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V + back短語動詞
在高中英語學習中，“V + back”結構的短語動詞數量豐富，語義多樣。這些短語動詞的含義與“back”的基本義“回原處，回原狀”以及引申義“向后面，往后面”“還，回”緊密相關，下面將對常見的“V + back”短語動詞進行詳細解析。
一、基于“向后面，往后面”含義的短語動詞
（一）fall back
向后倒下：“I fell back and hurt my head.”，這里描述了“我”向后摔倒并傷到頭部的情景，“fall back”直接體現了身體向后倒下的動作 。
落后：在競爭或發展的情境中，“Don't fall back now, just when you're doing so well.”，表示在進展順利時不要落后，強調在某個進程中位置或程度上的后退 。
后退，退卻：常用于描述軍隊或人群的行動，“The army has begun falling back.”，指軍隊開始向后撤退，突出戰略上的向后移動 。
下降，減少：用于描述數量、程度等方面的變化，“Students' number has fallen back in recent years.”，表明近年來學生數量有所下降，體現數量上的回落 。
（二）fall back on：求助于，借助于，依靠
這是一個比喻用法，“You can always fall back on him whenever you're in trouble.”，意思是在遇到困難時，你總能依靠他，形象地表達了在困境中尋求支持的含義 。
（三）get back
退后，走開，讓開：在警示或要求他人讓出空間的場景中使用，“Get back or I will shoot.”，帶有命令的語氣，讓對方往后退 。
返回，回家：表示從別處回到原來的地方，“What time did you get back last night ”，詢問昨晚回來的時間，強調回到出發地 。
把…送回：涉及將某人或某物送回到原來的位置或歸屬處，“Don't worry. We will get you back home safely.”，承諾將某人安全送回家 。
取回，恢復：“She's got her old job back.”，表示重新獲得之前的工作，即恢復到過去擁有的狀態 。
（四）go back
后退，退開，站遠些：用于提醒他人遠離危險，“Go back! The roof is falling.”，強調讓人向后退以避免危險 。
回到，返回：既可以指回到某個地點，“Can we go back inside ”，也可以表示回到某種狀態，如“恢復(從前的狀態)”，“Once you have taken this decision, there is no going back.”，指做出決定后無法回到之前的狀態 。
回憶，憶起：“He went back to his childhood.”，表示回憶起童年時光，讓思緒回到過去 。
起源，追溯：“The traditional festival goes back to the period of the Warring States.”，說明傳統節日的起源可以追溯到戰國時期，強調時間上的回溯 。
(罷工后)復工：“The strikes won't go back until they get a pay rise.”，指工人在罷工后，直到獲得加薪才會回到工作崗位 。
(夏令時結束之際)撥回原來的時間：“The clocks go back tonight. We get an extra hour in bed.”，描述了夏令時結束時將時鐘調回原來時間的情況 。
（五）keep back
往后退，(與…)保持距離：在危險情況下提醒他人保持安全距離，“Keep back! The big tree is falling”，防止受到大樹倒下的影響 。
阻止，抑制：常與情感、行為等搭配，“She could hardly keep back the tears.”，表示她幾乎忍不住眼淚，即抑制情感的表達 。
隱瞞，保留：指不透露信息或保留物品，“I'm sure she's keeping something back from us.”，懷疑她對我們隱瞞了一些事情 。
（六）look back
回頭看：表示轉頭向身后看的動作，“Go straight ahead and don't look back.”，常用于指引方向或要求專注向前 。
(at/on/to)回顧，回憶：“He looked back on his childhood with mixed feelings.”，帶著復雜的情感回憶童年，強調對過去經歷的回想 。
（七）move back
(使)退后，(使)后移：用于描述物體或人的位置移動，“Move back! The house is falling!”，提醒人們向后移動以躲避危險 。
(使)回到原位，(使)歸位：“His eyes moved back to her face.”，表示眼睛的視線回到她的臉上，回到原來的位置 。
(使)推遲，(使)延期：“They have moved back the date of the sports meeting.”，指將運動會的日期向后推遲 。
（八）pull back
退回，縮回：“The crowd pulled back to let the famous singer through.”，人群向后退為歌手讓路，描述人群的動作 。
撤離，撤回(部隊)：軍事上指將部隊撤回，“The general decided to pull his troops back.”，體現戰略上的調整 。
退卻，反悔：“The manager pulled back from signing the contract.”，表示經理在簽署合同問題上退縮、反悔 。
（九）set back
向后移：“Would you please help me to set the desk back ”，請求幫忙把桌子向后移動，改變其位置 。
推遲，延緩，阻礙：“The rain set the building program back by several weeks.”，雨水導致建筑項目推遲了幾周，強調對進程的負面影響 。
使花費，使破費：“This new house will set him back quite a bit.”，購買新房子會讓他花費很多錢，突出金錢上的支出 。
（十）sit back
(使)向后倚坐：“Sit back and listen to me.”，讓人向后靠坐著聽，描述一種放松的坐姿 。
在一旁閑著，袖手旁觀：“They won't sit back and let you do it.”，表示他們不會無所事事地看著你做，強調不參與、不幫忙的狀態 。
（十一）stand back
靠后站，退后：“Stand back! It's dangerous ahead!”，警告前方危險，讓人往后站，保障自身安全 。
位于遠離…的地方：“Our school stands back from the road.”，說明學校的位置離道路有一定距離，描述位置關系 。
置身事外(來考慮)，旁觀：“She ran the family and her husband stood back.”，她操持家庭事務，而她丈夫在一旁不參與，體現不介入的態度 。
（十二）turn back
折起，向后翻：“The collar turns back in the latest fashion.”，指衣領按照最新款式向后翻折，描述衣物的樣式 。
(使)原路返回，往回走：“The weather got so bad that we turned back.”，因為天氣惡劣，“我們”不得不原路返回，改變行進方向 。
二、基于“還，回”含義的短語動詞
（一）answer back：(小孩)還嘴，犟嘴
常見于小孩與長輩對話時不禮貌的回應場景，“Don't answer back like that.”，告誡小孩不要這樣頂嘴 。
（二）bounce back
恢復健康，重振旗鼓：用于描述身體恢復或在困境后重新振作，“Don't worry about his illness, he will bounce back soon.”，安慰他人不用擔心病情，他很快會恢復健康 。
(電子郵件)退回：“I sent the author an email, but it bounced back.”，表示發送的郵件被退回，未成功送達 。
（三）bring back
帶回，歸還，(使)回來：“She's gone and nothing can bring her back.”，表示無法讓她回來，也可指帶回物品或人，如歸還物品等 。
回憶起，使想起：“Seeing you brought back many happy memories to me.”，看到你讓“我”回憶起許多快樂的往事，強調喚起記憶 。
恢復：“The holiday brought her back to health.”，度假使她恢復了健康，指恢復到良好的狀態 。
（四）call back
叫回，召回：“He was called back from his holiday to handle the problem.”，他在度假時被召回處理問題，強調讓人返回 。
再次訪問：“I will call back later when your wife's at home.”，打算等對方妻子在家時再次拜訪，指再次前往某個地方 。
回電話：“Martin phoned. Can you call him back ”，馬丁打電話了，詢問是否能回電話給他 。
（五）choke back：忍住，抑制，克制
與情感相關，“She choked back her tears.”，她強忍著不讓眼淚流下來，體現克制情感的行為 。
（六）come back
回來，返回：“Come back here at once!”，命令某人立刻回來，最基本的表示返回的意思 。
再次出現，再度發生：“His stomachache has come back again.”，他的胃痛又發作了，指某種情況再次出現 。
再受歡迎，再度盛行：“Miniskirts are starting to come back.”，迷你裙又開始流行起來，描述事物重新受到歡迎 。
(突然)回憶起，回想起：“It suddenly came back to me where I saw him.”，突然想起在哪里見過他，強調記憶的突然浮現 。
回擊，反駁：“He came back at the speaker with some sharp questions.”，他用尖銳的問題回擊發言者，指回應并反駁他人 。
（七）cut back
急忙返回，迅速返回：“He cut back through the woods to where he had been standing before.”，他穿過樹林急忙返回之前站的地方，突出返回的速度快 。
削減，縮減：“The government cut back on public spending.”，政府削減公共開支，指在數量或規模上減少 。
修剪，截短：“Gardeners are cutting the lawn back.”，園丁在修剪草坪，指對植物進行修剪，使其變短 。
（八）date back to/from：追溯到，起始于
用于描述事物的起源時間，“Our partnership dates back to 1990.”和“The tradition dates from the Tang Dynasty.”，分別表明合作關系始于1990年，傳統起源于唐朝 。
（九）fight back
抵抗，還擊：在面對攻擊或欺負時，“Don't let them bully you, Fight back!”，鼓勵不要被欺負，要進行反抗 。
克制(感情)，忍住：“She tried to fight back the tears.”，她努力克制不讓眼淚流出來，與“choke back”意思相近 。
（十）get back at：對…報復
表示對某人進行報復，“I will get back at them somehow for this!”，“我”會想辦法報復他們，帶有負面情緒 。
（十一）give back
歸還，送還(原主)：“Give the book back to your brother.”，把書還給你哥哥，強調將物品歸還原主 。
回報，報答(眾人)：“I'd like to give something back to the community.”，想要回報社區，指對他人或群體給予回饋 。
（十二）go back on：違背(諾言等)
“go back on”表示違背承諾，“He went back on his promise.”，他違背了自己的諾言，體現不遵守承諾的行為 。
（十三）hand back
把…歸還(給原先或合法的擁有者、國家等)：“The territory was handed back to China.”，領土被歸還給中國，涉及領土、物品等歸還所屬方 。
把…歸還(給原主人)：“Please hand back your room key before leaving the hotel.”，離開酒店前請歸還房間鑰匙，指將物品歸還原主 。
（十四）have back
要回，收回(被借走或拿走的東西)：“Can I have the book back by Wednesday ”，詢問能否在周三前要回借出去的書 。
愿(與某人)重修舊好：“I will never have her back.”，表示永遠不會與她和好，用于描述人際關系 。
（十五）hold back
猶豫，躊躇：面對機會時，“Don't hold back! This opportunity is too good to miss!”，鼓勵不要猶豫，抓住機會 。
阻礙，妨礙：“No one can hold back the wheel of history.”，沒有人能阻擋歷史的車輪，強調對事物發展的阻礙 。
抑制，克制(感情)：“She struggled to hold back her tears.”，她努力克制不讓眼淚流出來，控制情感表達 。
隱瞞，保守(秘密)：“Don't hold anything back. You must tell me everything.”，要求不要隱瞞，把所有事情都說出來 。
留出，留下(金錢等供日后之用)：“Thomas held back a sum to cover his incidental expenses.”，托馬斯留出一筆錢用于支付雜費 。
（十六）pay back
償還，還錢給(某人)：“I will pay you back tomorrow.”，承諾明天還錢給對方，涉及金錢債務的歸還 。
回報，向…報復：“How can I pay you back for all your kindness ”表示回報對方的好意；“She paid him back for his rudeness by refusing to talk to him.”，她通過拒絕和他說話來報復他的粗魯 。
（十七）play back
把(球)傳回：在球類運動場景中，“When he got the ball, he played it back at once.”，他拿到球后立刻把球傳回去 。
為(某人)播放(錄音、錄像等)：“When we have finished the recording we will play it back to you.”，錄制完成后會為你播放錄音，指回放錄制的內容 。
（十八）put back
把…放回：“Put the dictionary back on the shelf.”，把字典放回書架，強調將物品放回原來的位置 。
推遲，延遲：“The game has been put back to next week.”，比賽被推遲到下周，指將活動等向后延期 。
拖延，延緩：“The strike has put back our deliveries by over a month.”，罷工使交付延遲了一個多月，突出對進程的拖延 。
撥回(鐘表指針)，(尤指夏時制結束時)向后撥：“He put the clock back an hour.”，他把時鐘調回一小時，常用于調整時間 。
快速大量喝(酒)：“He can put back nine or ten beers on a good night.”，形容他在狀態好的時候能喝很多啤酒 。
用…回報，以…報答：“The school has been so good to me, I really want to put something back into it.”，學校對“我”很好，“我”想回報學校 。
(船)返航，駛回：“The ship put back to harbour last night.”，船昨晚返回港口，描述船的行駛方向改變并回到港口 。
（十九）report back
發回報告，(向某人)匯報：“I have to report back to the manager on our progress.”，必須向經理匯報進展情況，指向上級反饋信息 。
返回(工作崗位等)：“It's time to report back for work.”，到了返回工作崗位的時候了，強調回到工作場所 。
（二十）ring back：回電話
與“call back”意思相近，“Your mother called. She wants you to ring back.”，你媽媽打電話了，她希望你回電話 。
（二十一）send back：把…退回，遣還
“send back”表示將物品或人送回原來的地方，“The refugees were sent back to their own country.”，難民被遣送回他們自己的國家 。
（二十二）take back
歸還，退還：“He took the book back to the library.”，他把書還回圖書館，指將物品歸還 。
領回，帶回(某人)：“This bus will take you back to the school.”，這輛公交車會把你帶回學校，涉及帶領某人回到某個地方 。
收回，接受退貨：“The supermarket has promised to take back any unsatisfactory goods.”，超市承諾接受不滿意商品的退貨 。
同意復婚：“Julia refused to take her husband back.”，朱莉婭拒絕和她丈夫復婚，用于描述婚姻關系 。
收回(說過的話)：“I took back everything I said.”，“我”收回之前說的所有話，指對自己言論的否定 。
使回想起：“That song takes me back a bit!”，那首歌讓“我”回想起一些往事，喚起回憶 。
（二十三）talk back：回嘴，頂嘴
與“answer back”類似，“The student was sent out for talking back to the teacher.”，學生因和老師頂嘴被趕出去 。
think back to回想，回憶
(think想back還，回→往回想→回想，回憶)She thought back to the day they first met.
write back回信，復信
(write寫信back還，回→往回寫信→寫回信，復信)I received his letter a week ago,but I forgot to write back.
故事法巧記短語
### 故事一：校園足球賽的逆襲
Last week, our school held a football match. Our class team was up against a very strong opponent. At the beginning of the game, we were all excited and full of confidence. But soon, things started to go wrong.
The other team was really good, and we began to fall back (落后). Their players were much faster, and we found it hard to keep up. Our coach shouted, "Don't fall back! Keep fighting!" But for a while, it seemed like we were losing control.
Then, our captain, Tom, got an idea. He called back (召集) the team and said, "We need to change our strategy. Let's fall back on (求助于，借助于，依靠) our teamwork. We've practiced together, and that's our strength." With that, they started to play more closely as a team.
In the second half of the game, we managed to get back (恢復) some of our momentum. Tom passed the ball to Jack, who quickly played it back (把(球)傳回) to Tom. Tom ran forward and scored a goal! The whole class cheered.
But the other team didn't give up. They attacked hard, and we had to keep back (往后退，(與…)保持距離) and defend. Our goalkeeper, Mike, made some amazing saves. He blocked a shot that almost went in, and we all breathed a sigh of relief.
As the game went on, we realized we could win. We fought back (抵抗，還擊) even harder. Another player, David, got the ball and ran past several opponents. He kicked the ball hard, and it went straight into the goal. We were leading now!
The other team tried to turn things around, but we held back (抑制，克制(感情)，這里指克制勝利的喜悅，保持專注) our excitement and continued to play well. In the end, we won the game. We all jumped up and down, celebrating our victory. This game taught us that no matter how difficult the situation is, we can bounce back (恢復健康，重振旗鼓，這里指在比賽中扭轉局勢) if we stick together and fight back.
**中文翻譯**：上周，我們學校舉辦了一場足球比賽。我們班的球隊對陣一支實力很強的對手。比賽一開始，我們都很興奮，充滿信心。但很快，情況就開始不對勁了。
對方球隊非常出色，我們開始落后。他們的球員速度更快，我們很難跟上。我們的教練喊道：“別落后！繼續戰斗！” 但有一段時間，我們似乎失去了控制。
然后，我們的隊長湯姆想出了一個主意。他召集隊員們說：“我們需要改變策略。我們要依靠團隊合作。我們一起訓練過，這是我們的優勢。” 于是，他們開始更加緊密地團隊協作。
比賽下半場，我們設法恢復了一些勢頭。湯姆把球傳給杰克，杰克迅速把球傳回給湯姆。湯姆向前跑，進了一球！全班同學都歡呼起來。
但是對方球隊沒有放棄。他們猛烈進攻，我們不得不后退防守。我們的守門員邁克做出了一些精彩的撲救。他擋住了一個差點進球的射門，我們都松了一口氣。
隨著比賽的進行，我們意識到我們能贏。我們更加努力地反擊。另一名球員大衛拿到球，突破了幾個對手。他用力踢球，球直接進了球門。我們現在領先了！
對方球隊試圖扭轉局面，但我們克制住興奮的心情，繼續好好比賽。最后，我們贏得了比賽。我們都高興得跳了起來，慶祝勝利。這場比賽讓我們明白，無論情況多么困難，只要我們團結在一起并反擊，就能在困境中扭轉局勢。
### 故事二：神秘的舊照片
One day, while cleaning the attic, I found an old box. Curious, I opened it and saw a bunch of old photos. As I looked through them, I was taken back (使回想起) to my childhood.
There was a photo of me and my grandparents. I thought back to (回想，回憶) the days when we used to go fishing together. We would always go back (回到，返回) to their small cottage by the lake after a long day of fishing. Those were the days when I didn't have a care in the world.
I showed the photos to my mom. She looked back on (回顧，回憶) those times with a smile. "These photos bring back (回憶起，使想起) so many good memories," she said. One of the photos was of my parents' wedding. Mom told me how they had to cut back (削減，縮減) on some expenses because they didn't have much money at that time.
I decided to keep the photos safe. I put them back (把…放回) in the box carefully. But then, I noticed one photo was missing a corner. I wondered what had happened to it. I asked my mom if she knew, but she said she had no idea.
A few days later, my cousin came to visit. He saw the box of photos and started looking through them. Suddenly, he said, "I think I've seen that missing corner before." He went back (返回) to his house and came back (回來，返回) with a small piece of photo. It was the missing corner! He had found it when he was cleaning his room a long time ago and had forgotten about it.
We were so happy to have the photo complete again. We put it back in the box and decided to take better care of these precious memories. These old photos were like a time - machine, taking us back to the good old days and making us cherish the past even more.
**中文翻譯**：一天，我在打掃閣樓的時候，發現了一個舊盒子。出于好奇，我打開它，看到了一堆舊照片。當我翻看這些照片時，我的思緒回到了童年。
有一張我和祖父母的合影。我回想起我們一起去釣魚的日子。釣了一整天魚后，我們總是會回到湖邊他們的小農舍。那些日子里，我無憂無慮。
我把照片拿給媽媽看。她微笑著回憶起那些時光。“這些照片勾起了好多美好的回憶。” 她說。其中有一張是我父母的結婚照。媽媽告訴我，因為當時他們沒什么錢，所以不得不削減一些開支。
我決定好好保管這些照片。我小心翼翼地把它們放回盒子里。但后來，我發現有一張照片缺了一角。我想知道發生了什么事。我問媽媽是否知道，可她也一無所知。
幾天后，我的表弟來拜訪。他看到了這盒照片，開始翻看。突然，他說：“我覺得我以前見過那個缺的角。” 他回家一趟，然后帶著一小片照片回來了。正是那張照片缺失的一角！他很久以前打掃房間的時候發現了它，后來卻忘了這回事。
照片又完整了，我們都很高興。我們把它放回盒子里，決定更好地保管這些珍貴的回憶。這些舊照片就像一臺時光機，帶我們回到過去的美好時光，讓我們更加珍惜過去。
### 故事三：小鎮的神秘傳說
In a small town, there was an old house that everyone was a little afraid of. It was said that strange things happened there. One day, a group of curious teenagers decided to explore it.
When they arrived at the house, they stood back (靠后站，退后) for a while, looking at the old, creepy building. Some of them were a bit scared, but their curiosity got the better of them. They moved back (使退后) the overgrown bushes to make a path and slowly walked towards the door.
As they entered the house, they heard strange noises. One of the girls wanted to turn back (原路返回) right away, but the others convinced her to keep going. They looked around and found some old letters on the table. As they read the letters, they realized that they might be able to find out the secrets of the house.
Suddenly, a gust of wind blew through the house, and the door slammed shut. They all got scared and started to move back (往后退). One of the boys tried to open the door, but it seemed to be stuck. They called back (叫回) their courage and decided to look for another way out.
They explored the house further and found a hidden room. Inside the room, there was an old book. When they opened the book, they saw that it was full of strange symbols. They couldn't make sense of it at first, but then one of the smartest boys in the group remembered that he had seen similar symbols in a history book. He thought back to (回想，回憶) what he had read and realized that the symbols might date back to (追溯到) an ancient time.
Just then, they heard a voice coming from outside. They were afraid it might be someone dangerous. They decided to hide in the hidden room and keep back (隱瞞，這里指不發出聲音) any noise. After a while, the voice faded away, and they carefully made their way out of the house.
Once they were outside, they ran back to their homes. They couldn't wait to tell their friends about their adventure. But they also knew that they had to keep the secrets of the old house. This adventure made them realize that there were still many mysteries in their small town waiting to be discovered.
**中文翻譯**：在一個小鎮上，有一座老房子，大家都有點害怕它。據說那里會發生奇怪的事情。一天，一群好奇的青少年決定去探索這座房子。
他們到達房子后，往后退了一會兒，看著這座老舊陰森的建筑。他們中的一些人有點害怕，但好奇心還是占了上風。他們把長得過于茂盛的灌木叢往后移，開辟出一條路，然后慢慢朝門走去。
他們走進房子時，聽到了奇怪的聲音。其中一個女孩想立刻原路返回，但其他人說服她繼續前進。他們四處查看，在桌子上發現了一些舊信件。讀這些信件時，他們意識到或許能揭開這座房子的秘密。
突然，一陣大風刮過房子，門砰地關上了。他們都嚇壞了，開始往后退。一個男孩試圖打開門，但門好像卡住了。他們鼓起勇氣，決定尋找其他出路。
他們繼續在房子里探索，發現了一個隱藏的房間。房間里有一本舊書。他們打開書，看到里面滿是奇怪的符號。一開始他們看不懂，但隨后小組里最聰明的一個男孩想起他在一本歷史書上見過類似的符號。他回想起自己讀過的內容，意識到這些符號可能追溯到古代。
就在這時，他們聽到外面傳來一個聲音。他們擔心可能是危險人物。于是決定躲在隱藏的房間里，不發出任何聲音。過了一會兒，聲音消失了，他們小心翼翼地走出了房子。
一到外面，他們就跑回了家。他們迫不及待地想把這次冒險經歷告訴朋友們。但他們也知道，必須保守這座老房子的秘密。這次冒險讓他們意識到，他們的小鎮上還有許多秘密等待被發現。
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