資源簡介

(共22張PPT)
Unit 1 People of Achievement
Discover useful structures
To distinguish non-restrictive relative clauses from restrictive relative clauses.
To make sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.
Read the following sentences and underline the relative clauses. Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.
1. They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments
that showed promise in the fight against the disease.
restrictive relative clause
function:modify the kind of medical treatments they tested.
2. Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize, which is considered one of the highest international honors a person can receive.
non-restrictive relative clause
3. Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients.
non-restrictive relative clause
4. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered.
non-restrictive relative clause
function:give extra information about Nobel Prize
function:give extra information about Hainan
function:give extra information about patients
In rural areas, where/in which ambulances can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on a life-saving role.
在農(nóng)村,救護(hù)車要花相對長的時(shí)間到達(dá),電話亭就承擔(dān)了救命的角色。
Mr Smith, from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.
史密斯先生是一位著名的科學(xué)家,我從他那里學(xué)了很多東西。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
桌子上的書是我們的獎品,書的封皮很亮。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.
我已經(jīng)告訴了他們我沒有參加會議的原因。
注意：
(1)whose作定語,先行詞是人時(shí),“whose+n.”相當(dāng)于“the+n.+of whom”;先行詞是物時(shí),“whose+n.”相當(dāng)于“the+n.+of which”。
(2)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。when/where可以用“介詞+which”來代替。
(3)非限制性定語從句表原因時(shí),不用 why 引導(dǎo),而用 for which代替 why。
單句寫作
1.在這場活動中,一些在過去很著名的演員卻未到場。
At the event, some famous actors were absent, ________ ________ ________ ________in the past.
2.學(xué)校附近住著一位老人,他的兒子在國外工作。
There lives an old man near the school, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
who had been
popular
whose son is
working abroad　
二、作用不同
限制性定語從句對先行詞進(jìn)行修飾和限制，如果去掉會造成句意的不完整；
非限制性定語從句對先行詞是修飾，補(bǔ)充解釋說明或?qū)χ骶溥M(jìn)行評述，去掉不影響。如：
Franklin was the first man who discovered the nature of electricity.
Franklin, who was very young, discovered the nature of electricity.
先行詞往往是抽象，不夠具體的
先行詞：具體，從句旨在補(bǔ)充說明評述先行詞或主句
三、先行詞不同
限制性定語從句的先行詞一般是名詞或代詞，非限制性定語從句的先行詞既可以是名詞或代詞, 也可以是主句的一部分或整個(gè)主句。如：
Things then improved, which surprised me.
（先行詞為整個(gè)主句）
四、關(guān)系詞不同
限制性定語從句可以由that, why引導(dǎo)，而非限制性定語從句不用that和why引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中通常不省略。如：
There were very few passengers that/who had escaped without serious injury.
There were very few passengers, who had escaped without serious injury.
Have you found the book (that/which) you want
注意：
(1)whose作定語,先行詞是人時(shí),“whose+n.”相當(dāng)于“the+n.+of whom”;先行詞是物時(shí),“whose+n.”相當(dāng)于“the+n.+of which”。
(2)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。when/where可以用“介詞+which”來代替。
(3)非限制性定語從句表原因時(shí),不用 why 引導(dǎo),而用 for which代替 why。
限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，對先行詞的意義起到限定作用，不可或缺 從句對先行詞或整個(gè)主句其補(bǔ)充說明，解釋，評論等作用
只能修飾先行詞，不修飾整個(gè)主句 即可修飾先行詞，也可修飾整個(gè)主句
可用that引導(dǎo)從句 可用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，但通常不用that引導(dǎo)
從句前一般不用逗號隔開 從句和先行詞或主句之間一般用逗號隔開
1.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___________ she opened with her late husband Les.
2.Many westerners _______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
3．They worked for two hours to rescue the man _______ was injured in the accident.
4.Lichun is a Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms, ________ means the beginning of spring.
5.We are talking about one of the most interesting devices ________ allow people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives.
Exercise
which
who
who/that
which
that
Task 2
Task 3
二、關(guān)系代詞as和which
關(guān)系代詞as和which既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語或賓語。
項(xiàng)目 as which
指代 引導(dǎo)的從句只能指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容 引導(dǎo)的從句既可指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容,又可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于主句之前
意義 正如,就像 這(一點(diǎn)),那(一點(diǎn))
As is reported in the papers, our country has sent up another man-made earth satellite.報(bào)紙上報(bào)道,我們國家又發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。 (as 指代主句內(nèi)容,位于句首)
The singer, as was expected, achieved great success.
正如所預(yù)料的那樣,這位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句內(nèi)容,位于句中,用逗號隔開)
These three books were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them.
這三本書被當(dāng)作禮物給了我,這可能會增加我賦予它們的意義。 (which 指代主句內(nèi)容,位于句末)
注意:
as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句常可看作固定結(jié)構(gòu):
四、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的不同
類別 限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句
作用 修飾限制(只可修飾先行詞) 補(bǔ)充說明(可修飾先行詞或主句)
意義 去掉后,句意不完整 去掉后,句意仍完整
形式 不用逗號與主句隔開 用逗號與主句隔開
關(guān)系詞 作賓語時(shí)可省略 作賓語時(shí)不可省略
可用that 不用that,用who或which代替
可用who代替whom 一般不用who代替whom
可用why 不用why,用for which代替
譯法 先譯定語從句,后譯先行詞,常譯作“……的” 可譯為并列句
He is the man whom you are looking for.
他就是你正在找的那個(gè)人。(限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞the man)
These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.
這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒有結(jié)過果實(shí)。(非限制性定語從句,用逗號與主句隔開)
He studied hard at school when he was young, which led to his success in his later life.(which 指代主句內(nèi)容)
他年輕的時(shí)候在學(xué)校努力學(xué)習(xí),這促使他在以后的生活中取得成功。
Friendship is precious wealth (that) one searches for all his life.
友誼是畢生難覓的珍貴財(cái)富。(that 在從句中作for 的賓語,可省略)
單句寫作
1.The person (　　　　　) ________ ________ ________(我最尊敬的人) is my physics teacher.
2.But it was a meaningful day, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (我們學(xué)到很多東西).
3.She is working hard, ________ ________ ________ ________(這是大家有目共睹的).
whom I respect most
when we learnt a
lot
which everyone can see
THANKS

展開更多......

收起↑