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高考英語考前押題卷 語法填空
一．語法填空（共15小題）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1）　 　（thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2）　 　their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3）　 　（alternative）at people （4）　 　a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5）　 　（arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6）　 　（take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7）　 　 （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8）　 　 （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9）　 　 most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10）　 　（their） only.
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1）　 　（start） by helping others.
As（2）　 　matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3）　 　 （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4）　 　the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（釋放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5）　 　（feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6）　 　（consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（義務），" which（7）　 　（measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8）　 　it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9）　 　（well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10）　 　（note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1）　 　now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2）　 　（equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3）　 　is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（職位相當的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4）　 　（ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5）　 　（ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6）　 　a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7）　 　（ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8）　 　（offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9）　 　（ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10）　 　（ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1）　 　（disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2）　 　may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3）　 　the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球車）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4）　 　（use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5）　 　 （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6）　 　end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7）　 　 （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8）　 　can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9）　 　 （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10）　 　（opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
5．（2022春 虎丘區校級期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1）　 　 （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2）　 　（follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3）　 　 has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4）　 　 every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5）　 　（gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6）　 　 is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7）　 　 some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8）　 　（exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9）　 　 much we understand，there will always be（10）　 　 remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1）　 　you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2）　 　（one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3）　 　our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4）　 　（consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5）　 　（possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6）　 　（burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （萬億）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7）　 　（exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8）　 　（look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9）　 　Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10）　 　（size） planets.
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1）　 　（real）that this new business model is （2）　 　（large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3）　 　 （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4）　 　 it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5）　 　 （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6）　 　 （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7）　 　 standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8）　 　（get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9）　 　 important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10）　 　 （take）seriously.
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1）　 　（ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2）　 　（ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3）　 　 （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4）　 　（ instead，cash）（5）　 　（ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6）　 　（ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7）　 　（ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8）　 　（ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9）　 　（ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
9．（2022 山東模擬）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1）　 　（preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2）　 　（cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3）　 　complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4）　 　（perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5）　 　（finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6）　 　are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7）　 　（early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8）　 　 （exist）.
（9）　 　（found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10）　 　 it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
10．（2018秋 賓陽縣校級期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （醫學界）（1）　 　a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2）　 　（effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3）　 　（process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4）　 　（remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5）　 　result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6）　 　（bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7）　 　（be） full of fat and salt；by（8）　 　（eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃點心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9）　 　（care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10）　 　is not good for the health．
11．（2022 南京模擬）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1）　 　 （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2）　 　 （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3）　 　 （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4）　 　 （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5）　 　 （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6）　 　 （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7）　 　 was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8）　 　 a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9）　 　 （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10）　 　 outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1）　 　our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2）　 　（real）.
There（3）　 　（be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4）　 　（go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5）　 　first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6）　 　 （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7）　 　（you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8）　 　 a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9）　 　（problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10）　 　（amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
13．（2021秋 松江區期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1）　 　 （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2）　 　 think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3）　 　 heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4）　 　 damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5）　 　 our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6）　 　 （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7）　 　 let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8）　 　 function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely changes.In other words，pores don't really shrink.So stop （9）　 　 （spend） your money on pore minimizers and just wash your face with the products basically made from stuff that won't block pores.
Our skin is （10）　 　 amazing organ，so let's treat it right and forget about those myths，OK？
14．Tuesdays with Morrie deals with the meaning of life and how to live it.Some readers have given their reviews of this book.
In the view of Arthur K，the book is more about life than death.Being （1）　 　（ weak） by a severe illness，Morrie anticipates his death and begins to observe everything as though through new eyes.Morrie's（2）　 　 （brave） towards the end of his life is inspirational，which （3）　 　（ encourage） us to appreciate what we have and to make the most of each day.
For Amy Wang，this book gives her a （4）　 　（ deep） insight into the world than ever and enables her （5）　 　（ see） things from a different point of view.What Morrie says and does makes her realize that （6）　 　 （ make） a lot of money won't always make us happy and that it's up to us to find out （7）　 　is important in our lives and establish our own （8）　 　（ value）.
As far as Marty is concerned，the book is just made up of a collection of over﹣ emotional thoughts and messages ，many of which are repeated. （9）　 　，he recommends that people read it.After all，it is something that's a bit different.
In the eyes of Vivian，the book is about Morrie's reflections on love and friendship，teaching us to always keep in touch（10）　 　the good people we meet as we go through life.
15．（2024春 廣州期末）Recent months have seen a return of bike across China．With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of （1）　 　（drive） to schools，to workplaces or to do sightseeing．The introduction of bike﹣sharing programs has brought the trend to a new level．
The bikes （2）　 　（equip） with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user．They're popular among many Chinese people as they provide（3）　 　effective solution in places （4）　 　 it's difficult to change from one kind of transport to another．Bike﹣sharing is a（5）　 　（green） method of transportation and （6）　 　（provide） a more friendly experience．
However，the programs have also led to problems such as （7）　 　（legal） parking，deliberate （蓄意的） damaging and theft．To deal with these problems，the company came up with the idea of encouraging people（8）　 　（return） the bikes to stations （9）　 　rewarding free time for their next rides．Now，Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems，too．For example，Mobike sets a 100﹣point credit score for each user，with （10）　 　（point） taken in the case of bad behavior．Once a score drops below 80，bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes，up from 0.5﹣1 yuan．
高考英語考前押題卷 語法填空
參考答案與試題解析
一．語法填空（共15小題）
1．The poem The Road Not Taken，is one of Frost's best﹣known poems not only because of its natural style，but also its（1）　thoughtful　（thought） insights into human nature.Many readers think the words "paths" in the woods are often used to symbolize（2）　how　their lives progress and change.The two roads diverging in a yellow wood means that life throws different（3）　alternation　（alternative）at people （4）　on　a daily basis and the greatest dilemmas（5）　arise　（arise） from moral problems when they are uncertain which choice results in doing the right thing.
There's no doubt that different choices lead to different specific consequences.Once people make a decision，there is no going back for her or him.Though they may be free to choose which path（6）　to take　（take），people may wonder exactly what they are choosing between when presented with different choices.（7）　Ultimately　 （ultimate），the road ahead is a（8）　mixture　 （mix） of choice and chance.Part of decision﹣making is learning to make（9）　exactly　 most of decisions.Instead of looking back with regret，people are supposed to face their future with energy and optimism，for the choices are （10）　their　（their） only.
【答案】（1）thoughtful；（2）how；（3）alternation；（4）on；（5）arise；（6）to take；（7）Ultimately；（8）mixture；（9）exactly；（10）theirs.
【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了弗羅斯特最著名的詩歌之一《未走的路》以及作者對詩歌內涵的領悟：不同的選擇導致不同的結果，但不管怎樣，人們都要樂觀面對。
【解答】（1）thoughtful.考查形容詞。句意：《未走的路》是弗羅斯特最著名的詩歌之一，不僅因為其自然的風格，而且因為其對人性的深刻洞察。Insights是名詞，前面需要形容詞進行修飾，所以名詞thought要轉化為形容詞形式。故填thoughtful.
（2）how.考查連接詞。句意：許多讀者認為樹林里的"小路"這個詞經常被用來象征他們生活是怎樣進步和變化的。symbolize"象征"是及物動詞，該詞后接的是賓語從句，根據句意理解應該用how來引導，并在從句中作方式狀語。故填how.
（3）alternation.考查名詞。句意：黃樹林里分出的兩條路意味著生活每天拋給人們不同的選擇。different是形容詞，后接名詞，所以形容詞alternative"供選擇的"要轉化為相應的名詞。故填alternation.
（4）on.考查介詞。句意：黃樹林里分出的兩條路意味著生活每天拋給人們不同的選擇。on a daily basis"每天"是固定詞組，作時間狀語。故填on.
（5）arise.考查時態與主謂一致。句意：當他們不確定哪個選擇會導致做出正確的事情時，最大的困境產生于道德問題。dilemmas是dilemma"困境"的復數形式，所以主語 the greatest dilemmas是復數；該句that后用并列連詞and連接了兩個賓語從句，前一個謂語動詞使用了throws ，說明是一般現在時。故arise要使用一般現在時。故填arise.
（6）to take.考查動詞不定式。句意：雖然他們可以自由選擇走哪條路，但當面對不同的選擇時，人們可能會想知道他們到底要選擇什么。分析句子可知，及物動詞choose后的賓語是"疑問詞+動詞不定式"結構；根據句意要填to take，take與邏輯主語path是主謂關系。which path to take"走那條路"。故填to take.
（7）Ultimately.考查副詞。句意：最終，前方的道路是選擇和機遇的混合。Ultimate"最終的"是形容詞；該空后有逗號，說明需要副詞，修飾后面的句子。故填Ultimately.
（8）mixture.考查名詞。句意：最終，前方的道路是選擇和機遇的混合。該空前不定冠詞a及后面"﹣﹣﹣of﹣﹣﹣（﹣﹣﹣的﹣﹣﹣）"，都說明該空處需要名詞，所以動詞mix"混合"要轉化為相應的名詞。故填mixture.
（9）exactly.考查副詞。句意：做決定的一部分就是學會準確地做出大部分決定。根據該句句意理解及后句的"與其后悔地回顧過去"可知，此處需要副詞exactly"準確地"，才符合句意。故填exactly.
（10）theirs.考查名詞性物主代詞。句意：與其后悔地回顧過去，人們應該充滿活力和樂觀地面對未來，因為這些選擇僅僅只是他們的選擇。only"僅僅，只"是副詞，放在句尾修飾句子；根據句意理解可知，該空處表示"他們的選擇"，所以用名詞性物主代詞theirs，相當于their choices.故填theirs.
【點評】語法填空題是考查學生的語言運用能力。解題時，要在理解文章的基礎上，靈活運用語法知識，如詞性、時態、名詞單復數、連接詞、代詞、冠詞等判斷空白處應填寫的內容。答完后，還要通讀全文，核對所填單詞形式是否正確，是否符合語境。
2．At a time when we are all experiencing extraordinary level of stress，science offers a simple and effective way to improve our own emotional（情感的）health.
To help yourself， （1）　start　（start） by helping others.
As（2）　a　matter of fact，our bodies and minds benefit in a variety of（3）　ways　 （way）when we help others.Some research has focused （4）　on　the "helper's high".Studies show that volunteering，donating money，or even just thinking about donating money can release（釋放）feel﹣good brain chemicals.
（5）　Feeling　（feel）responsible for other people also can help us deal with whatever challenges life brings.Emily Greenfield，an associate（6）　consultant　（consult）of social work at Rutgers University，studied a concept called "felt obligation（義務），" which（7）　is measured　（measure）by asking people questions such as how obligated they would feel to give money to a friend in need，even（8）　if　it meant putting themselves in trouble.
As it turned out，the people who had higher levels of "felt obligation"﹣meaning they were the type of people to sacrifice for others﹣dealt （9）　better　（well）with their own life challenges than others.
She （10）　noted　（note）that caring for others helped us to regulate our own motions and gain a sense of control.
【答案】（1）start（2）a（3）ways（4）on（5）Feeling（6）consultant（7）is measured（8）if（9）better（10）noted
【分析】本文為說明文，主要講述了在我們都面臨巨大壓力的時候，科學提供了一種簡單有效的方法來改善我們自己的情緒健康。
【解答】（1）start.考查祈使句。句意：要幫助自己，從幫助別人開始。分析句子可知，此處為祈使句，故用動詞原形開頭，故填start。
（2）a.考查冠詞。句意：事實上，當我們幫助他人時，我們的身體和思想會以各種方式受益。as a matter of fact表示"事實上"符合句意，故填a。
（3）ways.考查可數名詞的復數。句意：事實上，當我們幫助他人時，我們的身體和思想會以各種方式受益。way為可數名詞，空前有a variety of修飾，故用名詞的復數形式，故填ways。
（4）on.考查介詞。句意：一些研究集中在"幫助者的高潮"上。focus on表示"集中于"符合句意，故填on。
（5）Feeling.考查動名詞。句意：對他人負責也能幫助我們應對生活帶來的任何挑戰。此處用動名詞作主語，且置于句首，首字母大寫，故填Feeling。
（6）consultant.考查可數名詞的單數。句意：羅格斯大學（Rutgers University）社會工作副顧問艾米麗 格林菲爾德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一個名為"感受到的義務"的概念，這個概念是通過向人們提出一些問題來衡量的，比如他們有多大義務給有需要的朋友捐款，即使這意味著給自己帶來麻煩。結合句意和an可知，此處用名詞的單數形式，表示"顧問"，故填consultant。
（7）is measured.考查動詞時態、語態及主謂一致。句意：羅格斯大學（Rutgers University）社會工作副顧問艾米麗 格林菲爾德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一個名為"感受到的義務"的概念，這個概念是通過向人們提出一些問題來衡量的，比如他們有多大義務給有需要的朋友捐款，即使這意味著給自己帶來麻煩。結合句意可知，此處在講述客觀事實，句子用一般現在時，主語which指代先行詞a concept，為單數形式，且與measure之間是被動關系，故填is measured。
（8）if.考查固定短語。句意：羅格斯大學（Rutgers University）社會工作副顧問艾米麗 格林菲爾德（EmilyGreenfield）研究了一個名為"感受到的義務"的概念，這個概念是通過向人們提出一些問題來衡量的，比如他們有多大義務給有需要的朋友捐款，即使這意味著給自己帶來麻煩。even if表示"即使"，引導讓步狀語從句，故填if。
（9）better.考查比較級。句意：事實證明，那些"感受到義務"程度較高的人﹣﹣也就是說，他們是那種為他人做出犧牲的人﹣﹣比其他人更好地應對自己的生活挑戰。結合句意和than可知，此處用比較級，故填better。
（10）noted.考查動詞時態。句意：她指出，關心他人有助于我們調節自己的動作，獲得控制感。結合句意和helped可知，此處用一般過去時，故填noted。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
3．Outer space has long been a mystery to us humans ，from which large numbers of imaginary tales arose. （1）　But　now ，the rapid development of modern science and technology allows us to understand more and more about the whole universe.Furthermore ，（2）　equipped　（equip）with advanced space facilities，we are capable of traveling in space ，（3）　which　is the latest frontier to be explored.
It seems that humankind's passion for exploring space is reaching new heights.US space agency NASA and its Russian counterpart（職位相當的人）the Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities have agreed（4）　to operate　（ operate ） on building a station on the lunar orbit ，called " the deep space gateway" .The news（5）　was announced　（ announce ） by representatives from both NASA and Ioscosmosnl September during the International Astronautical Congress in Australia.
The new structure will act （6）　as　a way station for trips to the moon's surface，or even to more（7）　distant　（ distance ） places like Mars.
"The area of space near the moon （8）　offers　（offer ） a true deep space environment to gain experience for human missions that push （9）　farther　（ far ） into the solar system ， " NASA said in a statement.
（10）　Currently　（ current ） ，the gateway is still in the concept stage，with governments and private partners working together to create it.If everything goes well ，it should be built soon.
【答案】（1）But（2）equipped（3）which（4）to operate（5）was announced（6）as（7）distant（8）offers（9）farther（10）Currently
【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了美俄將聯合在月球軌道上建造航天站的有關內容。
【解答】（1）But.考查連詞。句意：但是現在，現代科學技術的快速發展讓我們越來越多地了解整個宇宙。根據上下文語境可判斷，空處表示轉折應用連詞but。句首字母要大寫。故填But。
（2）equipped.考查過去分詞。句意：此外，配備先進的太空設施，我們有能力在太空旅行，這是最新的探索前沿。分析句子結構可知equip在句中做非謂語，且與句子主語we構成邏輯上的動賓關系，故用動詞﹣ed形式。故填equipped。
（3）which.考查非限制性定語從句。句意：此外，配備先進的太空設施，我們有能力在太空旅行，這是最新的探索前沿。本句為非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞space，且先行詞在從句中作主語，指"空間"故用which。故填which。
（4）to operate.考查動詞不定式。句意：美國國家航空航天局（NASA）和俄羅斯國家航天活動公司（Roscosmos State Corporation for space Activities）已同意在月球軌道上建造一個名為"深空門戶"的空間站。根據短語agree to do sth.表示"商定做某事"。故填to operate。
（5）was announced.考查動詞時態語態主謂一致。句意：這一消息是由美國國家航空航天局（NASA）和俄羅斯國際航天公司（Ioscosmosnl）的代表9月在澳大利亞舉行的國際宇航大會上宣布的。根據時間狀語in September可知應用一般過去時，且announce作謂語與主語The news之間是被動關系。且主語為news，謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數。故填was announced。
（6）as.考查介詞。句意：這座新建筑將作為前往月球表面，甚至更遠的地方如火星的中轉站。根據短語act as...表示"充當……，當作……"。故填as。
（7）distant.考查形容詞。句意：這座新建筑將作為前往月球表面，甚至更遠的地方如火星的中轉站。此處修飾名詞places應用形容詞distant，表示"遙遠的"。故填distant。
（8）offers.考查動詞時態和主謂一致。句意：月球附近的太空區域提供了一個真正的深空環境，為人類進一步推進太陽系的任務獲取經驗。此處引用了NASA聲明的原文應用一般現在時，且主語是The area，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。故填offers。
（9）farther.考查比較級。句意：NASA在一份聲明中說："月球附近的空間區域提供了一個真正的深空環境，為人類向太陽系深處推進的任務積累經驗。"此處指"向太陽系更遠處推進"應用比較級farther。故填farther。
（10）Currently.考查副詞。句意：目前，該門戶仍處于概念階段，政府和私人合作伙伴共同努力創建它。位于句首修飾整個句子應用副詞currently，表示"目前"。句首字母要大寫。故填Currently。
【點評】做本題的關鍵是在理解短文的基礎上，靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有：固定的短語，詞類的轉換，名詞的復數形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在平時的學習中，牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
4．Water doesn't currently exist on Mars' surface，but it used to.About 4 billion years ago，something happened to Mars' atmosphere，and most of the liquid water（1）　disappeared　（disappear）due to harmful radiation.But some of （2）　it　may still be underground.Could those ancient water holes contain life？
China's Tianwen﹣1 mission will search（3）　for　the existing water by radar fixed on the rover（月球車）.The European Space Agency's spacecraft found evidence for subsurface water，（4）　using　（use） radar from space，but this will be the first time a rover has searched from the ground.
Tianwen﹣1 will also give China（5）　valuable　 （value）Mars experience and lay foundation for a sample return mission planned for（6）　the　end of the 2020s.Getting Martian samples back to Earth is a top priority for the scientific community.Despite the impressive advances（7）　made　 （make） in placing science instruments on spacecraft，only the technology on Earth，（8）　which　can test samples accurately，is to verify the presence or absence of life in a sample.
As of 2020，only NASA has landed and operated spacecraft on Mars（9）　successfully　 （successful）.More countries exploring Mars means more （10）　opportunities　（opportunity）for global cooperation.Space exploration brings out the best in us all.When more nations work together，everyone wins.
【答案】（1）disappeared（2）it（3）for（4）using（5）valuable（6）the（7）made（8）which（9）successfully（10）opportunities
【分析】本文是記敘文，主要描述了不同國家探索火星的方法。
【解答】（1）disappeared.考查時態。句意：由于有害的輻射，大部分液態水消失了。根據前文的時間About 4 billion years ago，可知此處是描述過去發生的事情，需要用一般過去時，故填disappeared。
（2）it.考查代詞。句意：但是有些液態水仍然在地下。根據句意，此處指代前文的liquid water，water是不可數名詞，需要用it來指代，故填it。
（3）for.考查介詞。句意：中國的"天問一號"任務將通過固定在月球車上的雷達來尋找現有的水。search for表示"尋找"，是固定搭配，故填for。
（4）using.考查現在分詞。句意：歐洲航天局的航天器利用來自太空的雷達發現了地表水存在的證據。此處前后句沒有連接詞連接，且后半句沒有主語，所以use是非謂語動詞，use和邏輯主語The European Space Agency's spacecraft之間是主動關系，需要用現在分詞表示主動，故填using。
（5）valuable.考查形容詞。句意：天問一號還將為中國提供寶貴的火星經驗，并為計劃于本世紀20年代末進行的樣本返回任務奠定基礎。此處需要用形容詞做定語，修飾名詞experience，故填valuable。
（6）the.考查冠詞。句意：天問一號還將為中國提供寶貴的火星經驗，并為計劃于本世紀20年代末進行的樣本返回任務奠定基礎。the end of...表示"在……末"，是固定搭配，故填the。
（7）made.考查過去分詞。句意：盡管在航天器上放置科學儀器方面取得了令人印象深刻的進步，但只有地球上能夠準確測試樣本的技術，才能驗證樣本中是否存在生命。此make與邏輯后主語語advances是被動關系，故此處用過去分詞做后置定語，修飾名詞advances，故填made。
（8）which.考查定語從句。句意：盡管在航天器上放置科學儀器方面取得了令人印象深刻的進步，但只有地球上能夠準確測試樣本的技術，才能驗證樣本中是否存在生命。本句是定語從句，從句修飾名詞 technology，technology是物，在從句中做主語，且本句是非限制性定語從句，關系詞不能用that，故填which。
（9）successfully.考查副詞。句意：截至2020年，只有美國國家航空航天局（NASA）在火星上成功著陸并操作了航天器。此處需要副詞來修飾動詞land和operate，故填successfully。
（10）opportunities.考查可數名詞的復數。句意：更多的國家探索火星意味著更多的全球合作機會。根據前文的More countries，可知此處機會應該用復數，和前文對應，故填opportunities。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
5．（2022春 虎丘區校級期中）Many of our beliefs about the universe are based on inductive reasoning，also known as the（1）　scientific　 （science） model.This means of arriving at the truth requires the observation of concrete events（2）　followed　（follow） by the development of a theory to explain（3）　what　 has been observed.In other words，it is a way to proceed from the particular to the general，from the specific to the abstract.However，it is in the nature of scientists to inquire（4）　into　 every possibility，and this means they often discover things no one has ever seen or noticed before.Our generalized theories therefore never cease to change.
In fact，most of our new knowledge（5）　is gained　（gain） by the observation of things we have never seen before.Before the first black swan was seen，the assumption was that all swans were white（6）　which　 is known as the "black swan theory".How could we have known otherwise？There will always be "unknown unknowns" such as black swans， （7）　though　 some people criticize those who dare to suggest their（8）　existence　（exist）.We should always be objective and question what we think we know.
The world in the future is bound to be different from now. （9）　However　 much we understand，there will always be（10）　a　 remote possibility of discovering "a black swan".Accordingly，our comprehension of the world will change.Therefore，we should keep up with new developments in all domains of knowledge﹣"black swans" can change history.
【答案】（1）scientific（2）followed（3）what（4）into（5）is gained（6）which（7）though（8）existence（9）However（10）a
【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了在科學領域我們應該持續觀察，不斷探索，勇于發現"黑天鵝"。
【解答】（1）scientific.考查形容詞。句意：我們對宇宙的許多信念都是基于歸納推理，也被稱為科學模型。此處修飾名詞model，用形容詞scientific（科學的），作定語。故填scientific。
（2）followed.考查過去分詞。句意：這種獲得真理的方法需要用對跟隨一種理論發展而來的具體事件的觀察來解釋所觀察到的東西。此處與events是被動關系，用過去分詞followed（跟隨），作定語。故填followed。
（3）what.考查賓語從句。句意：這種獲得真理的方法需要用對跟隨一種理論發展而來的具體事件的觀察來解釋所觀察到的東西。此處是賓語從句，并且在從句中作主語，應用what引導，指代"觀察到的東西"。故填what。
（4）into.考查介詞。句意：然而，科學家的本質是探究每一種可能性，這意味著他們經常發現以前從未見過或注意到的東西。固定短語inquire into（探究），后接every possibility作介詞into的賓語。故填into。
（5）is gained.考查動詞時態、語態及主謂一致。句意：事實上，我們的大部分新知識都是通過觀察我們從未見過的事物而獲得的。此處用謂語動詞，句子描述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時態；根據句意及介詞by可知，本句要用被動語態be done；又因為主語是不可數名詞knowledge（知識） ，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數形式。故填is gained。
（6）which.考查定語從句。句意：在看到第一只黑天鵝之前，人們假設所有的天鵝都是白色的，這被稱為"黑天鵝理論"。此處引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個句子，在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
（7）though.考查讓步狀語從句。句意：總會有"未知的未知數"，比如黑天鵝，盡管有些人批評那些膽敢暗示它們存在的人。根據句子結構和句意可知，此處使用從屬連詞though（盡管）引導讓步狀語從句。故填though。
（8）existence.考查不可數名詞。句意：總會有"未知的未知數"，比如黑天鵝，盡管有些人批評那些膽敢暗示它們存在的人。此處作動詞suggest的賓語，應用名詞existence（存在），不可數。故填existence。
（9）However.考查讓步狀語從句。句意：無論我們了解多少，發現"黑天鵝"的可能性總是微乎其微的。根據句子結構和句意可知，此處使用連接副詞however引導讓步狀語從句表示"無論了解多少"，故填However。
（10）a.考查冠詞。句意：無論我們了解多少，發現"黑天鵝"的可能性總是微乎其微的。此處泛指"一種可能性"，應用不定冠詞，remote是以輔音音素開頭的詞，應用a。故填a。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
6．（2022 湖南一模）Our sun is such a familiar sight in the sky（1）　that　you might think stars like our sun are common across the universe.But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs，the tiniest and coolest（2）　ones　（one） out there.With only about 7% to 50% of the mass（3）　of　our sun，red dwarfs generate as little as 1/10，000th the energy of the sun.This means their stores of hydrogen fuel（4）　are consumed　（consume） at a small amount of the rate that a star like the sun goes through.They give a little light so it is（5）　impossible　（possible） to see them with the naked eyes.With red dwarfe（6）　burning　（burn） so slowly，their average lifetime is between 1 and 10 trillion （萬億）years，while the sun will survive for another 5 billion years.
Life on Earth（7）　has existed/has been existing　（exist） for about 4 billion years.Our sun will die one day，and thus we'll eventually either die out or leave Earth（8）　to look　（look） for a new place.About 5% of red dwarfs in（9）　the　Milky Way，may host suitable，roughly Earth（10）　sized　（size） planets.
【答案】（1）that（2）ones（3）of（4）are consumed（5）impossible（6）burning（7）has existed/has been existing（8）to look（9）the（10）sized
【分析】本文對太陽和紅矮星進行了比較，比較了它們的質量、消耗速度以及壽命。
【解答】（1）that.考查固定搭配。句意：我們的太陽是天空中如此熟悉的景象，你可能會認為像我們的太陽這樣的星星在整個宇宙中都很常見。such…that如此……以致于，為固定搭配，故填that.
（2）ones.考查代詞。句意：但宇宙中至少有70%的恒星是紅矮星，是最微小、最冷的恒星。表示"stars"，所以用ones代替，所以用故填ones.
（3）of.考查名詞所有格。句意：紅矮星只有太陽質量的7%到50%，產生的能量只有太陽的1/10000。表示"……的"，所以用of表示所有格，故填of.
（4）are consumed.考查語態和主謂一致。句意：這意味著他們儲存的氫燃料的消耗速度與太陽這樣的恒星的消耗速度相當。表示"被消耗"，所以用被動語態，主語為復數名詞，故填are consumed.
（5）impossible.考查形容詞。句意：它們發出一點光，所以用肉眼是看不見的。作表語，所以用形容詞，表示"不可能的"，故填impossible.
（6）burning.考查現在分詞。句意：由于紅矮星燃燒如此緩慢，它們的平均壽命在1到10萬億年之間，而太陽將再存活50億年。with的賓語和burn之間是主動關系，所以用現在分詞作賓補，故填burning.
（7）has existed/has been existing.考查時態和主謂一致。句意：地球上的生命已經存在了大約40億年。表示到現在為止，所以用現在完成時態，也可以表示一直，所以用現在完成進行時態，主語為單數名詞，故填has existed/has been existing.
（8）to look.考查不定式。句意：我們的太陽總有一天會消亡，因此我們最終要么消亡，要么離開地球去尋找一個新的地方。不定式作目的狀語，故填to look.
（9）the.考查冠詞。句意：銀河系中大約5%的紅矮星可能擁有合適的、大致地球大小的行星。由普通名詞構成的專有名詞，前面加定冠詞，故填the.
（10）sized.考查形容詞。句意：銀河系中大約5%的紅矮星可能擁有合適的、大致地球大小的行星。作定語，所以用形容詞，表示"有……大小的"，故填sized.
【點評】本題主要考查了用單詞的適當形式填空。做本題的關鍵是在理解短文的基礎上，靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有：固定的短語，詞類的轉換，名詞的復數形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在平時的學習中，牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
7．The sharing economy，represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber，is the latest fashion craze.But many supporters have overlooked the （1）　reality　（real）that this new business model is （2）　largely　（large） based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet﹣based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to （3）　strangers　 （stranger） for short stays.Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars.
The good thing about the sharing economy is（4）　that　 it promotes the use of underused resources.Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms，and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while（5）　allowing　 （allow）guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those（6）　charged　 （charge）by hotels.Uber offers prices that are competitive（7）　with　 standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy（8）　has got　（get）much less attention so far.Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels，and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually（9）　an　 important source of tax income.But many of Airbnb's customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.This downside of the sharing needs （10）　to be taken　 （take）seriously.
【答案】（1）reality（2）largely（3）strangers（4）that（5）allowing（6）charged（7）with（8）has got（9）an（10）to be taken
【分析】本文為說明文，主要講述了共享經濟的好處。
【解答】（1）reality.考查可數名詞的單數。句意：但許多支持者忽視了一個事實，即這種新的商業模式主要是基于逃避監管和違法。結合句意可知，此處表示單數含義，故用名詞的單數形式，表示"事實"，故填reality。
（2）largely.考查副詞。句意：但許多支持者忽視了一個事實，即這種新的商業模式主要是基于逃避監管和違法。此處用副詞作狀語修飾動詞based，故填largely。
（3）strangers.考查可數名詞的復數。句意：Airbnb是一項基于互聯網的服務，允許人們將多余的房間出租給陌生人，以便短期停留。結合句意可知，此處表示不止一個陌生人，故用名詞的復數形式，故填strangers。
（4）that.考查表語從句。句意：共享經濟的好處在于它促進了未充分利用資源的利用。分析句子可知，此處引導is的表語從句，從句中不缺成分和含義，故填that。
（5）allowing.考查現在分詞。句意：數以百萬計的人擁有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb讓他們可以從這些房間中獲利，同時讓客人以遠低于酒店收費的價格入住。此處為while引導的時間狀語從句的省略，省略了主語Airbnb與be動詞，且主語Airbnb與allow之間是主動關系，故用現在分詞形式，故填allowing。
（6）charged.考查過去分詞。句意：數以百萬計的人擁有空房的房屋或公寓，Airbnb讓他們可以從這些房間中獲利，同時讓客人以遠低于酒店收費的價格入住。此處為非謂語動詞作定語，those與charge之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語，故填charged。
（7）with.考查介詞。句意：優步提供的價格與標準出租車價格具有競爭力，而且他們的司機通常更快、更值得信賴。be competitive with表示"與...相比"符合句意，故填with。
（8）has got.考查動詞時態及主謂一致。句意：但到目前為止，共享經濟的負面影響還沒有得到足夠的關注。時間狀語為so far，句子用現在完成時，主語為the downside of the sharing economy，謂語動詞用三單形式，故填has got。
（9）an.考查冠詞。句意：大多數城市和州都對酒店征稅和監管，而住在酒店的游客通常是稅收收入的重要來源。結合句意可知，此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞，important為元音音素開頭的單詞，故填an。
（10）to be taken.考查動詞不定式及語態。句意：分享的這個缺點需要認真對待。need to do表示"需要做某事"，This downside of the sharing與take之間是被動關系，故用動詞不定式的被動語態，故填to be taken。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
8．With the development of science and technology，mobile payment is （1）　popular　（ popularity） in China.Recently our class（2）　has had a heated discussion　（ heated，discussion） about it and opinions are divided.
70% of the students are（3）　in favour of　 （ favour） mobile payment.Firstly，it is easy to operate.
Secondly，consumers just need to take a smartphone with them（4）　instead of cash　（ instead，cash）（5）　for convenience　（ convenient）.In addition，they can enjoy some discounts for mobile payment，which may reduce their financial burden.
However，about 30% of the students （6）　are opposed to　（ opposed） mobile payment.First of all，they are concerned about its security.（7）　It is likely that　（ likely） personal information could be leaked.Besides，they worry people tend to buy （8）　more than needed　（ more，need） by paying online.
From my perspective，I embrace the new trend.Undoubtedly，mobile payment will（9）　contribute to　（ contribute） an easier life and it will definitely improve our living standards.
【答案】（1）popular（2）has had a heated discussion（3）in favour of（4）instead of cash（5）for convenience（6）are opposed to（7）It is likely that（8）more than needed（9）contribute to
【分析】這是一篇說明文，主要講述了隨著科技的發展，移動支付在中國越來越流行，對此出現了兩種觀點。
【解答】（1）popular.考查形容詞。句意：隨著科技的發展，移動支付在中國越來越流行。作表語，所以用形容詞，故填popular。
（2）has had a heated discussion.考查動詞短語以及時態和主謂一致。句意：最近我們班對此進行了熱烈的討論，意見有分歧。recently常和現在完成時態連用，表示"激烈的討論"用a heated discussion，主語為our class，指整體，故填has had a heated discussion。
（3）in favour of.考查固定搭配。句意：70%的學生支持移動支付。表示"支持"，用介詞短語in favour of作表語，故填in favour of。
（4）instead of cash.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消費者只需要帶一部智能手機，而不是現金，方便。表示"而不是現金"，故填instead of cash。
（5）for convenience.考查固定搭配。句意：其次，消費者只需要帶一部智能手機，而不是現金，方便。表示"為了方便"，故填for convenience。
（6）are opposed to.考查固定搭配以及時態和主謂一致。句意：然而，約30%的學生反對移動支付。表示"反對"，所以用固定搭配be opposed to，描述現狀，所以用一般現在時態，主語為分數，分數作主語，謂語動詞和名詞一致，此處名詞為students，故填are opposed to。
（7）It is likely that.考查固定搭配。句意：個人信息很有可能被泄露。表示"可能"，后面是個句子，所以用固定句型"It is likely that"，故填It is likely that。
（8）more than needed.考查固定搭配。句意：此外，他們擔心人們傾向于通過網上支付購買不必要的東西。表示"比所需要的"，故填more than needed。
（9）contribute to.考查動詞短語作謂語。句意：毫無疑問，移動支付將有助于更輕松的生活，它肯定會提高我們的生活水平。表示"有助于"，用固定搭配contribute to，前面有will，所以用動詞原形，故填contribute to。
【點評】做本題的關鍵是在理解短文的基礎上，靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有：固定的短語，詞類的轉換，名詞的復數形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在平時的學習中，牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
9．（2022 山東模擬）Located in Ping Yao County，Shanxi Province，the Ancient City of Ping Yao well（1）　preserves　（preserve） the historic form of the county﹣level cities of the Han people in China from the 14th to 20th century.
（2）　Covering　（cover）an area of 225 hectares，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3）　a　complete building complex including ancient walls，streets and lanes，shops，dwellings and temples.Its layout reflects（4）　perfectly　（perfect）the developments in architectural style and urban planning of the Han cities over more than five centuries.Particularly，from the 19th century to the early 20th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao was a（5）　financial　（finance）center for the whole of China.The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town（6）　which　are grand in form bear witness to Ping Yao's prosperity over a century.Wanfo Shrine，the main shrine of Zhenguo Temple，dating back to the Five Dynasties，is one of China's（7）　earliest　（early）and most precious timber structure buildings in（8）　existence　 （exist）.
（9）　Founded　（found）in the 14th century，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities.It keeps all the Han city features，provides a complete picture of the cultural，social，economic and religious development in Chinese history，（10）　and　 it is of great value for studying the social form，economic structure，military defense，religious belief，traditional thinking，traditional ethics and dwelling form.
【答案】（1）preserves（2）Covering（3）a（4）perfectly（5）financial（6）which（7）earliest（8）existence（9）Founded（10）and
【分析】本文是說明文。主要介紹了位于山西省平遙縣的平遙古城相關情況。
【解答】（1）preserves.考查時態和主謂一致。句意：平遙古城位于山西省平遙縣，完好地保存了14至20世紀中國漢族縣級城市的歷史形態。分析句子結構可知，空格處在句中充當謂語動詞，結合句意可知句子內容講的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時。主語the Ancient City of Ping Yao為第三人稱單數。故填preserves。
（2）Covering.考查現在分詞。句意：平遙古城占地225公頃，是一個完整的建筑群，包括古城墻、街巷、商店、民居和寺廟。分析句子可知，the Ancient City of Ping Yao is（3）complete building complex為主句，且與設空處用逗號隔開，沒有連詞連接，故設空處應用非謂語動詞形式，動詞cover"覆蓋"與其邏輯主語the Ancient City of Ping Yao是主動關系，應使用現在分詞形式。該空位于句首，首字母應大寫。故填Covering。
（3）a.考查冠詞。句意：平遙古城占地225公頃，是一個完整的建筑群，包括古城墻、街巷、商店、民居和寺廟。根據句意可知，此處是指"平遙古城是一個完整的建筑群"，complex"建筑群"是單數，故該空表泛指，complete以輔音音素開頭。故填a。
（4）perfectly.考查副詞。句意：它的布局完美地反映了五個多世紀以來漢族城市的建筑風格和城市規劃的發展。結合句意可知，該空修飾謂語動詞reflects，故應使用副詞。故填perfectly。
（5）financial.考查形容詞。句意：特別是從19世紀到20世紀初，平遙古城是整個中國的金融中心。結合句意可知，該空修飾名詞center，故應使用形容詞。finance"金融"的形容詞是financial"金融的"。故填financial。
（6）which.考查定語從句。句意：鎮上現存的近4000家規模宏大的商店和傳統民居見證了平遙一個多世紀的繁榮。分析句子結構可知，該句主語是The nearly 4，000 existing shops and traditional dwellings in the town，謂語是bear witness to"見證，表明"，（6）are grand in form為定語從句，先行詞就是該句主語，指物，且在定語從句中作主語。故填which。
（7）earliest.考查形容詞最高級。句意：萬佛寺是振國寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中國現存最早、最珍貴的木結構建筑之一。根據句中出現的"one of +形容詞最高級+名詞復數"表示"最......的之一"結構可知，此處應填形容詞最高級。故填earliest。
（8）existence.考查不可數名詞。句意：萬佛寺是振國寺的主祠，始建于五代，是中國現存最早、最珍貴的木結構建筑之一。該空為介詞in的賓語，故應填名詞。exist為動詞，意為"存在"，其名詞是existence，意為"存在"，不可數名詞。故填existence。
（9）Founded.考查過去分詞。句意：平遙古城建于14世紀，是漢代城市的杰出代表。分析句子結構可知，該句主句為the Ancient City of Ping Yao is an outstanding example of Han cities，且與設空處用逗號隔開，沒有連詞連接，故設空處應用非謂語動詞形式，動詞found"建立"與其邏輯主語the Ancient City of Ping Yao之間是被動關系，故應使用過去分詞。故填Founded。
（10）and.考查連詞。句意：它保留了漢城市的全部風貌，提供了中國歷史上文化、社會、經濟和宗教發展的完整畫面，對研究社會形態、經濟結構、軍事防御、宗教信仰、傳統思維、傳統倫理和居住形態具有重要價值。分析句子結構可知，該空前后是兩個完整的句子，此處應使用連詞，結合句意可知，兩句之間是并列關系。故填and。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
10．（2018秋 賓陽縣校級期末）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt．This trend，which was started by the medical community （醫學界）（1）　as　a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side（2）　effects　（effect）such as overweight and heart disease﹣﹣﹣﹣the very thing the medical community was trying to fight．
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet．They are required（3）　to process　（process）the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions．When fat and salt（4）　are removed　（remove）from food，the food tastes as if is missing something．As（5）　a　result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing．Even（6）　worse　（bad），the amount of fast food that people eat goes up．Fast food（7）　is　（be） full of fat and salt；by（8）　eating　（eat） more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet．
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃點心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food．However，be（9）　careful　（care）not to go to extremes．Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，（10）　which　is not good for the health．
【答案】見試題解答內容
【分析】食品服務行業最近出現了低脂肪、低鹽的趨勢，這一趨勢最開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病方法．經研究發現低脂肪低鹽可以比高脂肪高鹽有更低的患病機會．
【解答】1．as．考查介詞．根據句意"這一趨勢最開始被醫學界作為一種治療心臟病方法"可知這里表達"作為"之意，所以答案填as．
2．effects．考查名詞單復數．有前面的修飾短語some可知這里的side effects應該用復數，所以答案填effects．
3．to process．考查非謂語動詞．根據固定短語be required to do sth．"被要求做某事"可知此處答案填to process．
4．are removed．考查動詞時態和語態．設空處是由When引導的時間狀語從句，主語是fat and salt（復數），因此所給詞remove要充當謂語，根據上下文可知為一般現在時，而fat and salt與remove存在被動關系，故答案填are removed．
5．a．考查冠詞．根據固定短語as a result"結果"，可知答案填a．
6．worse．考查形容詞的比較級．此處所給詞bad前面有even修飾，所以要用比較級，根據bad﹣worse﹣worst可知答案填worse．
7．is．考查動詞時態．此句主語是Fast food，所以后面的be作謂語，根據上下文語境該用一般現在時，fast food是單數，所以答案填is．
8．eating．考查非謂語動詞．By是介詞，后接動名詞作賓語，所以答案填eating．
9．careful．考查詞類轉換．此句是一個祈使句，以系動詞be開頭，系動詞后面接形容詞作表語，所以care轉換成形容詞careful．所以答案填careful．
10．which．考查定語從句．根據句意"跟其他食物一樣，吃得太多也是有可能的，但這對健康不利"，設空處應該指代前面整句話，所以只能用which引導非限制性定語從句，所以此處填which．
【點評】語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考查語法知識的運用能力，在解題前應快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，在讀懂短文的基礎上，結合短文提供的特定的語言環境去逐句分析．要解決好語法填空，離不開堅實的語法知識，有了堅實的語法知識才能對語言進行正確的分析和判斷，從而答對題目．
11．（2022 南京模擬）Recently，the remains of a gold mask are among a huge pit （坑） of 3，000﹣year﹣old items found at an archaeological（考古的） site in China's Sichuan province. （1）　Weighing　 （weigh） about 280 grams and estimated to have 84% gold，the gold mask is one of over 500 items unearthed from six （2）　newly　 （new） discovered "sacrificial pits".
In addition to the gold mask，archaeologists uncovered bronzes，gold foils and items （3）　made　 （make） from ivory，jade and bone.The six pits also unearthed a mysterious wooden box and a bronze vessel （器皿） which are hard（4）　to explain　 （explain）.Since the 1920s，archaeologists （5）　have discovered　 （discover） more than 50，000 ancient items at Sanxingdui.
The latest finds enrich and deepen archaeologists'（6）　understanding　 （understand） of how civilization developed in ancient China.In particular，evidence of a unique Shu culture suggests that the kingdom developed independently of neighboring societies in the Yellow River Valley， （7）　which　 was traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Chinese civilization.
Though not yet recognized （8）　as　 a UNESCO World Heritage Site，Sanxingdui is on the organization's "possible future list".Along with other Shu archaeological （9）　sites　 （site），it is considered by the UN agency to be "（10）　an　 outstanding representative of the Bronze Age Civilization of China，East Asia and even the world".
【答案】（1）Weighing（2）newly（3）made（4）to explain（5）have discovered（6）understanding（7）which（8）as（9）sites（10）an
【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了最近中國四川省的一處考古遺址發現了大量文物，這些文物是中國、東亞乃至世界青銅時代文明的杰出代表。
【解答】（1）考查現在分詞。句意：這個金面具重約280克，估計含金量為84%，是新發現的6個"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。主句主語the gold mask與weigh之間存在主動關系，用現在分詞作狀語。故填Weighing。
（2）考查副詞。句意：這個金面具重約280克，估計含金量為84%，是新發現的6個"祭祀坑"出土的500多件物品之一。修飾動詞discover用副詞形式。故填newly。
（3）考查過去分詞。句意：除了金面具，考古學家還發現了青銅器、金箔以及象牙、玉石和骨頭制成的物品。名詞items與make之間存在被動關系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語。故填made。
（4）考查動詞不定式。句意：這六個坑還出土了一個神秘的木箱和一個難以解釋的青銅器。句型：主語 + be + adj. + to do，此句型要求不定式為主動形式。故填to explain。
（5）考查動詞時態。句意：自20世紀20年代以來，考古學家已經在三星堆發現了5萬多件古代物品。根據時間狀語Since the 1920s可知，本句謂語為現在完成時，主語為archaeologists，復數，所以謂語動詞用have。故填have discovered。
（6）考查不可數名詞。句意：最新的發現豐富和深化了考古學家對中國古代文明如何發展的理解。根據空前的所有格archaeologists'可知，空處為名詞形式，表示抽象概念，為不可數名詞。故填understanding。
（7）考查非限制性定語從句。句意：特別是，獨特的蜀文化證據表明，這個王國獨立于黃河流域的周邊社會發展起來，黃河流域傳統上被認為是中國文明的發源地。句中先行詞為the Yellow River Valley，在非限制性定語從句中擔當主語，所以用關系代詞which引導。故填which。
（8）考查介詞。句意：盡管三星堆還沒有被聯合國教科文組織認定為世界遺產，但它已經在該組織的"未來可能名單"上了。短語：be recognized as…被認為是……。故填as。
（9）考查可數名詞的復數。句意：與蜀國其他考古遺址一樣，它被聯合國機構認為是"中國、東亞乃至世界青銅時代文明的杰出代表"。根據上文的other可知，空處為名詞的復數形式，故填sites。
（10）考查冠詞。句意：與蜀國其他考古遺址一樣，它被聯合國機構認為是"中國、東亞乃至世界青銅時代文明的杰出代表"。修飾可數名詞單數，泛指，用不定冠詞；空后outstanding為元音音素開頭，所以用an。故填an。
【點評】做本題的關鍵是在理解短文的基礎上，靈活運用所學的基礎知識。本類型的題目常考到的知識點有：固定的短語，詞類的轉換，名詞的復數形式，副詞以及祈使句的用法等。因此，這就需要在平時的學習中，牢固掌握各語言點及一些語法知識。
12．There is a reason why we dream.Dreams aren't just a product（1）　that/which　our brain develops while we sleep.There is something more to it than that.It's from reams that some of the greatest inventions of man have become a（2）　reality　（real）.
There（3）　is　（be）a very simple exercise to start recalling your dreams.Before（4）　going　（go）to bed，for at east 24 days，keep telling yourself，"I will remember all my dreams."（5）　At　first，you may not see any results at all，but just insist.After a while you will（6）　probably　 （probable）notice that vague（模糊的）memories of your dreams will stay in （7）　your　（you）mind when you wake up.As you continue to do this，you will notice that it's not just one dream that comes back to you （8）　but　 a number of dreams.
Now the fun doesn't just stop there.Try to understand what your dreams mean，and see if it applies to something that is happening in your everyday life.Many of the （9）　problems　（problem）we struggle with have already been solved in our （10）　amazing　（amaze）mind.These answers come to us in the form of dreams.
【答案】（1）that/which（2）reality（3）is（4）going（5）At（6）probably（7）your（8）but（9）problems（10）amazing
【分析】本文講述如何記住我們所做的夢的方法，并且嘗試理解夢的意義。
【解答】（1）that/which.考查定語從句。句意：夢不僅僅是我們睡覺時大腦發育出來的產物。分析句子結構，先行詞a product為物，在定語從句中作主語，故填that/which。
（2）reality.考查名詞。句意：人類一些最偉大的發明正是從夢中變成現實的。空處作表語，前面有不定冠詞，所以用單數名詞，故填reality。
（3）is.考查時態和主謂一致。句意：有一個非常簡單的練習可以讓你回憶起你的夢。there be句式，主語在be后面，本句主語為a very simple exercise，所以謂語用第三人稱單數形式；根據下一句的謂語動詞keep可知，句子用一般現在時，故填is。
（4）going.考查動名詞。句意：在睡覺前，至少24天，不斷地告訴自己："我會記住我所有的夢。" before為介詞，后跟動名詞，故填going。
（5）At.考查介詞。句意：一開始，你可能根本看不到任何結果。at first起初，為固定搭配，故填At。
（6）probably.考查副詞。句意：過了一段時間，你可能會注意到，你的夢中模糊的記憶會留在你的腦海里。修飾動詞，所以用副詞，故填probably。
（7）your.考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：過了一段時間，你可能會注意到，你的夢中模糊的記憶會留在你的腦海里。放在名詞前面，所以用形容詞性物主代詞，故填your。
（8）but.考查連詞。句意：當你繼續這樣做的時候，你會注意到，不僅僅是一個夢，還有很多個夢。not just...but （also） 不但...而且，為固定搭配，故填but。
（9）problems.考查名詞的數。句意：我們奮斗的許多問題已經在我們神奇的頭腦中解決了。前面有many，所以用復數名詞，故填problems。
（10）amazing.考查形容詞。句意：我們奮斗的許多問題已經在我們神奇的頭腦中解決了。空處作定語修飾名詞mind，所以用形容詞，表示"令人吃驚的"，故填amazing。
【點評】語法填空考查學生英語綜合知識的運用，做題時要首先明確短文大意，從詞語搭配，固定句型，語法，時態等方面綜合考慮，結合上下文語境找出正確答案。
13．（2021秋 松江區期末）
Three Myths About Skin
We put importance into caring for skin since it's the first thing other people see.Skin might be one of the least correctly （1）　interpreted　 （interpret） parts of our bodies.So today，I'd like to run through three myths we have about skin.
Myth No.1：Healthy skin is skin that looks perfect.When we talk of healthy skin，we（2）　might / may / will　 think of a clear and smooth surface.But skin is a living organ，（3）　like　 heart or lungs and any other complex organ，serving many functions，not just about what's going on at the surface.
Myth No.2：You only need sunscreen on sunny days.UV rays from the sun are so strong that（4）　they　 damage our cells' DNA.There are two types that affect the skin.UVA rays damage protein in skin，quickening the pace of aging.UVB rays，meanwhile，cook the outer layer of the skin，causing sunburn.（5）　While/Although/Though　 our cells can repair that damage to some extent，it accumulates over time，and can lead to skin cancer.When our skin （6）　is exposed　 （expose） to UV rays，it gets darker，which is the way of showing it's been damaged.So by wearing sunscreen，even when it's cloudy，you are protecting yourself from sunburn，early aging and skin cancer.
Myth No.3：You can shrink pores.Pores are the tiny openings in our skin.They're （7）　what　 let sweat cool you and oil smooth skin.Pore size is largely determined by genes，（8）　whose　 function is to carry information for particular characteristics，and rarely

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