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北京市八一學(xué)校2024~2025學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí)
高三英語
第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ___1___ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone.
But in my hotel room I felt ___2___ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost Hence, I decided to ___3___ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in snoek. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ___4___ bikers.
Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ___5___ in my throat. Was I at the right theatre Had I misread the date of the event
I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ film, I muttered a prayer to ___7___ my anxieties. A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band's performance soon ___8___ all my worries from my mind and I began to relax.
After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (護(hù)送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ___9___ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ___10___ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life.
1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint
2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless
3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend
4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking
5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped
6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. constructing
7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten
8. A. took away B. picked up C. brought about D. tore down
9 A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar
10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only ____11____ (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she ____12____ (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem ____13____ (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased.
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study ____14____ intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate. They demanded a highly aesthetic space, ____15____ (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated ____16____ disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. Besides the well-known “four treasures of the study” — ink brushes, ink cakes, ink stones and paper — the study is also enriched with other ____17____ (object) like engraved seals, brush holders, incense burners and musical instruments.
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Here are some ways for you to fight against anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop ____18____ (try) to contain your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know____19____you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become ____20____ (calm) and less violent.
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀理解(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Wildlife conservation initiatives offer a meaningful way for individuals to actively participate in the protection of endangered species while gaining insights into how they can contribute to their preservation. For those passionate about wildlife several programs present opportunities for involvement:
◆ Animal Rescue Project, South Africa:
Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. The project involves an animal hospital equipped to cater to their medical needs and an adoption center dedicated to finding them permanent homes. Due to financial constraints, the center relies heavily on volunteers to handle daily tasks and provide hands-on care for these animals.
◆ Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka:
Witnessing a decline in sea turtle populations due to various commercial activities, this project focuses on supporting hatcheries(孵化場) in their conservation efforts. Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance.Your participation not only aids in providing financial support to these hatcheries but also contributes to the sustainability of sea turtle populations.
◆ Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia:
Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. This program also serves as an excellent opportunity to make a meaningful contribution while fostering connections with like-minded individuals from across the globe.
◆ Marine Conservation Program, Bali:
Set in Tianyar, where coral reef degradation threatens the ecosystem, this initiative aims to restore and conserve the reef to ensure a sustainable future for the local community and marine life.
21. What is the primary objective of the Animal Rescue Project in South Africa
A. To provide medical care for injured wildlife.
B. To conduct research on endangered species.
C. To organize volunteer activities in Cape Town.
D To rehabilitate and rehome stray dogs and cats.
22. How does participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka contribute to the preservation of sea turtle populations
A. By organizing awareness campaigns about marine conservation.
B. By establishing new habitats for sea turtles.
C. By providing financial support to local hatcheries.
D. By regulating commercial fishing activities.
23. What makes the Wildlife Conservation Program in Australia an attractive opportunity for participants
A. The chance to explore the cultural heritage of Australia.
B. The opportunity to engage in international work experience.
C. The availability of luxurious accommodations for volunteers.
D. The focus on research projects studying various animal species.
B
THE OLD FISHERMAN
Our house was directly across a popular hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man, his face lopsided from swelling, red and raw. He told me he’d been hunting for a room since noon but he had no success. “I guess it’s my face. I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments…”
For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep in this rocking chair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I told him we would find him a bed, but to rest on the porch. It didn’t take a long time to see that this old man had an oversized heart crowded into that tiny body. He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury. He didn’t tell it by way of complaint. He was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease.
At bedtime, we put a camp cot in the children’s room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. Before he left for his bus, haltingly, he said, “Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a treatment I can sleep fine in a chair.” He paused a moment and then added, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.
In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. When I received these little remembrances, I often thought of a comment our next-door neighbor made after he left that first morning. “You can lose roomers by putting up such people!”
Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But oh! If only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.
24. When the old fisherman stayed overnight, the author’s children ________________.
A. were bothered B. were terrified
C. felt normal D. felt at home
25. Which of the following statement is true about the fisherman
A. He is both tall and strong.
B. He has five grandchildren.
C. He is pessimistic about life.
D. He suffers from a back injury.
26. The old fisherman gave the author fishes and oysters because he________.
A. wanted the author to buy them.
B. wanted to pay the rent with them.
C. had fished too many fishes and oysters.
D. wanted to show his thankfulness to the author.
27. What can we learn from the story
A. Never judge a book by its cover.
B. Little strokes fell great oaks.
C. Stay positive, stay grateful.
D. Honesty is the best policy.
C
Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.
Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.
Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飛蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate.
On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.
Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推測的) for now, she says.
28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________.
A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt
B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants
C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered
D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves
29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.
30. It can be learnt from the research that ________.
A. greenhouse effects can be avoided
B. soil condition can be adjusted in time
C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster
D. insects can be detected and removed easily
D
In 1979, Archie Cochrane published an essay condemning his fellow doctors. “It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” The idea of “organizing a critical summary” may seem unworthy of Cochrane, yet he had struck at the heart of the matter.
The basic building block of evidence in medicine is the randomized trial, as Cochrane understood. But some trials are flawed (有錯(cuò)誤的), others may have vanished from the academic record, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hoped-for results. Even when trials are reported, the most robust evidence comes from synthesizing (合成) them. Proper synthesis can turn inconclusive trials into a conclusive result, yet to turn those trials into a structured body of knowledge takes work.
In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers founded Cochrane, a non-profit now listing over 9,000 systematic reviews. But in fields like education or policing, the picture is less rosy. Education is arguably of comparable importance to health for any government. Yet, the UK government spends 18 times as much on research into health than it does on research into education — or, to put it another way, education research is underfunded by a factor of 10.
If anything, that paints too optimistic a picture of research into social policy, because other countries spend even less. And, perhaps, education research is probably the best of the rest when it comes to research funding. The Campbell Collaboration, which aims to do for social policy what Cochrane does for medicine, boasts just 231 systematic reviews — reflecting that social policy research enjoys a fraction of the money and attention lavished on medicine.
More than a lack of spending, there’s a reluctance to support the infrastructure of systematic reviews, or to fund their updates into “l(fā)iving evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (International Initiative for Impact Evaluation), admired for its Development Evidence Portal (門戶網(wǎng)站), which struggles for steady funding. The portal could run for a year at less cost than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public goods tend by their nature to be underfunded.”
On the bright side, more than 50mn of funding for evidence synthesis was recently announced. This modest funding could significantly contribute to building an “evidence bank” for policymakers.
Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. Researchers focus on specific interventions, while policymakers address broader problems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer policymaker questions. Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics.
As Eleanor Chelimsky, one of the 20th century’s great policy evaluators explained, “I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known.”
Dramatizing our ignorance is one of the most valuable things an evidence review can do.
31. What was Archie Cochrane’s major concern
A. Doctors failed to put medical trials into summaries.
B. Medical trials were too flawed to be published.
C. Organizing medical summaries was seen as unworthy.
D. Medical profession received widespread criticism.
32. What be inferred from the passage
A. Education is the top priority in research funding.
B. Social policy research funding has increased significantly.
C Systematic reviews help make research funding more focused.
D. The 3ie portal was underfunded due to poor effectiveness evaluation.
33. What does the underlined word “dramatize” in paragraph 8 mean
A. Call ... into question B. Bring attention to ...
C. Make up for… D. Turn … into a scene
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the article
A. Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key
B. Will Gaps in Public Research Be Fixed
C. What to Expect from Known Unknowns
D. Who to Blame for Research Underfunding
第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. ____35____
For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. ____36____ So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies.
___37___ And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry.
A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. ____38____ From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation.
Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. ____39____
A. It helps us understand who we are and how we are.
B. Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it.
C. Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why.
D. And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world.
E. Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader.
F. It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life
G. Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意識(shí)形態(tài)).
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共32分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)。
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。
A study published in the journal Organizational Behavior this month found that the same piece of work is judged more harshly if it is handed in late than if it is handed in on time. Procrastination is harmful, the study suggests, and it really does matter if you make the deadline.
This news didn’t strike fear into my heart for a couple of reasons. First, it feels intuitive. Second, I am a punctual person. I meet the vast majority of my deadlines. But, for me, procrastination is integral to achieving that. My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing. Not time off from working, strictly, but time when I am just thinking. It looks like pure procrastination, it even feels like procrastination a lot of the time — but I am passionate in my defense that it isn’t quite.
If I sit down to do a piece of work too soon, it perversely (反常地) takes me longer and turns out worse overall. I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things. I don’t think writing is the only job for which this is true. I feel confident that any job that involves primarily mental rather than physical labour benefits from a certain amount of this semi-procrastination.
That phrase “a certain amount”, though, is where things get interesting. Procrastination is less an art than an extreme sport. Some is genuinely productive, but too much will ruin your life. So, the right amount of procrastination — what exactly is that I can’t help you here. It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校對(duì)). The other factor here is fear. Personally, I need to be genuinely afraid that I do not have enough time left to complete my work to a high standard in order to really get down to it.
It’s not a perfect system. In some ways I wish the procrastination portion of my work process did not exist. Because it might work, broadly, but it often doesn’t feel good. I frequently fall prey to the worst of both worlds: not properly working, but not resting and allowing thoughts to flourish either, just sort of pickling and worrying and frittering around. But I would like my battle to continue to be how to procrastinate well, rather than how not to procrastinate at all.
40. What does the author include in their ideal working day as a writer
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why does the author need semi-procrastination
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Will you semi-procrastinate and why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
第二節(jié) (共20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim得知了中國最新入選的世界遺產(chǎn)，打算暑假來中國參觀體驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 推薦參觀的世界遺產(chǎn)；
2. 就以上建議簡要說明理由。
提示詞：遺產(chǎn) relic
注意：1 詞數(shù)100左右
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua北京市八一學(xué)校2024~2025學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí)
高三英語
第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用 (共兩節(jié)，30分)
第一節(jié) 完形填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ___1___ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone.
But in my hotel room I felt ___2___ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost Hence, I decided to ___3___ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in snoek. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ___4___ bikers.
Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ___5___ in my throat. Was I at the right theatre Had I misread the date of the event
I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ film, I muttered a prayer to ___7___ my anxieties. A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band's performance soon ___8___ all my worries from my mind and I began to relax.
After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (護(hù)送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ___9___ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ___10___ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life.
1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint
2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless
3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend
4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking
5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped
6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. constructing
7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten
8. A. took away B. picked up C. brought about D. tore down
9. A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar
10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者某次在芝加哥參加工作培訓(xùn)時(shí)，勇于走出酒店，去看了一部電影，并有了一次非常美好的體驗(yàn)。
【1題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，沒有一個(gè)同事能為我擠出時(shí)間。A. occupy占據(jù)；B. squeeze擠壓；C. search搜索；D. appoint任命。根據(jù)后文“I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone.(我害怕在晚上獨(dú)自一人在街上閑逛)”以及上文however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明沒有同事能擠出時(shí)間陪作者去看電影。故選B。
【2題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在我的酒店房間里，我感到坐立難安和無聊。A. graceless粗野的；B. careless馬虎的；C. restless坐立難安的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根據(jù)后文“The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost (劇院離旅館只有五個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)。我怎么會(huì)迷路呢？)”可知，作者想去看電影，所以在酒店感到坐立難安和無聊。故選C。
【3題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我決定勇敢地去做。A. brave勇敢面對(duì)；B. desert拋棄；C. forget忘記；D. attend參加。根據(jù)上文“The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost (劇院離旅館只有五個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)。我怎么會(huì)迷路呢？)”可知，作者對(duì)自己很自信，決定勇敢去看電影。故選A。
【4題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：街上到處都是騎自行車的人——很多塊頭很大，看起來很兇。A. well-behaved行為端正的；B. hard-working努力工作地；C. casually-dressed穿著隨意；D. tough-looking外表強(qiáng)硬的。根據(jù)上文“The street was full of bikers — lots of very big”可知，騎自行車的人很多塊頭很大，外表強(qiáng)悍，看起來很兇。故選D。
【5題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：警鈴開始響起，我的心都跳到嗓子眼兒了。A. beat打敗；B. sank下沉；C. stopped停止；D. jumped跳躍。根據(jù)上文“my heart”以及后文“in my throat”指作者心跳很快，后文“heart racing”也是提示。故選D。
【6題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心怦怦直跳，期待著看電影，我低聲祈禱，以抑制我的焦慮。A. accomplishing實(shí)現(xiàn)；B. watching觀看；C. anticipating預(yù)期；D. constructing構(gòu)造。根據(jù)后文“film”以及上文作者想來看這場電影，所以指坐在劇院里，期待著電影。故選C。
【7題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心怦怦直跳，期待著看電影，我低聲祈禱，以抑制我的焦慮。A. contain抑制；B. comfort安慰；C. strengthen加強(qiáng)；D. tighten變緊。根據(jù)上文“I muttered a prayer to”可知，作者通過祈禱來抑制自己的焦慮情緒。故選A。
8題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：對(duì)樂隊(duì)表演的熱情很快帶走了我所有的煩惱，我開始放松下來。A. took away帶走；B. picked up撿起；C. brought about引起；D. tore down拆除。根據(jù)后文“all my worries from my mind and I began to relax”可知，熱情帶走了作者的煩惱，作者開始放松。故選A。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那一刻，我被一種聯(lián)系所打動(dòng)，這種聯(lián)系把這么多原本截然不同的人吸引到同一個(gè)地方。A. natural自然的；B. cooperative合作的；C. distinct不同的；D. similar相似的。根據(jù)上文“After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted dogs from New Jersey to Chicago.(樂隊(duì)結(jié)束后，電影開始了，在與工作人員交談后，我明白了騎自行車的人的存在。作為動(dòng)物救援組織的一員，他們護(hù)送狗從新澤西到芝加哥)”可知，這些人護(hù)送狗從新澤西到芝加哥，所以是指把不同的人吸引到了同一個(gè)地方。故選C。
【10題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我一直呆到最后，平安無事地到達(dá)了我的酒店，我很高興我突破了我過去為自己設(shè)定的界限，進(jìn)入了未知的世界。A. definition定義；B. imagination想象力；C. circulation銷售量；D. boundary邊界。根據(jù)后文“I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown”可知，作者進(jìn)入了未知的世界，突破了界限。故選D。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空，在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
A
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only ____11____ (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she ____12____ (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem ____13____ (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased.
【答案】11. to discover
12. had placed
13. has been resolved
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了一位澳大利亞女士下班后回家發(fā)現(xiàn)家中有一只考拉，最終聯(lián)系保護(hù)公園將其安全放生的故事。
【11題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：一天，一位澳大利亞女士下班后回到家，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)家里有個(gè)陌生人。此處為固定結(jié)構(gòu)only to do sth.，意為“結(jié)果卻……”，表示意料之外的結(jié)果，所以此處使用動(dòng)詞不定式形式。故填to discover。
【12題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：陌生人揮舞著她之前放在家里的桿子，就像在表演鋼管舞。此處為謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語境和時(shí)間狀語before可知，place的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞was之前，即“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“had +過去分詞”。故填had placed。
【13題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：盡管這個(gè)問題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了，但它確實(shí)凸顯了一個(gè)事實(shí)：隨著人類住宅建設(shè)的增加，野生動(dòng)物的自然棲息地正在減少。此處為謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語by now可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；problem與resolve為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)。故填has been resolved。
B
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study ____14____ intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate. They demanded a highly aesthetic space, ____15____ (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated ____16____ disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. Besides the well-known “four treasures of the study” — ink brushes, ink cakes, ink stones and paper — the study is also enriched with other ____17____ (object) like engraved seals, brush holders, incense burners and musical instruments.
【答案】14. where
15. decorated
16. from 17. objects
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“文房”的含義，即古代文人可以獨(dú)自享受寧靜時(shí)刻以積累文化和冥想的書房，還提到書房需要有美觀的裝飾和各種文具器物。
【14題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：“文房”指的是古代文人可以獨(dú)自享受寧靜時(shí)刻以積累文化和冥想的書房。此處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，先行詞是a reading room or a study，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。
【15題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們需要一個(gè)極具美感的空間，用精美的文具裝飾，這樣他們即使是短暫的時(shí)間也能遠(yuǎn)離紛擾的事務(wù)。此處修飾名詞space，decorate與邏輯主語space之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作后置定語，表被動(dòng)。故填decorated。
【16題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：他們需要一個(gè)極具美感的空間，用精美的文具裝飾，這樣他們即使是短暫的時(shí)間也能遠(yuǎn)離紛擾的事務(wù)。固定短語be isolated from“與……隔絕，遠(yuǎn)離”。故填from。
【17題詳解】
考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：除了著名的“文房四寶”——毛筆、墨錠、硯臺(tái)和紙張——書房里還擺滿了其他物品，如印章、筆架、香爐和樂器。object“物品”，可數(shù)名詞，有other修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填objects。
C
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
Here are some ways for you to fight against anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop ____18____ (try) to contain your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know____19____you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become ____20____ (calm) and less violent.
【答案】18. trying
19. why 20. calmer
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些對(duì)抗憤怒的方法。
【18題詳解】
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：其次，別再試圖壓抑自己的憤怒了。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，此處指停止試圖壓抑憤怒，符合語境。故填trying。
【19題詳解】
考查賓語從句。句意：一旦你明白了自己為何會(huì)生氣，就有可能找到解決問題的辦法。最后，切勿選擇逃避的方式。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少原因狀語，故填why。
【20題詳解】
考查比較級(jí)。句意：通過學(xué)會(huì)控制情緒，你就能變得更為冷靜，也更少表現(xiàn)出暴力行為。根據(jù)后文less violent可知為比較級(jí)。故填calmer。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀理解(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Wildlife conservation initiatives offer a meaningful way for individuals to actively participate in the protection of endangered species while gaining insights into how they can contribute to their preservation. For those passionate about wildlife, several programs present opportunities for involvement:
◆ Animal Rescue Project, South Africa:
Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. The project involves an animal hospital equipped to cater to their medical needs and an adoption center dedicated to finding them permanent homes. Due to financial constraints, the center relies heavily on volunteers to handle daily tasks and provide hands-on care for these animals.
◆ Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka:
Witnessing a decline in sea turtle populations due to various commercial activities, this project focuses on supporting hatcheries(孵化場) in their conservation efforts. Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance.Your participation not only aids in providing financial support to these hatcheries but also contributes to the sustainability of sea turtle populations.
◆ Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia:
Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. This program also serves as an excellent opportunity to make a meaningful contribution while fostering connections with like-minded individuals from across the globe.
◆ Marine Conservation Program, Bali:
Set in Tianyar, where coral reef degradation threatens the ecosystem, this initiative aims to restore and conserve the reef to ensure a sustainable future for the local community and marine life.
21. What is the primary objective of the Animal Rescue Project in South Africa
A. To provide medical care for injured wildlife.
B. To conduct research on endangered species.
C. To organize volunteer activities in Cape Town.
D. To rehabilitate and rehome stray dogs and cats.
22. How does participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka contribute to the preservation of sea turtle populations
A. By organizing awareness campaigns about marine conservation.
B. By establishing new habitats for sea turtles.
C. By providing financial support to local hatcheries.
D. By regulating commercial fishing activities.
23. What makes the Wildlife Conservation Program in Australia an attractive opportunity for participants
A. The chance to explore the cultural heritage of Australia.
B. The opportunity to engage in international work experience.
C. The availability of luxurious accommodations for volunteers.
D. The focus on research projects studying various animal species.
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了全球各地的動(dòng)物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，包括南非的動(dòng)物救援項(xiàng)目、斯里蘭卡的海龜保護(hù)項(xiàng)目以及澳大利亞的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目。這些項(xiàng)目旨在通過各種方式保護(hù)和幫助當(dāng)?shù)氐膭?dòng)物種群，例如幫助流浪狗和貓找到新家、支持海龜孵化場的保護(hù)工作并提供經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，以及為參與者提供國際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。這些項(xiàng)目不僅有助于保護(hù)動(dòng)物，還為參與者提供了參與和支持動(dòng)物保護(hù)事業(yè)的平臺(tái)和機(jī)會(huì)。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Animal Rescue Project, South Africa中“Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. (與開普敦經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的自然資源保護(hù)者一起，解決為無家可歸的狗和貓尋找新家的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，南非的動(dòng)物救援項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是幫助流浪狗和貓得到庇護(hù)和再次安置。故選D。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka中“Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance. (參與斯里蘭卡的海龜保護(hù)項(xiàng)目支持孵化場的保護(hù)工作，包括提供財(cái)政援助。)”可知，參與斯里蘭卡的海龜保護(hù)項(xiàng)目是通過為當(dāng)?shù)胤趸瘓鎏峁┙?jīng)濟(jì)支持為保護(hù)海龜做貢獻(xiàn)的。故選C。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia中“Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. (讓自己沉浸在動(dòng)物護(hù)理、設(shè)施維護(hù)和豐富任務(wù)等活動(dòng)中，為獲得第一手的國際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)提供了一個(gè)難以置信的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，該項(xiàng)目為參與者提供獲得國際工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B。
B
THE OLD FISHERMAN
Our house was directly across a popular hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man, his face lopsided from swelling, red and raw. He told me he’d been hunting for a room since noon but he had no success. “I guess it’s my face. I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments…”
For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep in this rocking chair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I told him we would find him a bed, but to rest on the porch. It didn’t take a long time to see that this old man had an oversized heart crowded into that tiny body. He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury. He didn’t tell it by way of complaint. He was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease.
At bedtime, we put a camp cot in the children’s room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. Before he left for his bus, haltingly, he said, “Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a treatment I can sleep fine in a chair.” He paused a moment and then added, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.
In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. When I received these little remembrances, I often thought of a comment our next-door neighbor made after he left that first morning. “You can lose roomers by putting up such people!”
Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But oh! If only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude.
24. When the old fisherman stayed overnight, the author’s children ________________.
A. were bothered B. were terrified
C. felt normal D. felt at home
25. Which of the following statement is true about the fisherman
A. He is both tall and strong.
B. He has five grandchildren.
C. He is pessimistic about life.
D. He suffers from a back injury.
26. The old fisherman gave the author fishes and oysters because he________.
A. wanted the author to buy them.
B. wanted to pay the rent with them.
C. had fished too many fishes and oysters.
D. wanted to show his thankfulness to the author.
27. What can we learn from the story
A. Never judge a book by its cover.
B. Little strokes fell great oaks.
C. Stay positive, stay grateful.
D. Honesty is the best policy.
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文為記敘文。本文講述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒絕的求宿老人遇到熱心的作者和家人容留心存感念。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段老人的一番話…Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.（你的孩子們使我感到賓至如歸。大人會(huì)為我的臉煩惱，但孩子們似乎并不介意。）可推斷，作者的孩子們沒有因?yàn)槠湎嗝渤舐芙^他，因此，他們抱著平常心態(tài)對(duì)待老人，故選C。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury.（他告訴我，他以捕魚為生，以養(yǎng)活他的女兒、她的五個(gè)孩子和因背部受傷而殘廢的丈夫。）可知，老人有五個(gè)外孫，故選B。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.（“你的孩子們使我感到賓至如歸。大人會(huì)為我的臉煩惱，但孩子們似乎并不介意。”我告訴他歡迎他再來。）和第四段In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden.（多年來，他來我們這里過夜。他從來沒有一次不給我們送來他園子里的魚、牡蠣或蔬菜。）可知，因?yàn)樽髡叩氖樟簦屗屑ひ蚨看蝸矶妓徒o作者魚和牡蠣，故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。本文講述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒絕的求宿老人遇到熱心的作者和家人容留心存感念，作者在最后一段發(fā)出感慨I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude（我知道，我們一家人會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)感激能認(rèn)識(shí)他;從他那里，我們學(xué)會(huì)了毫無怨言地接受不好的東西，心懷感激地接受好的東西），故可知，選項(xiàng)A . Never judge a book by its cover.（不要以貌取人）符合題意，故選A。
C
Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops.
Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut.
Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飛蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate.
On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average.
It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example.
Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought.
“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK.
She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推測的) for now, she says.
28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________.
A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt
B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants
C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered
D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves
29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.
30. It can be learnt from the research that ________.
A. greenhouse effects can be avoided
B. soil condition can be adjusted in time
C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster
D. insects can be detected and removed easily
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn)植物具備感知能力，但人們通常仍認(rèn)為它們是“沉默”的。最新研究首次記錄到植物在受到脅迫時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出人類聽不到的超聲波“哭泣”，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能為精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)開辟新方向。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“On average, drought - stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.( 受干旱脅迫的番茄植株平均每小時(shí)發(fā)出35個(gè)聲音，而煙草植株每小時(shí)發(fā)出11個(gè)聲音)”可知，缺水（干旱脅迫）時(shí)番茄植株每小時(shí)發(fā)出35個(gè)聲音，煙草植株每小時(shí)發(fā)出11個(gè)聲音。這表明缺水的番茄植株比煙草植株對(duì)缺水這種壓力更敏感，發(fā)出更多聲音。故選B項(xiàng)。
【29題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation.( 如果在田間情況下設(shè)置錄音的成本不太高，那么將干旱脅迫植物發(fā)出的聲音用于精準(zhǔn)農(nóng)業(yè)的建議似乎是可行的)”和最后一段“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推測的) for now, she says.(她警告說，目前這些結(jié)果還無法推廣到其他脅迫因素，比如鹽分或溫度，因?yàn)檫@些因素可能不會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物發(fā)出聲音。此外，她表示，目前還沒有實(shí)驗(yàn)表明飛蛾或任何其他動(dòng)物能否聽到植物發(fā)出的聲音并作出反應(yīng)，因此這一觀點(diǎn)目前仍屬于推測性的)”可知，她既認(rèn)可該發(fā)現(xiàn)有一定可行性，又指出了存在的問題，態(tài)度是謹(jǐn)慎的。故選D項(xiàng)。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency.( 甚至可以通過區(qū)分聲音來知道重音是什么。研究人員訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)模型來區(qū)分植物的聲音和溫室里的風(fēng)、雨和其他噪音，在大多數(shù)情況下，根據(jù)聲音的強(qiáng)度和頻率，正確識(shí)別出壓力是由干燥還是割傷引起的)”可知，通過聲音能夠區(qū)分植物所受的壓力，比如是干旱還是割傷造成的。這意味著可以更快地診斷植物的狀況。故選C項(xiàng)。
D
In 1979, Archie Cochrane published an essay condemning his fellow doctors. “It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” The idea of “organizing a critical summary” may seem unworthy of Cochrane, yet he had struck at the heart of the matter.
The basic building block of evidence in medicine is the randomized trial, as Cochrane understood. But some trials are flawed (有錯(cuò)誤的), others may have vanished from the academic record, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hoped-for results. Even when trials are reported, the most robust evidence comes from synthesizing (合成) them. Proper synthesis can turn inconclusive trials into a conclusive result, yet to turn those trials into a structured body of knowledge takes work.
In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers founded Cochrane, a non-profit now listing over 9,000 systematic reviews. But in fields like education or policing, the picture is less rosy. Education is arguably of comparable importance to health for any government. Yet, the UK government spends 18 times as much on research into health than it does on research into education — or, to put it another way, education research is underfunded by a factor of 10.
If anything, that paints too optimistic a picture of research into social policy, because other countries spend even less. And, perhaps, education research is probably the best of the rest when it comes to research funding. The Campbell Collaboration, which aims to do for social policy what Cochrane does for medicine, boasts just 231 systematic reviews — reflecting that social policy research enjoys a fraction of the money and attention lavished on medicine.
More than a lack of spending, there’s a reluctance to support the infrastructure of systematic reviews, or to fund their updates into “l(fā)iving evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (International Initiative for Impact Evaluation), admired for its Development Evidence Portal (門戶網(wǎng)站), which struggles for steady funding. The portal could run for a year at less cost than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public goods tend by their nature to be underfunded.”
On the bright side, more than 50mn of funding for evidence synthesis was recently announced. This modest funding could significantly contribute to building an “evidence bank” for policymakers.
Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. Researchers focus on specific interventions, while policymakers address broader problems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer policymaker questions. Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics.
As Eleanor Chelimsky, one of the 20th century’s great policy evaluators explained, “I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known.”
Dramatizing our ignorance is one of the most valuable things an evidence review can do.
31. What was Archie Cochrane’s major concern
A Doctors failed to put medical trials into summaries.
B. Medical trials were too flawed to be published.
C. Organizing medical summaries was seen as unworthy.
D. Medical profession received widespread criticism.
32. What be inferred from the passage
A. Education is the top priority in research funding.
B. Social policy research funding has increased significantly.
C. Systematic reviews help make research funding more focused.
D. The 3ie portal was underfunded due to poor effectiveness evaluation.
33. What does the underlined word “dramatize” in paragraph 8 mean
A. Call ... into question B. Bring attention to ...
C. Make up for… D. Turn … into a scene
34. Which of the following would be the best title for the article
A. Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key
B. Will Gaps in Public Research Be Fixed
C. What to Expect from Known Unknowns
D. Who to Blame for Research Underfunding
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要討論了Archie Cochrane對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域缺乏系統(tǒng)性綜述的批評(píng)，以及系統(tǒng)性綜述在醫(yī)學(xué)、教育和社會(huì)政策等領(lǐng)域的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了系統(tǒng)性綜述對(duì)于縮小研究者與政策制定者之間差距的作用，并指出其對(duì)研究資金分配的積極影響。
【31題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中““It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” (‘這無疑是對(duì)我們職業(yè)的巨大批評(píng)，’他寫道，‘我們沒有按專業(yè)或亞專業(yè)定期組織對(duì)所有相關(guān)隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)的批判性總結(jié)。’)”可知，Archie Cochrane的主要擔(dān)憂是醫(yī)生們沒有將醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn)整理成批判性總結(jié)。故選A項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics. (此外，證據(jù)綜合強(qiáng)調(diào)了“已知的未知” —— 研究中的空白可以通過有針對(duì)性的資金來填補(bǔ)，而不是對(duì)熟悉的話題進(jìn)行更多的研究。)”可推知，系統(tǒng)性綜述有助于使研究資金更加集中，填補(bǔ)研究空白，而不是盲目增加對(duì)熟悉話題的研究。故選C項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known. (我希望，對(duì)于我們的立法用戶來說，這種綜合不僅能夠dramatize實(shí)際上已知的東西，還能夠dramatize未知的東西。)”可知，Eleanor Chelimsky希望這種綜合不僅能夠揭示實(shí)際上已知的東西，還能夠揭示未知的東西，從而引起立法用戶的注意，讓他們意識(shí)到還有哪些領(lǐng)域需要進(jìn)一步研究和投資，因此劃線詞dramatize應(yīng)意為“引起對(duì)……的注意”。故選B項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，本文主要討論了Archie Cochrane對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域缺乏系統(tǒng)性綜述的批評(píng)，以及系統(tǒng)性綜述在醫(yī)學(xué)、教育和社會(huì)政策等領(lǐng)域的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了系統(tǒng)性綜述對(duì)于縮小研究者與政策制定者之間差距的作用，并指出其對(duì)研究資金分配的積極影響，A項(xiàng)“Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key (為什么系統(tǒng)性綜述是關(guān)鍵)”符合文章主旨，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié) (共5小題；每小題2分，共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. ____35____
For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. ____36____ So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies.
___37___ And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry.
A hundred years later new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. ____38____ From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation.
Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. ____39____
A. It helps us understand who we are and how we are.
B. Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it.
C. Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why.
D. And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world.
E. Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader.
F. It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life
G. Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意識(shí)形態(tài)).
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是文學(xué)及其批評(píng)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
【35題詳解】
空前“It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all.(它涉及偉大的作家，從莎士比亞到塞萬提斯，以及文本。此外，文學(xué)提供了充滿活力的表達(dá)形式，并要求我們接受新的思考世界的方式。它向我們展示了如何批判性地閱讀，甚至問我們?yōu)槭裁匆喿x和寫作)”是對(duì)文學(xué)的概述，空格處也應(yīng)該繼續(xù)概述文學(xué)是什么，C選項(xiàng)“Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why.(最重要的是，它探討了我們?nèi)绾谓涣魉枷胍约盀槭裁?”是對(duì)文學(xué)的概述，承接上文，符合語境，故選C。
【36題詳解】
空前“Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences.(說唱歌詞、廣告語言、我們最喜歡的電影、日記，甚至我們?cè)谏缃幻襟w平臺(tái)上不斷更新的狀態(tài)，都是分享想法和經(jīng)歷的沖動(dòng)的產(chǎn)物)”列舉了一些文學(xué)的形式，空格處應(yīng)該對(duì)前面的幾種文學(xué)形式進(jìn)行評(píng)論，D選項(xiàng)“And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world.(每一種都為我們?nèi)祟惪创澜绲姆绞教峁┝俗约旱囊娊?”說明了空前所舉的文學(xué)形式為我們?nèi)祟惪创澜绲姆绞教峁┝俗约旱囊娊猓薪由衔模险Z境，故選D。
【37題詳解】
空后“And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry.(在19世紀(jì)之交，作家們自己也開始嘗試用新的方式來看待文字。現(xiàn)代文學(xué)批評(píng)誕生于浪漫主義，如威廉·華茲華斯定義詩歌的思想)”說明了作家們開始理解文學(xué)，B選項(xiàng)“Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it.(因?yàn)槲膶W(xué)是復(fù)雜的，我們需要解碼它)”說明了要理解文學(xué)，引出后來作家們所采用的方法，符合語境，故選B。
【38題詳解】
空前“A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it.(一百年后，新的思想流派出現(xiàn)了，他們?cè)噲D理解文學(xué)產(chǎn)生的歷史和文化背景。像特里·伊格爾頓這樣的馬克思主義文學(xué)評(píng)論家認(rèn)為，文學(xué)不是獨(dú)立于時(shí)代和文化的，而是時(shí)代和文化的產(chǎn)物)”說明了一些思想家的想法，空格處應(yīng)該說另外一些思想家的想法，G選項(xiàng)“Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意識(shí)形態(tài)).(其他思想家則關(guān)注身份認(rèn)同，研究作者的自我意識(shí)是如何被社會(huì)的主流意識(shí)形態(tài)所產(chǎn)生的)”說明的是其他思想家的想法，承接上文，符合語境，故選G。
【39題詳解】
空前“Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered.(文學(xué)批評(píng)挑戰(zhàn)了我們思考世界的方式，以及世界應(yīng)該如何秩序化)”說明了文學(xué)批評(píng)是什么，空格處也應(yīng)該說文學(xué)批評(píng)的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，A選項(xiàng)“It helps us understand who we are and how we are.(它幫助我們了解我們是誰，我們是怎樣的)”中的it指代Literary criticism，說明了文學(xué)批評(píng)的好處，承接上文，符合語境，故選A。
第三部分：書面表達(dá)(共32分)
第一節(jié) 閱讀表達(dá)(共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分)。
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。
A study published in the journal Organizational Behavior this month found that the same piece of work is judged more harshly if it is handed in late than if it is handed in on time. Procrastination is harmful, the study suggests, and it really does matter if you make the deadline.
This news didn’t strike fear into my heart for a couple of reasons. First, it feels intuitive. Second, I am a punctual person. I meet the vast majority of my deadlines. But, for me, procrastination is integral to achieving that. My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing. Not time off from working, strictly, but time when I am just thinking. It looks like pure procrastination, it even feels like procrastination a lot of the time — but I am passionate in my defense that it isn’t quite.
If I sit down to do a piece of work too soon it perversely (反常地) takes me longer and turns out worse overall. I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things. I don’t think writing is the only job for which this is true. I feel confident that any job that involves primarily mental rather than physical labour benefits from a certain amount of this semi-procrastination.
That phrase “a certain amount”, though, is where things get interesting. Procrastination is less an art than an extreme sport. Some is genuinely productive, but too much will ruin your life. So, the right amount of procrastination — what exactly is that I can’t help you here. It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校對(duì)). The other factor here is fear. Personally, I need to be genuinely afraid that I do not have enough time left to complete my work to a high standard in order to really get down to it.
It’s not a perfect system. In some ways I wish the procrastination portion of my work process did not exist. Because it might work, broadly, but it often doesn’t feel good. I frequently fall prey to the worst of both worlds: not properly working, but not resting and allowing thoughts to flourish either, just sort of pickling and worrying and frittering around. But I would like my battle to continue to be how to procrastinate well, rather than how not to procrastinate at all.
40. What does the author include in their ideal working day as a writer
_______________________________________________________________
41. Why does the author need semi-procrastination
_______________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone.
_______________________________________________________________
43. Will you semi-procrastinate and why (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________
【答案】40. His/her ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing.
41. He/She needs time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while he/ she does other things.
42. The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. It’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration.
43. As a senior high school student, I tend to semi-procrastinate because it allows me to think deeply about my assignments. This period of apparent inactivity often leads to clearer insights and better solutions when I finally start working. It’s not about avoiding work; it’s about giving my mind the space to incubate ideas before I tackle the task at hand. I choose not to semi-procrastinate. I believe in the importance of time management and discipline, which are crucial for success in both my academic and future endeavors. By starting tasks early, I can allocate sufficient time for thorough understanding and revision, ensuring that I meet deadlines and maintain high standards in my work.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本月《組織行為學(xué)》期刊研究顯示遲交會(huì)讓工作評(píng)價(jià)更嚴(yán)苛，但對(duì)作者而言，適當(dāng)拖延是思考過程，利于腦力工作，不過需把控程度，其動(dòng)力源于對(duì)時(shí)間不足的恐懼。
【40題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段“My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing.(作為一名作家，我理想的工作日包含一定量的無所事事的時(shí)間)”可知，作為一名作家，他/她的理想工作日包含一定量的無所事事的時(shí)間。故答案為His/ her ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing
【41題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things.(我需要給這項(xiàng)任務(wù)一些時(shí)間，在我不做其他事情的時(shí)候讓它在幕后自行完善)”可知，作者需要適度拖延是因?yàn)樗?她需要一些時(shí)間讓任務(wù)在幕后逐漸成型，而在此期間他/她可以去做其他事情。故答案為He/ She needs time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while he/ she does other things.
【42題詳解】
考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校對(duì)).(這會(huì)因人而異、因任務(wù)而異。我自認(rèn)為已經(jīng)對(duì)拖延的時(shí)間把控得相當(dāng)好了。但這種技巧需要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的監(jiān)控和調(diào)整)”可知，錯(cuò)誤部分為“set in stone”，這是一種需要仔細(xì)監(jiān)控和重新調(diào)整的技術(shù)。故答案為The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. It’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration.
【43題詳解】
考查開放題。根據(jù)“你會(huì)半途而廢嗎？為什么？”可回答：作為一名高中生，我傾向于半拖延，因?yàn)檫@能讓我深入思考我的作業(yè)。這段看似無所事事的時(shí)期往往會(huì)在我最終開始工作時(shí)帶來更清晰的見解和更好的解決方案。這不是逃避工作，而是給我的大腦留出空間，在著手處理手頭的任務(wù)之前讓想法充分醞釀。我不選擇半拖延。我相信時(shí)間管理和自律對(duì)于我在學(xué)業(yè)和未來事業(yè)中的成功至關(guān)重要。通過盡早開始任務(wù)，我可以為深入理解和修訂分配足夠的時(shí)間，確保我能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)并保持高質(zhì)量的工作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故答案為As a senior high school student, I tend to semi-procrastinate because it allows me to think deeply about my assignments. This period of apparent inactivity often leads to clearer insights and better solutions when I finally start working. It’s not about avoiding work; it’s about giving my mind the space to incubate ideas before I tackle the task at hand. I choose not to semi-procrastinate. I believe in the importance of time management and discipline, which are crucial for success in both my academic and future endeavors. By starting tasks early, I can allocate sufficient time for thorough understanding and revision, ensuring that I meet deadlines and maintain high standards in my work.
第二節(jié) (共20分)
44. 假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華。你的英國好友Jim得知了中國最新入選的世界遺產(chǎn)，打算暑假來中國參觀體驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)你用英文給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 推薦參觀的世界遺產(chǎn)；
2. 就以上建議簡要說明理由。
提示詞：遺產(chǎn) relic
注意：1. 詞數(shù)100左右
2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled to hear that you’re planning a trip to China this summer to explore our latest UNESCO World Heritage Sites! Here are my top recommendations for you:
First, the Quanzhou Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (newly listed in 2024) is a must-visit. As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, offering a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history. You’ ll love its blend of Arab, Persian, and Chinese influences!
Another highlight is the Imperial Kilns of Jingdezhen. Known as the “Porcelain Capital,” it reveals 1,000 years of ceramic artistry. You can even try pottery-making there — a perfect hands-on experience!
If you prefer nature, the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Yellow Sea (a 2025 addition) boast breathtaking wetlands. Summer is ideal for birdwatching, with rare species like red-crowned cranes.
Let me know your interests so I can tailor more suggestions! Can’t wait to host you.
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear that you’re planning to visit China this summer! Since you’re interested in world heritage sites, I highly recommend that you visit the Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China, which was recently added to the World Heritage list.
Quanzhou was a major maritime trade center during the Song and Yuan dynasties. You’ll find many historical relics there, such as ancient docks, temples, and stone carvings, which reflect the cultural exchange between China and other civilizations. It’s a great place to explore China's history, religion, and international trade over 700 years ago.
Let me know if you need help planning your trip — I’d be happy to assist!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本篇書面表達(dá)是一篇應(yīng)用文。要求考生給英國好友Jim寫一封郵件，推薦參觀的世界遺產(chǎn)并就提出的建議簡要說明理由。
【詳解】1. 詞匯積累
興奮的：thrilled → excited
首先：first → to begin with
提供：offer → provide
更喜歡：prefer → have a preference for
2. 句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, offering a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history.
拓展句：As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, which offer a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to hear that you’re planning a trip to China this summer to explore our latest UNESCO World Heritage Sites! (運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
【高分句型2】Known as the “Porcelain Capital,” it reveals 1,000 years of ceramic artistry. (運(yùn)用了過去分詞短語作非限制性定語語)

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