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專題九　時　態
　　作謂語的動詞,用來表示動作發生或狀態存在時間的各種形式稱為時態。初中階段共學過8種時態,其構成和用法如下:
時態 用法 構成及時間標志詞 例句
一般現在時 1.表示經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態 2.表示客觀事實、普遍真理或格言、諺語等 3.在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,表示將要發生的動作 4.go、come、leave、arrive等動詞常用一般現在時表示計劃、安排好的將要發生的動作,主語多為物 構成: 1.主語(第一、二人稱和復數名詞)+動詞原形 2.主語(第三人稱單數)+動詞第三人稱單數形式 3.主語+am/is/are+其他 標志詞: often、usually、sometimes、every day、once a week/month/year...等 ①I often go to school at seven. 我經常七點去上學。 ②The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。 ③If she is free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就會來看我。 ④The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天早上六點出發。
一般過去時 1.表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態 2.表示過去常常或反復發生的動作,常與頻度副詞連用 構成: 1.主語+動詞過去式 2.主語+was/were+其他 標志詞: yesterday、three years ago、last year/week/night/month、just now、in the past、 the other day、in 2015等 ①He worked in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工廠工作。 ②When I was young, I often played basketball with my classmates. 小時候,我經常和同學打籃球。
一般將來時 1.表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態 2.“be going to+動詞原形”用于表示主觀上安排、打算將要做的事,或表示根據某種跡象判斷很可能將發生的事 構成: 1.主語+will/shall+動詞原形 2.主語+am/is/are going to+動詞原形 標志詞: tomorrow、soon、next week、in+時間段, in 2030、in the future等 ① I will start tomorrow. 我明天動身。 ② Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 看烏云,將要下雨了。
現在進行時 1.表示說話時正在進行的動作 2.表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段一直在進行的動作。 3.表示位置移動的動詞,如 go、come、leave、arrive等常用現在進行時表示最近即將發生的動作,主語多為人 構成: 主語+am/is/are+現在分詞 標志詞: now、look、listen、these days、at the moment等 ①They are watching TV now.他們現在正在看電視。 ②Tom is looking after his mother these days. 這些天,湯姆在照顧他的媽媽。 ③I’m leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我將要動身去北京。
續表
時態 用法 構成及時間標志詞 例句
過去進行時 表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作(動作發生的特定時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明) 構成: 主語+was/were+現在分詞 標志詞: at that moment、at this/that time yesterday、at 8 o’clock yesterday morning、from 9:30 to 11:30 last night等 ①I was watching TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八點我正在看電視。 ②He was reading a novel when I came in. 當我進來的時候,他正在看小說。
現在完成時 1.表示過去發生的動作或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果 2.表示從過去開始持續到現在的動作或狀態,也許還要持續下去,常和for、since連用,表示持續的動作或狀態多用延續性動詞 構成: 主語+have/has+過去分詞 標志詞: just、ever、already、yet、recently、so far、in/during/over the past/last 5 years, for和since引導的時間狀語 ①I have already finished my homework. 我已經完成了我的作業。 ②They have been married for 30 years. 他們已經結婚三十年了。
過去完成時 表示過去的某一時刻以前已經發生的動作或存在的狀態,也就是“過去的過去”。使用過去完成時必須以過去某一時間作為前提 構成: 主語+had+過去分詞 標志詞: by+過去時間或when、 before、 after、until等引導的一般過去時的從句 ①By the end of last term, he had learned about 2,000 English words. 到上學期末為止,他已經學了大約2 000個英語單詞。 ②When I got to the cinema, the movie had begun.當我到達電影院的時候,電影已經開始了。
過去將來時 表示從過去的某一時刻來看將要發生的動作。常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中 構成: 1.主語+would+動詞原形 2.主語+was/were+going to+動詞原形+其他 標志詞: two days later、 the next day/week、 the following day等 ①Tom said he would come two days later. 湯姆說他兩天后來。 ②Linda said she was going to see her aunt the next day. 琳達說她打算第二天去看她的姑媽。
【溫馨提示】
1.一般過去時與現在完成時的區別
區　別 例　句
一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或存在的狀態,只強調過去,和現在無關,常與具體的表示過去的時間連用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 兩年前湯姆住在北京。(不知道現在是否還住在北京)
現在完成時的動作雖然是發生在過去,但是對現在有影響或動作持續到現在 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.湯姆住在北京兩年了。(現在湯姆還住在北京)
2.短暫性動詞和延續性動詞的轉換
短暫性動詞可以用于完成時, 但不能與延續性的時間狀語for..., since...連用,也不能用于how long提問的疑問句中。如果要用,需要進行轉換。常見的短暫性動詞和延續性動詞的轉換形式如下:
短暫性動詞 延續性動詞
buy have
borrow keep
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
become be
leave be away from
die be dead
go out be out
marry be married
join be in/a member of
fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
open be open
close be closed
turn on be on
turn off be off
come to/go to/get to/ reach/arrive at/arrive in be at/in
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·淮安中考)—Mum, I ______the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.have cleaned B.will clean
C.am cleaning D.clean
2.(2023·淮安中考)—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ______a beautiful card for my father.
A.design B.designed
C.will design D.was designing
3.(2022·淮安中考)—I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer.
—I ______an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.
A.was doing B.am doing
C.did D.do
4.(2024·揚州中考)Look! My sister ______the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A.set B.sets
C.is setting D.was setting
5.(2023·徐州中考)I saw Harry in February and I ______him since then.
A.didn’t see B.won’t see　　
C.haven’t seen D.don’t see
6.(2023·揚州中考)I ______China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to
C.have arrived in D.have been in
7.(2023·無錫中考)Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ______over. What a nice surprise!
A.had come B.have come
C.would come D.will come
8.(2022·徐州中考)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ______
A.has he left B.was he leaving
C.did he leave　 D.will he leave
9.(2022·揚州中考)Xia Sen ______a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived
C.was living D.will live
10.(2022·揚州中考)—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ______since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·揚州中考)Elena dropped(drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window.
2.(2024·無錫中考) Some people believe robots will take(take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
3.(2024·無錫中考)Do you mind turning down the music I am attending(attend) an online meeting now.
4.(2024·無錫中考)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts have worked(work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
5.(2023·揚州中考)Chinese Language Day falls(fall) on April 20th of every year,the same day with Guyu.
6.(2022·無錫中考)—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat
—Sorry. I was helping(help) my neighbour look after her baby.
語法專題集訓
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·長春中考) Look! The students ______an art class in the park.
A.have B.were having
C.had D.are having
2.(2024·河北中考)Jenny is an early bird. She ______at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up
C.will get up D.has got up
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)Mr Green ______China for five years.
A.has been to B.has gone to
C.has been in D.has come to
4.(2024·天津中考) —Jane and I ______a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us
—Sure. See you then.
A.had B.have had
C.were having D.are going to have
5.(2024·云南中考)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.
—Oh, I ______singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.
A.will practice B.have practiced
C.am practicing D.was practicing
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·蘭州中考)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim does(do).
2.(2024·達州中考)He preferred(prefer) country music to pop music when he was young.
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)Peter was having(have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
4.(2023·常德中考)—Look! What are the boys doing
—They are playing(play) basketball.
5.(2023·常德中考)—What’s your prediction about the future
—I think there will be(be) less pollution.
6.(2023·武威中考) I have learned(learn) English ever since I was in Grade 3. 專題九　時　態
　　作謂語的動詞,用來表示動作發生或狀態存在時間的各種形式稱為時態。初中階段共學過8種時態,其構成和用法如下:
時態 用法 構成及時間標志詞 例句
一般現在時 1.表示經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態 2.表示客觀事實、普遍真理或格言、諺語等 3.在時間、條件或讓步狀語從句中,表示將要發生的動作 4.go、come、leave、arrive等動詞常用一般現在時表示計劃、安排好的將要發生的動作,主語多為物 構成: 1.主語(第一、二人稱和復數名詞)+動詞原形 2.主語(第三人稱單數)+動詞第三人稱單數形式 3.主語+am/is/are+其他 標志詞: often、usually、sometimes、every day、once a week/month/year...等 ①I often to school at seven. 我經常七點去上學。 ②The earth around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。 ③If she free, she will come to see me tomorrow. 如果她明天有空就會來看我。 ④The train at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天早上六點出發。
一般過去時 1.表示過去某個時間發生的動作或存在的狀態 2.表示過去常常或反復發生的動作,常與頻度副詞連用 構成: 1.主語+動詞過去式 2.主語+was/were+其他 標志詞: yesterday、three years ago、last year/week/night/month、just now、in the past、 the other day、in 2015等 ①He in a factory in 2015. 他2015年在一家工廠工作。 ②When I young, I often played basketball with my classmates. 小時候,我經常和同學打籃球。
一般將來時 1.表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態 2.“be going to+動詞原形”用于表示主觀上安排、打算將要做的事,或表示根據某種跡象判斷很可能將發生的事 構成: 1.主語+will/shall+動詞原形 2.主語+am/is/are going to+動詞原形 標志詞: tomorrow、soon、next week、in+時間段, in 2030、in the future等 ① I tomorrow. 我明天動身。 ② Look at the dark clouds. It . 看烏云,將要下雨了。
現在進行時 1.表示說話時正在進行的動作 2.表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段一直在進行的動作。 3.表示位置移動的動詞,如 go、come、leave、arrive等常用現在進行時表示最近即將發生的動作,主語多為人 構成: 主語+am/is/are+現在分詞 標志詞: now、look、listen、these days、at the moment等 ①They TV now.他們現在正在看電視。 ②Tom after his mother these days. 這些天,湯姆在照顧他的媽媽。 ③I for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我將要動身去北京。
續表
時態 用法 構成及時間標志詞 例句
過去進行時 表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作(動作發生的特定時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明) 構成: 主語+was/were+現在分詞 標志詞: at that moment、at this/that time yesterday、at 8 o’clock yesterday morning、from 9:30 to 11:30 last night等 ①I TV at 8:00 yesterday evening.昨天晚上八點我正在看電視。 ②He a novel when I came in. 當我進來的時候,他正在看小說。
現在完成時 1.表示過去發生的動作或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果 2.表示從過去開始持續到現在的動作或狀態,也許還要持續下去,常和for、since連用,表示持續的動作或狀態多用延續性動詞 構成: 主語+have/has+過去分詞 標志詞: just、ever、already、yet、recently、so far、in/during/over the past/last 5 years, for和since引導的時間狀語 ①I already my homework. 我已經完成了我的作業。 ②They married for 30 years. 他們已經結婚三十年了。
過去完成時 表示過去的某一時刻以前已經發生的動作或存在的狀態,也就是“過去的過去”。使用過去完成時必須以過去某一時間作為前提 構成: 主語+had+過去分詞 標志詞: by+過去時間或when、 before、 after、until等引導的一般過去時的從句 ①By the end of last term, he had learned about 2,000 English words. 到上學期末為止,他已經學了大約2 000個英語單詞。 ②When I got to the cinema, the movie .當我到達電影院的時候,電影已經開始了。
過去將來時 表示從過去的某一時刻來看將要發生的動作。常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中 構成: 1.主語+would+動詞原形 2.主語+was/were+going to+動詞原形+其他 標志詞: two days later、 the next day/week、 the following day等 ①Tom said he two days later. 湯姆說他兩天后來。 ②Linda said she her aunt the next day. 琳達說她打算第二天去看她的姑媽。
【溫馨提示】
1.一般過去時與現在完成時的區別
區　別 例　句
一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或存在的狀態,只強調過去,和現在無關,常與具體的表示過去的時間連用 Tom lived in Beijing two years ago. 兩年前湯姆住在北京。(不知道現在是否還住在北京)
現在完成時的動作雖然是發生在過去,但是對現在有影響或動作持續到現在 Tom has lived in Beijing for two years.湯姆住在北京兩年了。(現在湯姆還住在北京)
2.短暫性動詞和延續性動詞的轉換
短暫性動詞可以用于完成時, 但不能與延續性的時間狀語for..., since...連用,也不能用于how long提問的疑問句中。如果要用,需要進行轉換。常見的短暫性動詞和延續性動詞的轉換形式如下:
短暫性動詞 延續性動詞
buy have
borrow keep
put on wear
catch a cold have a cold
become be
leave be away from
die be dead
go out be out
marry be married
join be in/a member of
fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill
begin/start be on
end/finish be over
open be open
close be closed
turn on be on
turn off be off
come to/go to/get to/ reach/arrive at/arrive in be at/in
3年淮安、江蘇真題
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·淮安中考)—Mum, I ______the living room already.
—Good job! It is so tidy now.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.have cleaned B.will clean
C.am cleaning D.clean
2.(2023·淮安中考)—Su Hai, what will you do for the coming Father’s Day
—I ______a beautiful card for my father.
A.design B.designed
C.will design D.was designing
3.(2022·淮安中考)—I called you at 3 p.m. yesterday, but you didn’t answer.
—I ______an experiment on Chemistry in the school lab.
A.was doing B.am doing
C.did D.do
4.(2024·揚州中考)Look! My sister ______the table. Let’s give her a hand.
A.set B.sets
C.is setting D.was setting
5.(2023·徐州中考)I saw Harry in February and I ______him since then.
A.didn’t see B.won’t see　　
C.haven’t seen D.don’t see
6.(2023·揚州中考)I ______China for three months and this is the first time I’ve tried on hanfu.
A.have gone to B.have been to
C.have arrived in D.have been in
7.(2023·無錫中考)Hey, Aunt Jenny! It’s you! I didn’t expect you ______over. What a nice surprise!
A.had come B.have come
C.would come D.will come
8.(2022·徐州中考)—Daniel has gone to Beijing on business.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ______
A.has he left B.was he leaving
C.did he leave　 D.will he leave
9.(2022·揚州中考)Xia Sen ______a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A.lives B.lived
C.was living D.will live
10.(2022·揚州中考)—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ______since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·揚州中考)Elena (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out of the window.
2.(2024·無錫中考) Some people believe robots (take) most jobs away from humans in the future.
3.(2024·無錫中考)Do you mind turning down the music I (attend) an online meeting now.
4.(2024·無錫中考)The Shenzhou-18 astronauts (work) in Tiangong space station since late April.
5.(2023·揚州中考)Chinese Language Day (fall) on April 20th of every year,the same day with Guyu.
6.(2022·無錫中考)—Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat
—Sorry. I (help) my neighbour look after her baby.
語法專題集訓
Ⅰ.單項選擇
1.(2024·長春中考) Look! The students ______an art class in the park.
A.have B.were having
C.had D.are having
2.(2024·河北中考)Jenny is an early bird. She ______at 6:00 in the morning.
A.gets up B.got up
C.will get up D.has got up
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)Mr Green ______China for five years.
A.has been to B.has gone to
C.has been in D.has come to
4.(2024·天津中考) —Jane and I ______a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us
—Sure. See you then.
A.had B.have had
C.were having D.are going to have
5.(2024·云南中考)—Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon.
—Oh, I ______singing for the graduation ceremony at that time.
A.will practice B.have practiced
C.am practicing D.was practicing
Ⅱ.用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空
1.(2024·蘭州中考)I don’t have a volleyball, but my brother Jim (do).
2.(2024·達州中考)He (prefer) country music to pop music when he was young.
3.(2024·臨夏州中考)Peter (have) supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
4.(2023·常德中考)—Look! What are the boys doing
—They (play) basketball.
5.(2023·常德中考)—What’s your prediction about the future
—I think there (be) less pollution.
6.(2023·武威中考) I (learn) English ever since I was in Grade 3.

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