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語法專題提分案
專題一　名　詞
一、名詞的分類
1.專有名詞:表示人、地方、事物、機構、組織等專有名稱的名詞。
2.普通名詞:表示某一類人或事物或表示一個抽象概念的名稱的名詞。
二、名詞的數
1.可數名詞的數
①定義:能用數目來計算,可以分成個體的人或物。
②特點:有單數和復數兩種形式,前面可用基數詞、不定冠詞(a/an)及many等詞修飾。
2.不可數名詞的數
①定義:不能用數目來計算,不可以分成個體的概念、狀態、品質、感情或表示物質材料的東西。
②特點:一般只有單數形式,沒有復數形式,前面可用much,little等詞修飾。
★【拓展】
可數名詞和不可數名詞的常見修飾語如下:
(1)只修飾可數名詞:few, a few, several, a couple of, many, a number of, a great/large number of
(2)只修飾不可數名詞:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of, a large amount of
(3)既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞:some, lots of, most, all, a lot of, plenty of, the rest of
3.可數名詞復數形式的構成
(1)規則變化
構成方法 示　例
一般在詞尾加-s girl→girls女孩 desk→desks書桌 mile→miles 英里 bag→bags包
以s、x、sh、ch結尾的加-es brush→brushes 刷子 bus→buses公共汽車 watch→watches 手表 box→boxes箱子
以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞,把y變為i,再加-es city→cities城市
以f或fe結尾的詞,一般把f或fe改為v,再加-es wolf→wolves 狼 leaf→leaves葉子 wife→wives 妻子
以o結尾的可數名詞 有生命的加-es potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西紅柿 hero→heroes英雄
無生命的加-s zoo→zoos 動物園 radio→radios 收音機 piano→pianos 鋼琴 photo→photos 照片
(2)不規則變化
構成方法 示例
元音字母 發生變化 foot→feet　　　tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice(老鼠) (注意:mouse意為“鼠標”時,復數為mice或mouses)
詞尾加-ren child→children
單復數 形式相同 people, sheep, deer, fish (表示魚的種類多時,其復數為fishes)
只用復數形式 clothes, trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses(眼鏡)
表示“……國人” 單復數同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
變man為men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
詞尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧學妙記】中日不變,英法變,其他-s加后面。
★特別注意:
當名詞作定語時,單復數的使用原則如下:
(1)名詞作定語,一般用單數形式。如:country music鄉村音樂,three boy students三個男學生 some girl friends一些女朋友
(2)個別名詞作定語,要用復數形式。如:
a clothes store 一個服裝店
two sports meeting 兩次運動會
(3)man和woman作定語,和后面名詞的單復數保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男醫生,woman teacher→women teachers女老師
4.不可數名詞的量化表達
情況 方法 示例
具體的量 數詞+表數量的名詞+of/a piece of +不可數名詞 a piece of paper一張紙
大概的量 表示數量的限定詞(some, much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of/, plenty of等)+不可數名詞 a little money 一點錢 some water 一些水
三、名詞的所有格
1.’s所有格
構成方法 示例
單數名詞加’s newspaper 今天的報紙 bag 男孩的書包
復數 名詞 以s結尾加’ rest 兩小時的休息
不以s結尾加’s Day婦女節
表示兩個人共同擁有某物,只在后一個名詞詞尾加’s Tom and room 湯姆和彼得(共同)的房間
表示兩個人各自擁有某物,在兩個名詞詞尾分別加’s(被修飾名詞要用復數形式) shoes 湯姆和彼得的鞋子
2.of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示無生命的東西的名詞中。如:a map of the world 一張世界地圖
3.雙重所有格
(1)of+’s所有格。
如:a friend of Henry’s 亨利的一個朋友
(2)of + 名詞性物主代詞。
如:a good friend of mine我的一個好朋友
四、名詞的功能
1.名詞用作主語:要求謂語動詞必須在人稱和數兩方面和句子的主語一致。
【提醒】特殊名詞,如表示度量、時間、距離、金額等的復數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用單數。
2.名詞作表語　3.名詞作賓語
4.名詞作賓語補足語　5.名詞作同位語
6.名詞作定語
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·淮安中考)Stay away from the river.Look at the sign! It says, “______.”
A.No shouting　　　　 B.No parking
C.No swimming D.No littering
2.(2023·淮安中考)As a student, you should keep a ______between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A.diary B.record C.secret D.balance
3.(2024·揚州中考)—Do you know why zebra fish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ______like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages
C.messages D.passages
4.(2023·南京中考)Look at the picture. The lady is playing the ______.
A.drum B.violin
C.guitar D.piano
5.(2023·南通中考)—______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A.Speeches B.Decisions
C.Promises　　 D.Suggestions
6.(2022·宿遷中考) My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the ______cartoon characters.
A.ability B.weight C.shape D.quality
Ⅱ.從方框中選用恰當的單詞或短語填空
scientists, success, places of interest,a number of, fireman, tools
1.(2023·淮安中考)Usually, we take some to different places to do some cleaning.
2.(2023·淮安中考)After a while, visitors joined us and helped clean the park.
3.(2022淮安中考)The TV series A Lifelong Journey was a great , which gained a large number of fans.
4.(2024·連云港中考)Yuan Longping, one of the greatest , won respect all over the world.
5.(2024·連云港中考)In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred in a day.
6.(2024·淮安中考)The is very brave.He saved an old man from a big fire last week.
Ⅲ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our (hero).
2.(2022·淮安中考)Sweeping robots from those (factory) can help us clean houses.
3.(2023·南京中考)My teachers provide many (suggestion) for interesting reading materials.
4.(2022·揚州中考)Working as a team means celebrating (victory) and facing losses together.
5.(2022·泰州中考) I spent one (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China’s Stories” competition.
語法專題集訓
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·安徽中考)—Art serves as a ______between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.river B.wall C.palace D.bridge
2.(2024·東營中考)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain
is more active when you are hungry.
—Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ______.
A.meals B.exams C.sleep　　 D.exercise
3.(2024·天津中考) Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ______down.
A.body B.voice C.interest D.service
4.(2024·臨夏州中考)Of all the ______, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A.seasons B.subjects
C.colors D.hobbies
5.(2024·濱州中考)—On April 25,2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft(宇宙飛船) flew to space successfully.
—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new ______
A.method B.energy C.height　　 D.industry
6.(2024·武漢中考) —Have you set a ______on your new phone
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A.date B.lock　
C.wallpaper D.language
7.(2024·長春中考) My birthday ______is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma.
A.trip B.month C.gift D.color
8.(2023·荊州中考)-What can you learn from Journey to the West
-I learn that we should have enough ______to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A.danger B.success
C.courage D.excitement
9.(2023·江西中考)—Kevin, could you pass me some ______ It ’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
10.(2023·孝感中考) —Can you give me some ______on learning English well
—Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A.news B.advice
C.decisions D.messages
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·龍東中考)Last winter holiday, we met some (German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much.
2.(2024·白銀武威) China’s Communist Youth League(中國共產主義青年團)has around 74.17 million ( member).
3.(2024·蘭州中考)We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good.
4.(2023·云南中考)We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many (tomato) do we need
5.(2023·永州中考)Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis (player) in the world, and I love playing table tennis.語法專題提分案
專題一　名　詞
一、名詞的分類
1.專有名詞:表示人、地方、事物、機構、組織等專有名稱的名詞。
2.普通名詞:表示某一類人或事物或表示一個抽象概念的名稱的名詞。
二、名詞的數
1.可數名詞的數
①定義:能用數目來計算,可以分成個體的人或物。
②特點:有單數和復數兩種形式,前面可用基數詞、不定冠詞(a/an)及many等詞修飾。
2.不可數名詞的數
①定義:不能用數目來計算,不可以分成個體的概念、狀態、品質、感情或表示物質材料的東西。
②特點:一般只有單數形式,沒有復數形式,前面可用much,little等詞修飾。
★【拓展】
可數名詞和不可數名詞的常見修飾語如下:
(1)只修飾可數名詞:few, a few, several, a couple of, many, a number of, a great/large number of
(2)只修飾不可數名詞:little, a little, much, a good/great deal of, a bit of, a large amount of
(3)既可修飾可數名詞又可修飾不可數名詞:some, lots of, most, all, a lot of, plenty of, the rest of
3.可數名詞復數形式的構成
(1)規則變化
構成方法 示　例
一般在詞尾加-s girl→girls女孩 desk→desks書桌 mile→miles 英里 bag→bags包
以s、x、sh、ch結尾的加-es brush→brushes 刷子 bus→buses公共汽車 watch→watches 手表 box→boxes箱子
以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞,把y變為i,再加-es city→cities城市
以f或fe結尾的詞,一般把f或fe改為v,再加-es wolf→wolves 狼 leaf→leaves葉子 wife→wives 妻子
以o結尾的可數名詞 有生命的加-es potato→potatoes 土豆 tomato→tomatoes 西紅柿 hero→heroes英雄
無生命的加-s zoo→zoos 動物園 radio→radios 收音機 piano→pianos 鋼琴 photo→photos 照片
(2)不規則變化
構成方法 示例
元音字母 發生變化 foot→feet　　　tooth→teeth man→men woman→women mouse→mice(老鼠) (注意:mouse意為“鼠標”時,復數為mice或mouses)
詞尾加-ren child→children
單復數 形式相同 people, sheep, deer, fish (表示魚的種類多時,其復數為fishes)
只用復數形式 clothes, trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses(眼鏡)
表示“……國人” 單復數同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese
變man為men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen
詞尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans American→Americans Canadian→Canadians
【巧學妙記】中日不變,英法變,其他-s加后面。
★特別注意:
當名詞作定語時,單復數的使用原則如下:
(1)名詞作定語,一般用單數形式。如:country music鄉村音樂,three boy students三個男學生 some girl friends一些女朋友
(2)個別名詞作定語,要用復數形式。如:
a clothes store 一個服裝店
two sports meeting 兩次運動會
(3)man和woman作定語,和后面名詞的單復數保持一致。如:man doctor→men doctors男醫生,woman teacher→women teachers女老師
4.不可數名詞的量化表達
情況 方法 示例
具體的量 數詞+表數量的名詞+of/a piece of +不可數名詞 a piece of paper一張紙
大概的量 表示數量的限定詞(some, much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of/, plenty of等)+不可數名詞 a little money 一點錢 some water 一些水
三、名詞的所有格
1.’s所有格
構成方法 示例
單數名詞加’s today’s newspaper 今天的報紙 boy’s bag 男孩的書包
復數 名詞 以s結尾加’ two hours’ rest 兩小時的休息
不以s結尾加’s Women’s Day婦女節
表示兩個人共同擁有某物,只在后一個名詞詞尾加’s Tom and Peter’s room 湯姆和彼得(共同)的房間
表示兩個人各自擁有某物,在兩個名詞詞尾分別加’s(被修飾名詞要用復數形式) Tom’s and Peter’s shoes 湯姆和彼得的鞋子
2.of所有格
of所有格一般用于表示無生命的東西的名詞中。如:a map of the world 一張世界地圖
3.雙重所有格
(1)of+’s所有格。
如:a friend of Henry’s 亨利的一個朋友
(2)of + 名詞性物主代詞。
如:a good friend of mine我的一個好朋友
四、名詞的功能
1.名詞用作主語:要求謂語動詞必須在人稱和數兩方面和句子的主語一致。
【提醒】特殊名詞,如表示度量、時間、距離、金額等的復數名詞作主語時,謂語動詞往往用單數。
2.名詞作表語　3.名詞作賓語
4.名詞作賓語補足語　5.名詞作同位語
6.名詞作定語
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·淮安中考)Stay away from the river.Look at the sign! It says, “______.”
A.No shouting　　　　 B.No parking
C.No swimming D.No littering
2.(2023·淮安中考)As a student, you should keep a ______between your schoolwork and your hobbies.
A.diary B.record C.secret D.balance
3.(2024·揚州中考)—Do you know why zebra fish are taken to Shenzhou-18
—They have ______like small size and short development cycle.
A.stages B.advantages
C.messages D.passages
4.(2023·南京中考)Look at the picture. The lady is playing the ______.
A.drum B.violin
C.guitar D.piano
5.(2023·南通中考)—______ are easily made, but not easily kept.
—That’s true. Once you make one, be sure to keep it.
A.Speeches B.Decisions
C.Promises　　 D.Suggestions
6.(2022·宿遷中考) My grandma is good at paper-cutting. She can cut out pictures in the ______cartoon characters.
A.ability B.weight C.shape D.quality
Ⅱ.從方框中選用恰當的單詞或短語填空
scientists, success, places of interest,a number of, fireman, tools
1.(2023·淮安中考)Usually, we take some tools to different places to do some cleaning.
2.(2023·淮安中考)After a while, a number of visitors joined us and helped clean the park.
3.(2022淮安中考)The TV series A Lifelong Journey was a great success, which gained a large number of fans.
4.(2024·連云港中考)Yuan Longping, one of the greatest scientists, won respect all over the world.
5.(2024·連云港中考)In the World Park, we can see models of more than a hundred places of interest in a day.
6.(2024·淮安中考)The fireman is very brave.He saved an old man from a big fire last week.
Ⅲ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2023·淮安中考)Jing Haipeng and his team are working in the space station. They’re our heroes(hero).
2.(2022·淮安中考)Sweeping robots from those factories(factory) can help us clean houses.
3.(2023·南京中考)My teachers provide many suggestions(suggestion) for interesting reading materials.
4.(2022·揚州中考)Working as a team means celebrating victories(victory) and facing losses together.
5.(2022·泰州中考) I spent one night’s(night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in“Tell China’s Stories” competition.
語法專題集訓
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·安徽中考)—Art serves as a ______between different nations.
—Yes. It really helps cross-cultural communication.
A.river B.wall C.palace D.bridge
2.(2024·東營中考)—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam, your brain
is more active when you are hungry.
—Interesting! So in order to remember things better, we can study before ______.
A.meals B.exams C.sleep　　 D.exercise
3.(2024·天津中考) Don’t speak loudly on the bus. You should keep your ______down.
A.body B.voice C.interest D.service
4.(2024·臨夏州中考)Of all the ______, I love spring best because it is a symbol of life.
A.seasons B.subjects
C.colors D.hobbies
5.(2024·濱州中考)—On April 25,2024, China’s Shenzhou-18 spacecraft(宇宙飛船) flew to space successfully.
—Wow, China’s space technology has reached a new ______
A.method B.energy C.height　　 D.industry
6.(2024·武漢中考) —Have you set a ______on your new phone
—Certainly. I have to protect my personal information.
A.date B.lock　
C.wallpaper D.language
7.(2024·長春中考) My birthday ______is a toy panda. It’s from my grandma.
A.trip B.month C.gift D.color
8.(2023·荊州中考)-What can you learn from Journey to the West
-I learn that we should have enough ______to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A.danger B.success
C.courage D.excitement
9.(2023·江西中考)—Kevin, could you pass me some ______ It ’s so hot today. I’m really thirsty.
—OK. Here you are.
A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken
10.(2023·孝感中考) —Can you give me some ______on learning English well
—Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A.news B.advice
C.decisions D.messages
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·龍東中考)Last winter holiday, we met some Germans(German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much.
2.(2024·白銀武威) China’s Communist Youth League(中國共產主義青年團)has around 74.17 million members( member).
3.(2024·蘭州中考)We had a bad time that day, but the next day’s(day) trip was pretty good.
4.(2023·云南中考)We’re going to make vegetable salad. How many tomatoes (tomato) do we need
5.(2023·永州中考)Deng Yaping is my hero because she’s one of the best table tennis players (player) in the world, and I love playing table tennis.

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