分詞表示“被動和已完成”
補足語 ①Don’t keep me waiting for a long time. 別讓我等很長時間。 ②I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理發了。 被修飾的賓語或主語和現在分詞是主動關系;和過去分詞是被動關系
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·揚州中考)China has made great efforts ______other countries build high-speed railways.
A.help B.to help
C.helping D.helped
2.(2023·鎮江中考) Travellers can’t wait ______their new tours in the coming holiday.
A.to start B.starting
C.started D.start
3.(2023·南通中考)______ healthy, we’ve got used to washing hands before meals and using public chopsticks.
A.Keeping B.Keep
C.To keep D.To keeping
4.(2023·宿遷中考)—Our school will invite Mr Wang ______us a talk on environmental protection next week.
—That’s wonderful!
A.give B.to give
C.giving D.gave
5.(2023·揚州中考)Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ______the STEAM Club.
A.join B.joining
C.to join D.to joining
6.(2022·南京中考)— I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ______books.
A.read B.reads
C.to read D.reading
7.(2022·宿遷中考) —Miss Li,can you tell me how to improve my writing skills
—Certainly. I advise you ______a diary in English every day.
A.to keep B.keeping
C.kept D.keep
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)—Professor Wang will give us a talk on the history of Huai’an tomorrow.
—Really I look forward to attending(attend) it.
2.(2023·淮安中考) Our government has taken action to make(make) life in the countryside better.
3.(2022·淮安中考)Miss Gao is preparing a talk on how to solve(solve) teenager problems.
4.(2024·無錫中考) The children did a lot of research in the lab to finish(finish) the science project.
5.(2023·無錫中考)The firemen had no choice but to break(break) the window.
6.(2023·無錫中考)Our planet is becoming more and more polluted(pollute). How can we start all over again
7.(2023·南京中考)A book review can often tell me whether a book is worth reading(read) or not.
8.(2023·無錫中考) Go and have a good sleep, baby. Let me worry(worry) about these things.
9.(2022·泰州中考) Our country has made laws to protect(protect) biodiversity(生物多樣性)of the Yangtze River.
10.(2022·無錫中考)Remember to wash hands often and be sure to wear(wear) masks correctly.
11.(2022·無錫中考)—Lily, I have difficulty reading(read) comic strips in English.
—Don’t worry. Let’s read some together.
語法專題集訓
單項選擇
1.(2024·遂寧中考) —Daddy, the Middle Autumn Festival is coming. Could you please tell me ______for grandparents
—You can buy some mooncakes, fruits and flowers for them.
A.how to buy B.what to buy
C.where to buy D.when to buy
2.(2024·天津中考) People may use different body language ______the same feelings.
A.show　 B.to show
C.showed D.shows
3.(2024·綏化中考) My little brother suggested ______for a walk.
A.to go B.going C.goes D.go
4.(2024·綏化中考) The tea ______in China ______to many different countries and places each year.
A.is made; sent B.made; sent
C.made; is sent D.is made; send
5.(2023·云南中考)Today is Father’s Day, and I plan ______a dinner for my father.
A.to prepare B.preparing　
C.prepared D.prepare
6.(2023·自貢中考)—Mike, we are told not ______the phone while crossing the street.
—I am sorry. I won’t do it again.
A.answering B.to answer
C.answer D.answered
7.(2023·黔東南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Parents should always tell their kids ______
with strangers.
A.not to talk B.not talking
C.to not talk D.not talk
8.(2023·長春中考)We expect the world ______China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
A.understanding B.to understand
C.understood D.understand
9.(2023·營口中考)In order ______the earliest flight, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A.not to miss B.not missing
C.to miss D.missing
10.(2023·綏化中考) I saw Lily ______when I passed her room.
A.dance B.dancing
C.to dance D.dances
11.(2023·黔東南、黔南、黔西南三州中考) Please stop ______and go out for a walk. Remember ______warm clothes.
A.to study; wearing
B.studying; to wear
C.to study; to wear
D.studying; wearing
12.(2023·孝感中考)—Safety is very important to all of us.
—I agree. We students should learn ______ourselves in the daily life.
A.where to hold B.what to visit
C.how to protect D.why to help

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