資源簡(jiǎn)介

中小學(xué)教育資源及組卷應(yīng)用平臺(tái)
定語(yǔ)從句：在句中作定語(yǔ)的句子，它修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，這個(gè)被修飾的名詞、代詞叫做先行詞。
一、引導(dǎo)詞（關(guān)系詞）：位于從句與先行詞之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。先行詞分兩類：1.關(guān)系代詞who（作主語(yǔ)）, whom（作賓語(yǔ)）, whose（作定語(yǔ)）, which（作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）, that（作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)）. 2.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why.
注意：1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略.
eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可放在介詞后。 但當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞是that時(shí)，則不能放在介詞后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
= This is the house which Lu Xun once lived in.
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
二、如何選用引導(dǎo)詞：一般情況引導(dǎo)詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時(shí)用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時(shí)用that , which; 先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)時(shí)用when , where.
eg. 1)The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim. 站在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)男孩時(shí)Jim.
2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver 你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)媽媽是司機(jī)的女孩嗎？
3)Have you been to the factory where your father works 你去過(guò)你爸爸工作的工廠嗎？
但注意區(qū)別who / that (指人)；which / that (指物)
1.修飾人只用who的情況：
a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時(shí)。
b. there be句型中修飾名詞時(shí)。
c. 先行詞后有一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)。
eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school. 沒(méi)交作業(yè)的任何人放學(xué)后都要留下。
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 校門口有位想見(jiàn)你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt 昨天下午在公園你見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)穿紅襯衫的人嗎？
2.修飾人或物只用that的情況：
a. 先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing
b.先行詞前有最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時(shí)
c. 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)
d. 主句是who / which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句，而先行詞又指人或物時(shí)。
eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you 有讓我做的事嗎？
2)He is the only one that can help us at the moment. 他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。
3)He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. 他談?wù)撝菰L過(guò)的老師和參觀過(guò)的學(xué)校。
4)Which is the machine that we used last Sunday 我們上周星期天用過(guò)的機(jī)器是哪一臺(tái)？
3.修飾物只用which的情況：
a. 先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)
b. 先行詞為that時(shí)
eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過(guò)的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms 你抱著的那個(gè)是什么？
*三、定語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為短語(yǔ)
1．定語(yǔ)從句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)；定語(yǔ)從句為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可簡(jiǎn)化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。
2．定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)(be)后是介詞短語(yǔ)，可簡(jiǎn)化為介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)。
3．定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
= Tell the children playing there not to do that.
3)The book that is on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing to fear.
練 習(xí)
一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空
1.Is it the very house ________ you lived in ten years ago
2.The woman _____ sits next to the door is my mother.
3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the League.
4.It is the house _____ I was born.
5.The house ______ roof is broken has been repaired.
二、用短語(yǔ)來(lái)改寫(xiě)下面的定語(yǔ)從句部分。
1.The man that is talking with Mary is my brother.
______________________________________
__________________.
2.This is a book which was written by a worker
______________________________________
3.The student who is from Canada speaks French.
______________________________________
__________.
4.She has a lot of work that she must do.
_____________________________________
三、選擇填空
( )1.The man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
( )2.This is the best film ____has been shown this year.
A. who B. that C. which D. when
( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything ____ he had stolen to the police.
A. which B. what C. that D. in where
( )4.Mr. Li told us the stones and writers ____ interested him
A. what B. who C. that D. which
( )5.My father still remembers the day ___ he joined the army.
A. when B. which
C. to which D. from which
( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays ____ we spent together.
A. when B. in which C. which D. how
( )7—Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees
—Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( )8.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( )13.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( )14.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( )15.The moon is a world ___there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( )16.He has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( )17.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
( )18.Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
( )19.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )20.This is the house ______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( )21.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( )22.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
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