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專題四 閱讀選擇—推理判斷題
推理判斷題是中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的必考題型之一，也是其中難度較大的題型，屬于深層理解題。它要求學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推論出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)及暗示的含義，即英語(yǔ)中所說(shuō)的“read between the lines”。因此，學(xué)生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之間搭起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，體會(huì)“弦外之音”，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。
分析2019-2024年近六年浙江杭州中考閱讀理解題型考向分布。
年份 體裁 題目類型考察頻次
細(xì)節(jié)理解 推理判斷 詞句猜測(cè) 主旨大意 標(biāo)題歸納 文章結(jié)構(gòu)
2024 應(yīng)用文 2 1
記敘文 2 2
說(shuō)明文 3 2
說(shuō)明文 1 2 1
2023 說(shuō)明文 3
記敘文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
2022 記敘文 3
說(shuō)明文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 1 1 2
2021 記敘文 3
記敘文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 1 1 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
2020 說(shuō)明文 2 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
議論文 2 1 1
2019 廣告 3
記敘文 4
記敘文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
【設(shè)題類型】
1、細(xì)節(jié)推理：直接推理，正確選項(xiàng)是由文中的某處具體信息直接推倒出來(lái)的。
2、歸納推理：需要就文中所提供的多處信息進(jìn)行歸納綜合，推導(dǎo)出新的結(jié)論。
【推理判斷題設(shè)問(wèn)形式】
Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph
What can we infer from the last sentence
What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story
We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
We can infer from the passage that __________.
From this passage, we can infer that __________.
From the passage, we know that __________.
The writer believes that ___________.
1、針對(duì)文章來(lái)源的判斷
這類題目可以根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵詞和格式來(lái)推斷文章的出處，也可以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容的主要意義來(lái)確定文章的出處。
針對(duì)文章寫作目的的判斷
與主旨大意題類似，判斷文章的目的，可以從文章的各段主題句人手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脈絡(luò)，對(duì)作者寫這篇文章的目的進(jìn)行推斷。
針對(duì)文章或者段落內(nèi)容的判斷
對(duì)文章或段落內(nèi)容的判斷主要立足于文章的關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)，考生需要從細(xì)節(jié)中找到線索、總結(jié)推理出正確答案。
針對(duì)作者的思想感情、文字色彩進(jìn)行推斷
文章中的措辭會(huì)體現(xiàn)作者或者其他人物的思想傾向和感彩，這往往隱含在字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。
【真題在線】
2024年浙江中考真題
A
Let’s talk about BEING YOURSELF Mind Tool ☆Remember, you are special! There has been only one “you” since the beginning of time. ☆The world is more colorful because we are all different. We should respect the special qualities (品質(zhì)) of friends, family members and strangers. ☆Even though we are all different, we have things in common too！ Kate Brown
Mary: I I love reading and coming up with creative ideas!
Justin: I really like playing football. Doing sports out-doors is amazing to me!
Linda: Music makes me feel good, so I express myself by writing songs!
Our Suggestions DO WHAT YOU LOVE！ Show your talents! It’s important to let others know your talents. That makes you special. Get creative！ No one else can make things exactly like you. Everything you create has your own “fingerprint” (指紋：特點(diǎn)) on it. Dress to express！ What clothes would you like to wear if you had the choice What color would you put on together You don’t have to follow others！ Keep a diary！ Draw, write and stick in pictures to express yourself! Kate Brown is an expert (專家) of our magazine. She helps students to build up both mind and body. Visit her website for more information: www.katebrown2511.com
18. In which part of the magazine can we read the text
A. Story Time. B. Art and Music. C. Sports News. D. Talks with Experts.
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，強(qiáng)調(diào)了做自己、展示自己的獨(dú)特性和創(chuàng)造力的重要性，并建議通過(guò)從事喜歡的活動(dòng)、穿著表達(dá)個(gè)性以及保持日記來(lái)展現(xiàn)自我。
18. D：推理判斷題。文中提到 “Kate Brown is an expert of our magazine. She helps students to build up both mind and body.”， Kate Brown是雜志的專家。她幫助學(xué)生建立心靈和身體。所以可以在 “Talks with Experts” 部分讀到這篇文章，答案是 D。
D
Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy.
Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (飲食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either.
The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多樣性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food.
A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性腸胃不適癥狀) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.
Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different ”
29. How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable
A. By using pictures . B. By giving examples.
C. By telling stories. D. By listing numbers.
30. Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from
A. History. B. Business. C. Science. D. Culture.
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與僅喂食狗糧相比，給狗提供多樣化的“人類食物”可能有助于保持其健康，并減少成年后患慢性腸胃不適癥狀的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
29. D：推理判斷題。第四段通過(guò)列舉數(shù)字，如 “8,500 young pet dogs”“4,500 of them” 等，使研究更具可信度，答案是 D。
30. C：推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這篇文章主要關(guān)于狗的飲食和健康，涉及科學(xué)研究，所以可能來(lái)自雜志的科學(xué)部分，答案是 C。
2021年杭州中考真題
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（擊掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（劍）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（桿）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
10. Which of the following is limbo dancing？ 　 　
A. B. C. D.
10. A【解析】 推理判斷題。問(wèn)題詢問(wèn)下面哪個(gè)圖片是林波舞。根據(jù)Limbo dancing定位到文章第三段根據(jù)Young people have to dance under a pole（桿）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground得知林波舞通常是指舞者在一只桿下跳舞，而這只桿通常還著著火，不能接觸到舞者，接著還會(huì)放低桿子繼續(xù)進(jìn)行跳舞，有的甚至只在離地只有20cm的桿子下跳舞。根據(jù)描述，可以判斷A的圖片更合適。
2020年杭州中考真題
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Do you believe in green living Read the following blog (博客)and replies about a fun, easy and creative way to make your lifestyle greener.
Posted by Gina at 8:32 a. m. on 11th February 2018 What do you think of the "new" hat I made for my sister It used to be my mum's sweater.
New uses for old clothing Nowadays, we're more wasteful than ever-buying, using and throwing things away without thinking about the costs. We need to start living more responsibly- but how One answer is to upcycle (再生利用) . If you're like me, you might already make soil for gardening from food waste and use empty paper boxes as storage space. Did you know you can apply (應(yīng)用) the same way to old clothing You just need imagination! I started upcycling clothing. Making new things out of old clothes is the best way to mix my talent and my interest. Do you upcycle If so, what new things have you made If not, why not give it a try
Terry BPosted at 9:08 a. m. on 11th February 2018 Why don't you give your old clothes to people in need I even give away the most expensive things I don't wear anymore. So I can help the environment while giving something useful to people in need. GinaPosted at 9:28 a. m. on 11th February 2018 early Good point! I'm talking about only the oldest clothing in your room — the clothes that are too old to be worn by others. The same idea goes for food waste at restaurants and supermarkets. Before upcycling food that can still be eaten, for example, using it to make soil, we should give it to those in need.
Betty99Posted at 10:18 a. m. on 11th February 2018 I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks. Upcycling clothing is a fun hobby, but the most important thing is that it makes me feel like I'm living less wastefully.
（2）Why did Gina give a reply to TerryB
A．To draw TerryB's attention. B．To introduce a new method.
C．To further explain her idea. D．To express her deep regret.
【答案】（2）C
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】科普環(huán)保類；議論文
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介紹了 Gina對(duì)綠色生活的看法——再生利用舊衣物，以及TerryB和 Betty99對(duì)Gina這篇博客的回復(fù)。
（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二部分Gina有關(guān)再利用舊物以及不要的食物的回復(fù)內(nèi)容可知 這是為了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明解釋“再生利用”的觀點(diǎn)，故選C。
【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】
A
Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (導(dǎo)航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (識(shí)別) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1
A．To start a story. B．To explain an idea.
C．To introduce a topic. D．To discuss a problem.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．When smart glasses might be made.
B．Where smart glasses could be used.
C．How smart glasses would give directions.
D．Why smart glasses should be changed.
7．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses
A．Making spatial audio. B．Recognizing voices.
C．Creating digital 3D objects. D．Sending images onto glasses.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
【答案】5．C 8．B
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講和智能手機(jī)一樣能改變我們生活的智能眼鏡將在生活中的應(yīng)用及目前尚待解決的問(wèn)題。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”可知作者寫到智能手機(jī)是為了能引出智能眼鏡的話題。故選C。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.”可知作者認(rèn)為隨著科技的發(fā)展，智能眼鏡可能會(huì)比我們想象的更快到來(lái)，即對(duì)智能眼鏡的前景是比較有信心的。故選B。
B
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.
13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The writer wishes to be a pilot. B．Harry gets paid for testing sweets.
C．Ben lived alone on Hamilton Island. D．Roisin swims eight hours every day.
14．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．At a website. B．In a diary. C．On a postcard. D．In a story book.
【答案】14．A
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了三個(gè)有趣的工作。
推理判斷題。
根據(jù)“Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish” 可知本文可能出現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)站上。故選A。
C
Victor’s project As part of my history project on transport, I did some short interviews with people in my neighborhood. My first interview was with my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young I walked to school with my friends, except for Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports. Then we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore my raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We could not afford a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it would take by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now How do you get around now I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
22．Victor asks Question 4 to get some information about Mrs. Sanderson’s ________.
A．present lifestyle B．family life C．lovely children D．memories of school
23．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her grandchildren B．her favorite activities
C．types of transport D．places she has visited
24．Which of the following is true about Mrs. Sanderson
A．She used to drive to school on wet days.
B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She didn’t like walking to school when young.
D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
25．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________.
A．The Life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed
C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Being Healthy
【答案】 24．D
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是Victor為了完成交通歷史項(xiàng)目，詢問(wèn)鄰居有關(guān)交通方式的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast”可知，開車去任何地方很快，所以她發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在去任何地方都快，D表述正確，故選D。
D
Take the Day Off and Visit Mega Mall
European Tours Want a great holiday See fantastic places of interests! One-stop service for you—including visas & passports. Let our staff help. Visit Shop # 16, on the 5th Floor
Friends to Animals Do you care for the animals Are you good with the cute dogs Can you take care of the homeless cats Volunteer in Pet Shelter to look after animals. Shop #74, open daily 10a.m,— 4p.m.
Art Market Prints by big-name artists. Professional books by famous artists. Priceless Victorian art works. Keep in mind: art increases in value over the years Shop #29, Weekends mornings only
Visit Cool Bike Shop Want to own a shining bicycle Need any fashionable clothes for riding We've got it all for your riding. We pay attention to your needs. Shop #43, open every day 2p.m.— 9p.m.
All Natural New World Supermarket Let natural products bring your skin as new. Don't doubt our products— all have been scientifically tested Visit Green Shop #48, open daily 9a.m.—4p.m.
50．What can we learn from the text
A．You can visit the bike shop at 9 a.m.
B．You can get paid after helping out the animals.
C．You can choose artworks every Saturday morning.
D．You can test the products in New World Supermarket.
文章大意：這是一篇商場(chǎng)內(nèi)不同店鋪的廣告宣傳，包括歐洲旅游服務(wù)、動(dòng)物收容所志愿者機(jī)會(huì)、藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)、自行車店和自然產(chǎn)品超市等信息。
50．推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文"Visit Cool Bike Shop"部分的"Shop #43, open every day 2p.m.— 9p.m."，可知店鋪 #43，每天下午 2 點(diǎn)至晚上 9 點(diǎn)營(yíng)業(yè)；根據(jù)"Friends to Animals"部分的"Volunteer in Pet Shelter to look after animals."可知照顧動(dòng)物的是志愿者，沒(méi)有報(bào)酬；根據(jù)原文"Art Market"部分的"Shop #29，Weekends mornings only"，可知藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)只在周末早上開放，因此可以在每個(gè)周六早上選擇藝術(shù)品；根據(jù)"All Natural"部分的"Don't doubt our products—all have been scientifically tested"可知顧客不得在新世界超市測(cè)試產(chǎn)品。故答案為C。
E
When we look at a picture of Earth from space, there are areas of green, blue, and white. Most people will recognize that the green is land, the blue is water, and the white is clouds. Taken as a whole, Earth is mainly blue. That is because of the amount of water it has that covers the surface.
So, how much of Earth is water About 71% of Earth's surface is covered in water. Of that 71%, the oceans hold 96.5% of the water. This water found in oceans is all salt water. The remaining 3.5% of the water is fresh water, which can be found in lakes, rivers, glaciers (冰川), and in the ground. Fresh water is what people use for farming, raising animals, drinking, and daily activities such as taking showers and washing clothes or dishes.
Does the amount of water stay the same For the most part, yes. Water on Earth is part of a closed system. That is, water is always moving and changing forms between ice, liquid, and gas. The form of the water changes all the time, but the total amount of water on Earth remains the same.
If Earth is not necessarily running out of water, why are people worried Why do we need to think about saving water First, humans can only use fresh water, which is only 3.5% of all of Earth's water. Second, of this 3.5%, only 1% is available for human use. Most fresh water is found in glaciers far from where anyone lives. Third, the amount of water that is useful for humans is being used faster than it can be cleaned and put back into the environment.
Now, knowing the facts about water, it is our job to make sure we use Earth's water in a good way.
48．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．Humans can use all the water on Earth easily.
B．Most fresh water is found in the ground easily.
C．Humans can't use 2.5% of the fresh water freely.
D．Water for humans can be cleaned and recycled fast.
文章大意：文章主要介紹了從太空看地球時(shí)看到的顏色代表的含義，詳細(xì)闡述了地球上水的覆蓋比例、類型（咸水和淡水）以及淡水資源的有限性和人類面臨的用水挑戰(zhàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了合理使用水資源的重要性。
48．推理判斷題。原文"First, humans can only use fresh water, which is only 3.5% of all of Earth's water. Second, of this 3.5%, only 1% is available for human use."首先，人類只能使用淡水，這僅占地球上所有水資源的3.5%。其次，在這3.5%中，只有1%可供人類使用。可知我們可以從第四段了解到人類不能自由使用2.5%的淡水。故答案為：C。
F
Heat packs (暖寶寶貼) are helpful to many of us in the cold winter. However, sometimes a heat pack can swell (膨脹) too much. Is it dangerous
Structure of heat packs Why do heat packs swell A heat pack contains water vapor (水蒸氣). As the heat pack heats up, more water turns into vapor. If the vapor can’t get out quickly enough, the bag swells. Swelling means the heat pack is very hot. If this happens, stop using it immediately to avoid burns. Warning! Do not apply a heat pack directly to the skin or on thin clothing. Avoid using one while sleeping. Check the skin every hour during use and stop using it immediately if you experience any discomfort. How heat packs work
Iron powder When iron powder reacts (反應(yīng)) with oxygen in the air, it produces heat. Activated carbon It can take in water from the air to help the iron powder react with the water. It also spreads heat evenly.
Vermiculite It is a material that helps prevent fires. When mixed with activated carbon, it spreads the iron powder evenly to keep the heat pack from getting too hot and burning the skin. Salt Salt helps iron powder react with the water.
18．In which part of the magazine can we read the text
A．Travel and Culture. B．Science and Life.
C．Creativity and Practice. D．Health and Exercise.
【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了暖寶寶貼的結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理以及使用注意事項(xiàng)
18．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了暖寶寶貼的科學(xué)原理和使用注意事項(xiàng)，涉及科學(xué)知識(shí)和日常生活應(yīng)用。故選B。/ 讓教學(xué)更有效 高效備考 | 英語(yǔ)學(xué)科
專題四 閱讀選擇—推理判斷題
推理判斷題是中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的必考題型之一，也是其中難度較大的題型，屬于深層理解題。它要求學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的內(nèi)容及作者的思路做出合理的判斷和推理，也就是要運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力推論出蘊(yùn)含在文章中卻沒(méi)有明說(shuō)的事實(shí)及暗示的含義，即英語(yǔ)中所說(shuō)的“read between the lines”。因此，學(xué)生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，并借助一定的常識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之間搭起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，體會(huì)“弦外之音”，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。
分析2019-2024年近六年浙江杭州中考閱讀理解題型考向分布。
年份 體裁 題目類型考察頻次
細(xì)節(jié)理解 推理判斷 詞句猜測(cè) 主旨大意 標(biāo)題歸納 文章結(jié)構(gòu)
2024 應(yīng)用文 2 1
記敘文 2 2
說(shuō)明文 3 2
說(shuō)明文 1 2 1
2023 說(shuō)明文 3
記敘文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
2022 記敘文 3
說(shuō)明文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 1 1 2
2021 記敘文 3
記敘文 3 1
說(shuō)明文 1 1 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
2020 說(shuō)明文 2 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 3 1
議論文 2 1 1
2019 廣告 3
記敘文 4
記敘文 2 1 1
說(shuō)明文 2 1 1
【設(shè)題類型】
1、細(xì)節(jié)推理：直接推理，正確選項(xiàng)是由文中的某處具體信息直接推倒出來(lái)的。
2、歸納推理：需要就文中所提供的多處信息進(jìn)行歸納綜合，推導(dǎo)出新的結(jié)論。
【推理判斷題設(shè)問(wèn)形式】
Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph
What can we infer from the last sentence
What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story
We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
We can infer from the passage that __________.
From this passage, we can infer that __________.
From the passage, we know that __________.
The writer believes that ___________.
1、針對(duì)文章來(lái)源的判斷
這類題目可以根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵詞和格式來(lái)推斷文章的出處，也可以根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容的主要意義來(lái)確定文章的出處。
針對(duì)文章寫作目的的判斷
與主旨大意題類似，判斷文章的目的，可以從文章的各段主題句人手，了解文章大意，梳理文章脈絡(luò)，對(duì)作者寫這篇文章的目的進(jìn)行推斷。
針對(duì)文章或者段落內(nèi)容的判斷
對(duì)文章或段落內(nèi)容的判斷主要立足于文章的關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)，考生需要從細(xì)節(jié)中找到線索、總結(jié)推理出正確答案。
針對(duì)作者的思想感情、文字色彩進(jìn)行推斷
文章中的措辭會(huì)體現(xiàn)作者或者其他人物的思想傾向和感彩，這往往隱含在字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中。
【真題在線】
2024年浙江中考真題
A
Let’s talk about BEING YOURSELF Mind Tool ☆Remember, you are special! There has been only one “you” since the beginning of time. ☆The world is more colorful because we are all different. We should respect the special qualities (品質(zhì)) of friends, family members and strangers. ☆Even though we are all different, we have things in common too！ Kate Brown
Mary: I I love reading and coming up with creative ideas!
Justin: I really like playing football. Doing sports out-doors is amazing to me!
Linda: Music makes me feel good, so I express myself by writing songs!
Our Suggestions DO WHAT YOU LOVE！ Show your talents! It’s important to let others know your talents. That makes you special. Get creative！ No one else can make things exactly like you. Everything you create has your own “fingerprint” (指紋：特點(diǎn)) on it. Dress to express！ What clothes would you like to wear if you had the choice What color would you put on together You don’t have to follow others！ Keep a diary！ Draw, write and stick in pictures to express yourself! Kate Brown is an expert (專家) of our magazine. She helps students to build up both mind and body. Visit her website for more information: www.katebrown2511.com
18. In which part of the magazine can we read the text
A. Story Time. B. Art and Music. C. Sports News. D. Talks with Experts.
D
Do you get in trouble for feeding your dog on food from dinner under the table A new study suggests that by sharing “people food”, you might actually be helping to keep your pet healthy.
Many dogs are fed dry processed food. Science has shown that a diet (飲食) of processed food is not healthy for humans. Scientists from the University of Helsinki, in Finland, say this diet is not good for our pet dogs, either.
The scientists discovered that the food a dog might find in an owner’s home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of food leads to more variety (多樣性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest (消化) food.
A total of 8,500 young pet dogs took part in the study. 4,500 of them were under 6 months old, and the rest were between 6 and 18 months old. The owners were asked about what food they had fed their pets and how often. When the dogs reached adulthood, their owners reported that about 20% of the dogs showed CE symptoms (慢性腸胃不適癥狀) such as weight loss. However, if dogs had been fed a mixed diet while young, it was 22% less possible for them to experience CE symptoms later in life.
Dr. Anna Hielm Bjorkman told The Times of London, “Dog food on sale is described as providing a complete diet. But what we show is that variety is important. Nobody would give 12 years of the same food to a child—why should a dog be different ”
29. How does the writer describe the study in Paragraph 4 to make it believable
A. By using pictures . B. By giving examples.
C. By telling stories. D. By listing numbers.
30. Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from
A. History. B. Business. C. Science. D. Culture.
2021年杭州中考真題
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
C
Flamenco is very popular in southern Spain. It begins with guitar music and clapping（擊掌）and then dancers join the performance. Sometimes a woman dances alone and sometimes she dances with a man. The woman always wears a long，colorful dress. She moves her arms and hands slowly but her feet move in fast difficult steps. The man often wears black. Both dancers click their shoes on the floor when they dance around each other.
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine. They are very energetic — some are more like gymnastics than dancing! Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords（劍）. The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities，for example，sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
Limbo dancing is first from West Africa but today it is an important part of celebrations in the Caribbean. Young people have to dance under a pole（桿）. The pole is often on fire and the dancer mustn't touch it! After a successful "limbo"，they put the pole lower and do it again. Some dancers can dance under a pole just twenty centimeters off the ground!
Mask（面具）dances are important for the Dogon people in Mali. Each village makes different masks. They are often huge and colorful. There are masks of people，monsters or local animals like crocodiles and monkeys. Mask dancers are always men and they dance to the sound of drums for hours after the death of a person in the village. Today，Dogon villagers also perform the dances for tourists.
10. Which of the following is limbo dancing？ 　 　
A. B. C. D.
2020年杭州中考真題
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
Do you believe in green living Read the following blog (博客)and replies about a fun, easy and creative way to make your lifestyle greener.
Posted by Gina at 8:32 a. m. on 11th February 2018 What do you think of the "new" hat I made for my sister It used to be my mum's sweater.
New uses for old clothing Nowadays, we're more wasteful than ever-buying, using and throwing things away without thinking about the costs. We need to start living more responsibly- but how One answer is to upcycle (再生利用) . If you're like me, you might already make soil for gardening from food waste and use empty paper boxes as storage space. Did you know you can apply (應(yīng)用) the same way to old clothing You just need imagination! I started upcycling clothing. Making new things out of old clothes is the best way to mix my talent and my interest. Do you upcycle If so, what new things have you made If not, why not give it a try
Terry BPosted at 9:08 a. m. on 11th February 2018 Why don't you give your old clothes to people in need I even give away the most expensive things I don't wear anymore. So I can help the environment while giving something useful to people in need. GinaPosted at 9:28 a. m. on 11th February 2018 early Good point! I'm talking about only the oldest clothing in your room — the clothes that are too old to be worn by others. The same idea goes for food waste at restaurants and supermarkets. Before upcycling food that can still be eaten, for example, using it to make soil, we should give it to those in need.
Betty99Posted at 10:18 a. m. on 11th February 2018 I've made shopping bags out of T-shirts and dog toys out of socks. Upcycling clothing is a fun hobby, but the most important thing is that it makes me feel like I'm living less wastefully.
（2）Why did Gina give a reply to TerryB
A．To draw TerryB's attention. B．To introduce a new method.
C．To further explain her idea. D．To express her deep regret.
【限時(shí)訓(xùn)練】
A
Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (導(dǎo)航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (識(shí)別) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1
A．To start a story. B．To explain an idea.
C．To introduce a topic. D．To discuss a problem.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．When smart glasses might be made.
B．Where smart glasses could be used.
C．How smart glasses would give directions.
D．Why smart glasses should be changed.
7．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses
A．Making spatial audio. B．Recognizing voices.
C．Creating digital 3D objects. D．Sending images onto glasses.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Confident. C．Satisfied. D．Uncertain.
B
What is your dream job, a pilot or a policeman What do you hope your job is like Read the following stories and find more at www.cambridge.org/aw/cambridgeenglish.
The sweetest job Harry is only 12, but he is working for a sweet company. His job is probably the best in the company—the sweet tester. When a new sweet is invented, Harry eats it, writes a report about it and sends his report to the factory. And then a decision is made about whether to make the sweet or not. As a child, he’s too young to work for money. But he gets free sweets!
Desert Island Blogger Do you wish to live on an island and get paid Ben got such a job, but it was hard work! He had to live alone in a house（with a swimming pool）on Hamilton Island and spend every day swimming, exploring and relaxing. Then he had to write a blog to show his findings and feelings.
Sleeping on the job Usually, sleeping on the job is a big problem—if you fall asleep, you’ll lose the job! But Roisin was paid to sleep on the job. She slept in designer beds eight hours a day, every day for a month, and tested them to see what makes “a good night’s sleep”. In the end, Roisin had to write a report about the beds.
12．What is the passage mainly about
A．Interesting jobs. B．Wonderful places.
C．Kinds of factories. D．Life on an island.
13．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The writer wishes to be a pilot. B．Harry gets paid for testing sweets.
C．Ben lived alone on Hamilton Island. D．Roisin swims eight hours every day.
14．Where can we most probably read the passage
A．At a website. B．In a diary. C．On a postcard. D．In a story book.
C
Victor’s project As part of my history project on transport, I did some short interviews with people in my neighborhood. My first interview was with my friend Susan’s grandmother, Mrs. Sanderson. Question 1 How did you get to school when you were young I walked to school with my friends, except for Fridays when we had to carry all of our things for school sports. Then we caught the bus. I enjoyed walking because we could chat on the way. I didn’t like it when it was raining though, but Mum always made sure I wore my raincoat and gumboots. On the other hand, I became a strong walker, and I believe that’s why I’ve been healthy all my life. Question 2 My parents drive me to school. Why didn’t you go to school by car You know, we were not rich enough at that time. We could not afford a car until after I had finished school. Question 3 How did you get around when you weren’t going to school We often went for a family trip by train. Most weekends we went on picnics and I loved playing with my cousins in the park. The trip took much longer than it would take by car today of course. Question 4 How do you get around now How do you get around now I still love walking, but I need to drive my grandchildren around, so I mainly use my car. It is fast.
22．Victor asks Question 4 to get some information about Mrs. Sanderson’s ________.
A．present lifestyle B．family life C．lovely children D．memories of school
23．In all of her answers, Mrs. Sanderson talks about ________.
A．her grandchildren B．her favorite activities
C．types of transport D．places she has visited
24．Which of the following is true about Mrs. Sanderson
A．She used to drive to school on wet days.
B．She couldn’t answer all Victor’s questions.
C．She didn’t like walking to school when young.
D．She finds it quicker to get to places these days.
25．The best title of Victor’s finished project is probably ________.
A．The Life of Mrs. Sanderson B．How Travelling Has Changed
C．People in My Neighborhood D．The Importance of Being Healthy
D
Take the Day Off and Visit Mega Mall
European Tours Want a great holiday See fantastic places of interests! One-stop service for you—including visas & passports. Let our staff help. Visit Shop # 16, on the 5th Floor
Friends to Animals Do you care for the animals Are you good with the cute dogs Can you take care of the homeless cats Volunteer in Pet Shelter to look after animals. Shop #74, open daily 10a.m,— 4p.m.
Art Market Prints by big-name artists. Professional books by famous artists. Priceless Victorian art works. Keep in mind: art increases in value over the years Shop #29, Weekends mornings only
Visit Cool Bike Shop Want to own a shining bicycle Need any fashionable clothes for riding We've got it all for your riding. We pay attention to your needs. Shop #43, open every day 2p.m.— 9p.m.
All Natural New World Supermarket Let natural products bring your skin as new. Don't doubt our products— all have been scientifically tested Visit Green Shop #48, open daily 9a.m.—4p.m.
50．What can we learn from the text
A．You can visit the bike shop at 9 a.m.
B．You can get paid after helping out the animals.
C．You can choose artworks every Saturday morning.
D．You can test the products in New World Supermarket.
E
When we look at a picture of Earth from space, there are areas of green, blue, and white. Most people will recognize that the green is land, the blue is water, and the white is clouds. Taken as a whole, Earth is mainly blue. That is because of the amount of water it has that covers the surface.
So, how much of Earth is water About 71% of Earth's surface is covered in water. Of that 71%, the oceans hold 96.5% of the water. This water found in oceans is all salt water. The remaining 3.5% of the water is fresh water, which can be found in lakes, rivers, glaciers (冰川), and in the ground. Fresh water is what people use for farming, raising animals, drinking, and daily activities such as taking showers and washing clothes or dishes.
Does the amount of water stay the same For the most part, yes. Water on Earth is part of a closed system. That is, water is always moving and changing forms between ice, liquid, and gas. The form of the water changes all the time, but the total amount of water on Earth remains the same.
If Earth is not necessarily running out of water, why are people worried Why do we need to think about saving water First, humans can only use fresh water, which is only 3.5% of all of Earth's water. Second, of this 3.5%, only 1% is available for human use. Most fresh water is found in glaciers far from where anyone lives. Third, the amount of water that is useful for humans is being used faster than it can be cleaned and put back into the environment.
Now, knowing the facts about water, it is our job to make sure we use Earth's water in a good way.
48．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．Humans can use all the water on Earth easily.
B．Most fresh water is found in the ground easily.
C．Humans can't use 2.5% of the fresh water freely.
D．Water for humans can be cleaned and recycled fast.
F
Heat packs (暖寶寶貼) are helpful to many of us in the cold winter. However, sometimes a heat pack can swell (膨脹) too much. Is it dangerous
Structure of heat packs Why do heat packs swell A heat pack contains water vapor (水蒸氣). As the heat pack heats up, more water turns into vapor. If the vapor can’t get out quickly enough, the bag swells. Swelling means the heat pack is very hot. If this happens, stop using it immediately to avoid burns. Warning! Do not apply a heat pack directly to the skin or on thin clothing. Avoid using one while sleeping. Check the skin every hour during use and stop using it immediately if you experience any discomfort. How heat packs work
Iron powder When iron powder reacts (反應(yīng)) with oxygen in the air, it produces heat. Activated carbon It can take in water from the air to help the iron powder react with the water. It also spreads heat evenly.
Vermiculite It is a material that helps prevent fires. When mixed with activated carbon, it spreads the iron powder evenly to keep the heat pack from getting too hot and burning the skin. Salt Salt helps iron powder react with the water.
18．In which part of the magazine can we read the text
A．Travel and Culture. B．Science and Life.
C．Creativity and Practice. D．Health and Exercise.

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