資源簡介

|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．astronaut n. 　　　 宇航員；太空人
2．rocket n. 火箭；火箭彈
3．gravity n. 重力；引力
4．vehicle n. 交通工具；車輛
5．satellite n. 人造衛星；衛星
6．orbit n. 軌道；勢力范圍
vt.& vi. 沿軌道運行；環繞……運行
7．giant adj. 巨大的；偉大的
n. 巨人；巨獸；偉人
8．data n. [pl.]資料；數據
9．spacecraft n. 航天器；宇宙飛船
10．spacewalk n. 太空行走；太空行走的時間
11．module n. 艙；組件；模塊
12．muscle n. 肌肉；實力；影響力
13．solar adj. 太陽的；太陽能的
14．soap n. 肥皂
15．towel n. 毛巾；抹布
16．tissue n. 紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織
17．monitor n. 監視器；監測儀
vt. 監視；監測；監控
18．pillow n. 枕頭
19．smartphone n. 智能手機
20．oxygen n. 氧；氧氣
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．procedure n. 程序；步驟；手續
2．launch vt.& n. 發射；發起；上市
3．leap n. 跳躍；劇增；劇變
vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過
4．mankind n. 人類
5．desire n. 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
6．signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號
n. 信號；標志
7．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
8．lack n. 缺乏；短缺
vt. 沒有；缺乏
9．float vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮動；使漂流
10．otherwise adv. 否則；要不然
11．beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出
12．current adj. 當前的；現在的
n. 水流；電流；思潮
13．facility n. 設施；設備
14．keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
15．shallow adj. 膚淺的；淺的
16．pattern n. 模式；圖案；模范
17．resource n. 資源；財力；物力
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．mental　adj.　　 精神的；思想的
mentality n. 心態；心理；智力
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
intelligence n. 智力；聰明；智能
3．front n. 前線；前面adj.前面的
frontier n. 邊境；國界；邊遠地區
4．determine vt. 查明；確定；決定
determined adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的
determination n. 決心
5．agent n. 代理人；代理商
agency n. 專門機構；服務機構；代理處
6．transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送
transmission n. 傳輸；發送
7．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望；沮喪
8．universe n. 宇宙；天地萬物
universal adj. 普遍的；全體的；通用的
universally adv. 普遍地；共同地
9．independent adj. 獨立的；自立的
independence n. 獨立
independently adv. 獨立地；自立地
10．sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的
sufficiency n. 足量；足夠
11．globe n. 地球；世界；地球儀
global adj. 全球性的；全世界的
12．argue vt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
argument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點
13．fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的
fatality n. 致命性；死亡
14．analysis n. (對事物的)分析；分析結果
analyse v. 分析
15．regular adj. 定期的；經常的；正常的
regularly adv. 經常；定期地
regularity n. 規律性；經常性
16．limit n. 限制；極限；界限vt.限制
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無限的
17．close v. 關閉
adj. 靠近的；親密的
adv. 緊密地n.結束
closing adj. 結尾的；結束的n.停業；關閉；倒閉
18．mystery n. 神秘事物；謎
mysterious adj. 神秘的
19．attach vt. 系；綁；貼
attachment n. 附屬物；附件
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．合成名詞對對碰
①spacecraft　　　　 航天器；宇宙飛船
②spacewalk 太空行走；太空行走的時間
③housework 家務
④gentleman 紳士
⑤handwriting 書寫
⑥daybreak 破曉
2．后綴 al 形容詞串串記
①globe→global　　　　　　 全球的
②nature→natural 自然的
③culture→cultural 文化的
④universe→universal 普遍的
⑤fate→fatal 致命的
⑥agriculture→agricultural 農業的
3．后綴 less形容詞面面觀
①limit→limitless 無限的
②aim→aimless 漫無目的的
③help→helpless 無助的
④rest→restless 焦躁不安的
⑤use→useless 無用的
⑥power→powerless 無能為力的
⑦hope→hopeless 無望的
⑧tire→tireless 不知疲倦的
|背|短|語|
1．on board　　　　　　　　 在宇宙飛船上；在船上；在飛機上
2．carry on 繼續做，堅持干
3．in the hope of doing sth. 抱著……的希望
4．so as to (do sth.) 為了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 導致；造成
7．as a result 所以；結果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗盡
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學高級句式
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.(動詞不定式作后置定語)
之后，蘇聯專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。
2．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This is because ...“這是因為……”)
這是因為盡管風險巨大，人類還是堅信太空探索極為重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
(otherwise的用法)
宇航員在太空工作時，必須用膠帶把所有的東西固定住，因為所有的東西要不然都會飄走。
二、背主題佳句，學出彩表達
單元主題：太空探索
1．With the development of space science and technology, it is not a remote dream to travel in space.
隨著空間科學技術的發展，到太空旅行已不是遙不可及的夢想。
2．So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙還有很多未探索的領域，我們才剛剛接近這段奇幻發現之旅的起點。
3．Man's exploration into the depths of the universe must be challenging, but as long as we keep enterprising, the future must be bright.
人類向宇宙深處的探索肯定是充滿挑戰的，但只要我們保持進取心，前途一定是光明的。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：形體描寫之“腿”
But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara!
但我的雙腿和雙臂在顫抖，每走一步雙腿就像千萬根針扎進去一樣。每只腳上起了很多水泡，我可受不了。此外，因為我的包是滿滿的，我把所有衣服都穿在身上，這使我覺得很熱。汗水從臉上滴落下來，感覺就像在撒哈拉沙漠！
高分悟道 本段加黑部分中關于腿部動作的描寫，尤其是腿像針扎似的，形象地描繪出了人物疲勞、痛苦的精神狀態。
高分有招 常見的與“腿”相關的高分詞塊有： drag one's heavy legs　　　　　拖著沉重的雙腿 cross one's legs 盤腿 shaky/trembling legs 顫抖的雙腿
本部分內容見《課前默寫本》P639
一、變形詞匯——練清易錯微點　
1．You need to sit down and 　　　　　 (analysis) why you feel so upset.
2．We should do something to make ourselves 　　　　　 (mental) strong.
3．It is 　　　　　 (universal) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
4．While an 　　　　　 (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
5．The new neighbor had 　　　　　 (limit) knitting skills so she asked me to create sweaters for kids in hospital together.
6．Finally, he earned 　　　　　 (sufficiency) money to fulfill his childhood dream after years of hard work.
7．Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them 　　　　　 (independent)．
易錯微點
1．universally是一個副詞，意為“普遍地”或“一般地”，在句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，以強調某種情況或狀態在所有相關的情況下都是成立的。It is universally acknowledged that ...“普遍認為……”。
2．limited adj.“有限的”，此處have limited knitting skills 意為“編織技能有限”。
二、重點詞匯——練后拓展歸納　
1．determine vt.查明；確定；決定
①Everyone concerned acted with great courage and 　　　　　 (determine)．
②(申請信)Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to apply for this job.
聽說你正在招募一些志愿者來歡迎即將到來的外國學生，我決定寫信申請這份工作。
③As he was determined to study hard, Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.(用分詞短語作狀語升級)
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth.　　　　決定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 決定做某事(表示動作)
(2)determined adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的
be determined to do sth. 決心做某事(表示狀態)
(3)determination n．　 決心；決定
with determination 堅決地
2.disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的
①Our results in this market have been rather 　　　　　 (disappoint) compared with last year.
②Unfortunately, we forgot to weigh them, and I was disappointed 　　　　　 (find) they were too small.
③(一句多譯)令他們失望的是，他們第一次嘗試做母親節早餐失敗了。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　， they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. (disappointment)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引導的主語從句)
→They failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, 　　　　　　　　.(定語從句)
(1)be disappointed at/with/by ...　　　　　對……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 對做某事失望
be disappointed that ... 對……失望
(2)disappointment n. 失望；沮喪
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(3)disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮喪
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
3．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
①He has a strong desire 　　　　　 a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②(建議信)Knowing you 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想學好漢語，我想給你提供一些建議。
③(一句多譯)如果你渴望用英語無障礙地與外國人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我們的英語口語俱樂部。
→If 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→If 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do 渴望……做……
名師指津：desire后接名詞性從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
4．signal vt.& vi.標志著；標明；發信號n.信號；標志
①The head teacher signaled to the monitor 　　　　　 (manage) the students strictly.
②(動作描寫)The bell 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
鈴聲表明放學了，學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。
③Fire broke out during the night. The boy immediately 　　　　　　　　　　 for rescue.
夜間突然發生火災。這個男孩立即發出求救信號。
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth.　　　　　　 示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals 交通信號燈
send out a signal 發出信號
5．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏
①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and 　　　　　　　　　　.
健康問題與不良的飲食習慣和缺乏鍛煉密切相關。
②(一句多譯)盡管這對雙胞胎缺乏烹飪經驗，但他們通過上網尋求建議來彌補。
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(狀語從句)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (狀語從句的省略形式)
(1)for lack of　　　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth. 缺乏/缺少某物
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
名師指津：lack作名詞時常與介詞of連用；作動詞時可作及物動詞直接加賓語(不能用于被動語態和進行時)，也可作不及物動詞，后常與介詞for連用；形容詞lacking常與in連用。
6．argue vt.& vi.論證；爭辯；爭論；主張；說服
①As our family income decreased, Father argued 　　　　　 an increase in our pocket money.
②After a heated 　　　　　 (argue) with his parents, Tom left home with anger, walking aimlessly.
③They argued him into 　　　　　 (take) exercise on a regular basis.
④(2022·全國乙卷書面表達)Based on the above chart, 65% of the students 　　　　　　　　 listening English songs while 18% of the students 　　　　　 they can have their English level improved by reading English books.
根據上面的表格，65%的學生贊成聽英語歌曲，而18%的學生主張他們可以通過讀英語書籍提高他們的英語水平。
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 與某人爭論某事
argue for/against sth. 贊成/反對某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 主張……
(2)argument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點
have an argument with 與……爭論/爭吵
7．attach vt.系；綁；貼
①The girl unwrapped her gift box, surprised to find a heartfelt note 　　　　　 (attach) to the present.
②Please find my application letter and résumé in the 　　　　　 (attach).
③(話題寫作之語言學習)You 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 during the process of learning a language.
在學習一門語言的過程中，你再怎么強調閱讀的重要性也不為過。
④(動作描寫)He took out the hammock, 　　　　　　　　 and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.
他拿出吊床，把它系在樹上，愜意地躺在里面，聽著他最喜愛的音樂。
(1)attach ...to ... 把……附在……上；把……綁在……上
attach value/importance/significance/weight to ...
認為……有價值/重要/有意義/有分量
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依戀的；愛慕的
be attached to 喜歡；依戀；附屬于
(3)attachment n. 附件；附屬物；依戀
三、重點短語——練后查找疏漏　
1．result in導致；造成
(補全語段)Misunderstandings ①　　　　　　　 lack of social communication and, if not handled properly, may ②　　　　　　　 more serious problems.③　　　　　　　， we should master sufficient communication skills.
由于缺乏社交溝通而產生的誤解，如果處理不當，可能會導致更嚴重的問題。因此，我們應該掌握足夠的溝通技巧。
result from　　 由……導致；因……而產生
as a result 所以；結果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 沒有結果；徒勞地
2．run out用完；耗盡
(動作描寫)Tom was ①　　　　　　　 Jerry when he ②　　　　　　　 Spike. He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he ③　　　　　　　 Spike. He had to ④　　　　　　　　　 angry Spike. He ran and ran. He didn't shake off Spike until he ⑤　　　　　　　 his strength/his strength ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　.(補全語段)
湯姆在追杰瑞時碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下來，結果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃離憤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力氣耗盡，才甩開了斯派克。
run out of　　 　　 用光；用完(人作主語，有被動語態)
run across 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻煩等)
run for 競選
run away (from) 走掉；跑開；逃避
四、一詞多義——語境中辨詞義(對應右欄詞義填代碼)　
1.①Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly.　　　 ②The current money in China is Renminbi.　　　 ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times.　　　 ④As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing.　　　 1.current A．adj.現在的；當前的 B．adj.流通的 C．n.氣流 D．n.潮流
2.①You are so warm hearted that you launched a campaign to donate food and clothes to people in need.　　　 ②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecraft to the moon in the following year.　　　 ③After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high efficient superior properties.　　　 ④The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993.　　　 2.launch A．vt.發射(衛星等) B．vt.創辦；發行 C．vt.發動；發起(運動、戰役等) D．n.(新產品)投入市場
數智賦能 隨堂訓練—用單元所學知識補全語段
(2022·全國乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎設施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.,
[真題評價]
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible？(　　)
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？(　　)
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
3．What function is expected of the rail drones？(　　)
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text？(　　)
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇說明文，采用了“總—分”的語篇結構。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列黑體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(派生詞)Can a small group of drones (無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？　　　　　　
②(合成詞)Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.　　　　　　
③(熟詞生義)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.　　　　　　
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①make sure　　　　　　　
②on a 24/7 basis 　　　　　　　
③across the board 　　　　　　　
④the latest technologies 　　　　　　　
⑤work on 　　　　　　　
⑥ahead of 　　　　　　　
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎設施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
抓標志：從屬連詞　　　　
判類型：主句＋賓語從句
試翻譯：未來很可能是這樣：應用今天的“天眼”技術確保全球數百萬公里的鐵軌和基礎設施對火車運行全天候都是安全可靠的。
2．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
抓標志：從屬連詞　　　　
判類型：“It is calculated that ...”句型
試翻譯：據計算，歐洲鐵路每年僅在維護上就花費約200億歐元，其中包括派遣維護人員夜間檢修鐵路基礎設施(的費用)。
由教材典句，學高級表達　
句式　otherwise的用法
|解|讀|規|則|
(1)otherwise用作連詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后的句子用虛擬語氣。表示對過去的虛擬，謂語動詞用would/could have done；表示對現在的虛擬，謂語動詞用would/could do。
(2)otherwise還常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句”句型。
|習|練|規|則|　(單句語法填空)
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (give) you a hand.
②Submit your application on time, 　　　　　 you will be banned from participating in the activity.
③I have no money on me now. Otherwise, I 　　　　　　　　　　 (lend) some to you.
|應|用|寫|美|
④(心理描寫)他承認自己所做的事，這是明智的，否則他就會陷入一系列的麻煩。
It was wise of him to admit what he had done，　　　　　　　　　　　 a series of trouble.
⑤(宣傳稿)抓住機會，否則你就不會欣賞到美麗的傳統中國畫了。
Seize the chance, 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.
建構語義場，豐富語料庫　
子語境(一)　太空探索活動
1．the desire to explore the universe 探索宇宙的渴望
2．in the hope of finding out 希望弄明白
3．both dangerous and challenging 既危險又有挑戰性
4．pioneering work 開創性的工作
5．make great progress 取得巨大的進步
6．travel into space 到太空旅行
7．interact with students 與學生們互動
8．have more direct access to 更直觀地了解
9．China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.
中國發射了“天宮二號”空間實驗室進入太空，并發射“天舟一號”與之對接。
10．China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
中國已經發射了“嫦娥四號”，對月球背面進行測量和觀測。
子語境(二)　太空探索的意義
1．remarkable accomplishments　 　 非凡的成就
2．promote technological advancement 促進科技進步
3．inspire our interest in space 激發我們對太空的興趣
4．expand our understanding of the universe
加深我們對宇宙的理解
5．solve some of the big problems facing mankind
解決人類面臨的一些重大問題
6．make our lives safer and easier
使我們的生活更安全、更輕松
7．make contributions to all mankind
為全人類作出貢獻
8．These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology.這些科學和技術進步可在保健、能源和信息技術等許多領域為整個社會帶來好處。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟　
(一)應用單元所學補全語段(黑體字為單元詞匯的復現)
The ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (太空探索的渴望) has never stopped since ancient times. Our ancestors ②　　　　　　　　　　　　 (決定追逐) their dreams of entering skies with determination. Even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board made them disappointed, people's desire to explore space never died. Nowadays, many people ③　　　　　　　　　　 (支持) exploring space. So we must
④　　　　　　　　　 (重視) our mission and make a mark in the final frontier. China is the third country to send humans into space independently, which ⑤　　　　　　　　 (標志著巨大的飛躍) forward in its history. Our ⑥　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (地球的資源是有限的), and as a result, we should find a new home to ⑦　　　　　　　　　 (提供生活所需) the ever increasing population.
(二)主題語段的細節描寫訓練
1．太空逐夢(表達邏輯：好奇→興奮)
Carlos opened the door and just saw Maya ①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (坐在紙板飛船里)．Maya invited Carlos to sit in front of her and drive the spaceship.
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (看到瑪雅臉上的興奮), he got into the spaceship.Then he heard their dad's voice.Their dad stood behind the spaceship, then started making the sound of a spaceship during lift off and ③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (慢慢地推動紙板飛船)．When they came into the living room, there were stars ④　　　　　　　　　　 (在墻上閃耀)．They felt like they were in outer space.A moment later, they stopped at the dinner table where there was a card that said “Best Restaurant in Space”．After getting out of the spaceship, they were walking towards the table, ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　 (就像電視上呈現的那些宇航員一樣)．
2．太空探索的影響(表達邏輯：鼓勵→激勵)
China's Shenzhou 16 astronauts in the Tiangong space station encouraged the primary and secondary school students across the country on Friday, the first day of the new semester, to ①　　　　　　　　　　 (追逐他們的夢想)．Via a video link, Zhu Yangzhu, the country's first flight engineer in space, ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (呼吁學生保持自我激勵), ③　　　　　　　　　　 (補充說) his dream of flying in the sky had never faded.Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University and the country's first civilian astronaut into space, encouraged pupils to ④　　　　　 (保持好奇心)．“Twenty years ago, when I was a sophomore in secondary school, the news I heard from the school radio that Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was successfully launched ignited my passion for space，” he said.“My curiosity for space has guided me in decision making and perseverance.” Jing Haipeng, the commander of the Shenzhou 16 mission, is the first Chinese astronaut to ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (四次進入太空)．He inspired students to ⑥　　　　　　　　　　 (堅持他們的夢想), noting that he had made preparations for ten years before his first space flight.
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
[課堂學案·過詞匯關]
一、變形詞匯
1.analyse　2.mentally　3.universally　4.intelligent　5.limited
6.sufficient　7.independently
二、重點詞匯
1.①determination　②have determined to write
③Determined to study hard
2.①disappointing　②to find　③To their disappointment; What made them disappointed/What disappointed them; which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
3.①for　②have a strong desire to learn Chinese well　③you desire to communicate with foreigners freely; you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
4.①to manage　②signalled that school was over　③sent out a signal
5.①(a) lack of exercise　②Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience; Though lacking/lacking in cooking experience
6.①against　②argument　③taking　④argue for; argue that
7.①attached　②attachment　③can never attach too much importance to reading　④attached it to the trees
三、重點短語
1.①resulting from　②result in　③As a result
2.①running after　②ran across　③ran into　④run away from
⑤ran out of　⑥ran out
四、一詞多義
1.①C　②B　③D　④A　2.①C　②A　③D　④B
[遷移應用·過閱讀關]
[真題評價]
[價值導向]　本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”技術,無人機未來能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節省數十億歐元。選文引導我們未來對高新技術在不同領域的運用前景有一個正確的認識。
1.A　2.C　3.A　4.D
[語篇精讀]
二、1.①n.可靠性　②adj.高壓的　③n.道岔,轉轍器
2.①確保　②全天候　③全面地　④最新技術　
⑤努力改善(或完成)　⑥在……前面;早于
三、1.that　2.that
[發展提升·過表達關]
由教材典句,學高級表達
[句式]　①would/could have given　②otherwise
③would/could lend　④otherwise he would have got into
⑤otherwise you won’t enjoy
主題微寫作,勤練筆不輟
(一)①desire for space exploration　②determined to pursue
③argue for　④attach importance to　⑤signals a giant leap
⑥planet’s resources are limited　⑦provide for
(二)1.①sitting in the cardboard spaceship　②Seeing the excitement on Maya’s face　③pushed the cardboard spaceship slowly　④shining around the walls　
⑤just like those astronauts shown on TV
2.①chase their dreams　②called on students to stay self motivated　③adding that　④stay curious
⑤enter space four times　⑥stick with their dreams
20 / 20(共174張PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
目錄
CONTENTS
遷移應用—過閱讀關
03.
發展提升—過表達關
04.
自主學習—過識記關
01.
課堂學案—過詞匯關
02.
課下雙測—過高考關
05.
1
自主學習—過識記關
|背|單|詞|
一、閱讀單詞(明其義)
1．astronaut n. 　　　　 宇航員；太空人
2．rocket n． 火箭；火箭彈
3．gravity n． 重力；引力
4．vehicle n． 交通工具；車輛
5．satellite n． 人造衛星；衛星
6．orbit n． 軌道；勢力范圍
vt.& vi. 沿軌道運行；環繞……運行
7．giant adj. 巨大的；偉大的
n． 巨人；巨獸；偉人
8．data n. [pl.] 資料；數據
9．spacecraft n． 航天器；宇宙飛船
10．spacewalk n． 太空行走；太空行走的時間
11．module n． 艙；組件；模塊
12．muscle n． 肌肉；實力；影響力
13．solar adj. 太陽的；太陽能的
14．soap n． 肥皂
15．towel n． 毛巾；抹布
16．tissue n． 紙巾；(人、動植物細胞的)組織
17．monitor n． 監視器；監測儀
vt. 監視；監測；監控
18．pillow n． 枕頭
19．smartphone n． 智能手機
20．oxygen n． 氧；氧氣
二、核心單詞(書寫準)
1．procedure n． 程序；步驟；手續
2．launch vt.& n． 發射；發起；上市
3．leap n． 跳躍；劇增；劇變
vi.& vt. 跳過；躍過
4．mankind n． 人類
5．desire n． 渴望；欲望
vt. 渴望；期望
6．signal vt.& vi. 標志著；標明；發信號
n． 信號；標志
7．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用
8．lack n． 缺乏；短缺
vt. 沒有；缺乏
9．float vi. 浮動；漂流；漂浮
vt. 使浮動；使漂流
10．otherwise adv. 否則；要不然
11．beyond prep. 在更遠處；超出
12．current adj. 當前的；現在的
n． 水流；電流；思潮
13．facility n． 設施；設備
14．keen adj. 熱衷的；渴望的
15．shallow adj. 膚淺的；淺的
16．pattern n． 模式；圖案；模范
17．resource n． 資源；財力；物力
三、變形單詞(曉其變)
1．mental　adj.　　 精神的；思想的
mentality n. 心態；心理；智力
2．intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聰明的；有智力的
intelligence n. 智力；聰明；智能
3．front n. 前線；前面adj.前面的
frontier n. 邊境；國界；邊遠地區
4．determine vt. 查明；確定；決定
determined adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的
determination n. 決心
5．agent n. 代理人；代理商
agency n. 專門機構；服務機構；代理處
6．transmit vt.& vi. 傳輸；發送
transmission n. 傳輸；發送
7．disappoint vt. 使失望
disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望；沮喪
8．universe n. 宇宙；天地萬物
universal adj. 普遍的；全體的；通用的
universally adv. 普遍地；共同地
9．independent adj. 獨立的；自立的
independence n. 獨立
independently adv. 獨立地；自立地
10．sufficient adj. 足夠的；充足的
sufficiency n. 足量；足夠
11．globe n. 地球；世界；地球儀
global adj. 全球性的；全世界的
12．arguevt.& vi. 論證；爭辯；爭論
argument n. 爭論；爭吵；論點
13．fatal adj. 致命的；災難性的
fatality n. 致命性；死亡
14．analysis n. (對事物的)分析；分析結果
analyse v. 分析
15．regular adj. 定期的；經常的；正常的
regularly adv. 經常；定期地
regularity n. 規律性；經常性
16．limit n. 限制；極限；界限vt.限制
limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 無限的
17．close v. 關閉adj.靠近的；親密的
adv. 緊密地n.結束
closing adj. 結尾的；結束的n.停業；關閉；倒閉
18．mystery n. 神秘事物；謎
mysterious adj. 神秘的
19．attach vt. 系；綁；貼
attachment n. 附屬物；附件
四、同“族”詞匯(巧積累)
1．合成名詞對對碰　
①spacecraft　　　　 航天器；宇宙飛船
②spacewalk 太空行走；太空行走的時間
③housework 家務
④gentleman 紳士
⑤handwriting 書寫
⑥daybreak 破曉
2．后綴-al 形容詞串串記　
①globe→global　　　　　　 全球的
②nature→natural 自然的
③culture→cultural 文化的
④universe→universal 普遍的
⑤fate→fatal 致命的
⑥agriculture→agricultural 農業的
3．后綴-less形容詞面面觀　
①limit→limitless 無限的
②aim→aimless 漫無目的的
③help→helpless 無助的
④rest→restless 焦躁不安的
⑤use→useless 無用的
⑥power→powerless 無能為力的
⑦hope→hopeless 無望的
⑧tire→tireless 不知疲倦的
|背|短|語|
1．on board　　　　　　　 在宇宙飛船上；在船上；
在飛機上
2．carry on 繼續做，堅持干
3．in the hope of doing sth. 抱著……的希望
4．so as to (do sth.) 為了；以便
5．figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
6．result in 導致；造成
7．as a result 所以；結果(是)
8．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
9．in closing 最后
10．run out 用完；耗盡
|背|佳|句|
一、背教材原句，學高級句式
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.(動詞不定式作后置定語)
之后，蘇聯專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。
2．This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.(This is because ...“這是因為……”)
這是因為盡管風險巨大，人類還是堅信太空探索極為重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.(otherwise的用法)
宇航員在太空工作時，必須用膠帶把所有的東西固定住，因為所有的東西要不然都會飄走。
二、背主題佳句，學出彩表達
單元主題：太空探索
1．With the development of space science and technology, it is not a remote dream to travel in space.
隨著空間科學技術的發展，到太空旅行已不是遙不可及的夢想。
2．So much of the universe remains unexplored that we are still close to the start of this incredible journey of discovery.
宇宙還有很多未探索的領域，我們才剛剛接近這段奇幻發現之旅的起點。
3．Man's exploration into the depths of the universe must be challenging, but as long as we keep enterprising, the future must be bright.
人類向宇宙深處的探索肯定是充滿挑戰的，但只要我們保持進取心，前途一定是光明的。
|背|語|段|
以讀促寫：形體描寫之“腿”
But my legs and arms were shaking. Every step felt like that thousands of needles were sinking into my legs. There were three blisters on each of my feet. I couldn't take it. Besides, because my bag was full, I put all my clothes on me, which made me feel very hot. Sweat was dripping down my face. It felt like I was in the Sahara!
但我的雙腿和雙臂在顫抖，每走一步雙腿就像千萬根針扎進去一樣。每只腳上起了很多水泡，我可受不了。此外，因為我的包是滿滿的，我把所有衣服都穿在身上，這使我覺得很熱。汗水從臉上滴落下來，感覺就像在撒哈拉沙漠！
高分悟道 本段加藍部分中關于腿部動作的描寫，尤其是腿像針扎似的，形象地描繪出了人物疲勞、痛苦的精神狀態。
高分有招 常見的與“腿”相關的高分詞塊有：
drag one's heavy legs　　 拖著沉重的雙腿
cross one's legs 盤腿
shaky/trembling legs 顫抖的雙腿
一、默寫核心單詞
1．experiment 　　　 試驗程序
2． a new product 推出一種新產品
3． with joy 欣喜若狂
4．friends of 人類的朋友
5．have a strong 有強烈的渴望
procedures
launch
leap
mankind
desire
6．the starting 起跑信號
7． materials 回收利用材料
8． self-confidence 缺乏自信
9． in the water 在水中漂浮
10． description 難以形容
signal
recycle
lack
float
beyond
11．a warm 一股暖流
12．education 教育設施
13．be on the ballet 熱衷于芭蕾舞
14．in waters 在淺水區
15．this practice 這種練習模式
16．a very important 一種非常重要的資源
current
facilities
keen
shallow
pattern
resource
二、默寫變形單詞
(依據語境提示在橫線上寫出單詞的正確形式)
mental
mentality
intelligent
intelligence
determine
determined
determination
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
universe
universal
universally
independent
independence
independently
sufficient
sufficiency
globe
global
argue
argument
analysis
analyse
regular
regularly
regularity
三、默寫重點短語
1． 　　　　　 　　 在宇宙飛船上；在船上；
在飛機上
2． 繼續做，堅持干
3． 抱著……的希望
4． 為了；以便
5． 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
on board
carry on
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to (do sth.)
figure out
6． 導致；造成
7． 所以；結果(是)
8． 提供生活所需
9． 最后
10． 用完；耗盡
result in
as a result
provide for sb.
in closing
run out
四、默寫經典句式(完成句子)
1．Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin____________________________________
.
之后，蘇聯專注于載人太空飛行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成為世界上進入太空的第一人。
became the first person in the world to
enter space
2． people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
這是因為盡管風險巨大，人類還是堅信太空探索極為重要。
3．Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because .
宇航員在太空工作時，必須用膠帶把所有的東西固定住，因為所有的東西要不然就會飄走。
This is because
everything would float off otherwise
2
課堂學案—過詞匯關
一、變形詞匯——練清易錯微點　
1．You need to sit down and (analysis) why you feel so upset.
2．We should do something to make ourselves (mental) strong.
3．It is (universal) acknowledged that wealth doesn't necessarily mean happiness.
analyse
mentally
universally
4．While an (intelligence) person can often simplify the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
5．The new neighbor had (limit) knitting skills so she asked me to create sweaters for kids in hospital together.
intelligent
limited
6．Finally, he earned (sufficiency) money to fulfill his childhood dream after years of hard work.
7．Faced with so many problems arising from lack of communication, I didn't know how to deal with them (independent)．
sufficient
independently
易錯微點
1．universally是一個副詞，意為“普遍地”或“一般地”，在句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞，以強調某種情況或狀態在所有相關的情況下都是成立的。It is universally acknowledged that ...“普遍認為……”。
2．limited adj.“有限的”，此處have limited knitting skills 意為“編織技能有限”。
二、重點詞匯——練后拓展歸納　
1．determine vt.查明；確定；決定
①Everyone concerned acted with great courage and _______________
(determine)．
②(申請信)Hearing that you're recruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students, I to apply for this job.
聽說你正在招募一些志愿者來歡迎即將到來的外國學生，我決定寫信申請這份工作。
determination
have determined to write
③As he was determined to study hard, Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.
→ , Kuang Heng dug a small hole in the wall to steal light from his neighbor's house to read at night.(用分詞短語作狀語升級)
Determined to study hard
(1)determine on/upon (doing) sth.　　　 決定(做)某事
determine to do sth. 決定做某事(表示動作)
(2)determined adj. 有決心的；意志堅定的
be determined to do sth. 決心做某事(表示狀態)
(3)determination n．　 決心；決定
with determination 堅決地
2．disappointed adj.失望的；沮喪的
①Our results in this market have been rather ____________________
(disappoint) compared with last year.
②Unfortunately, we forgot to weigh them, and I was disappointed____
(find) they were too small.
disappointing
to
find
③(一句多譯)令他們失望的是，他們第一次嘗試做母親節早餐失敗了。
→ , they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt. (disappointment)
→ was that they failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引導的主語從句)
→They failed to cook the Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt,
.(定語從句)
To their disappointment
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
(1)be disappointed at/with/by ...　　　 對……失望
be disappointed to do sth. 對做某事失望
be disappointed that ... 對……失望
(2)disappointment n． 失望；沮喪
to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
(3)disappoint vt. 使失望；使沮喪
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
3．desire n．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望
①He has a strong desire a smartphone with a large internal memory.
②(建議信)Knowing you , I'd like to offer you some suggestions.
得知你很想學好漢語，我想給你提供一些建議。
for
have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
③(一句多譯)如果你渴望用英語無障礙地與外國人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我們的英語口語俱樂部。
→If , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→If , I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely
you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
(1)have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth. 渴望某人做某事
desire that ...(should) do 渴望……做……
名師指津：desire后接名詞性從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用“(should＋)動詞原形”。
4．signal vt.& vi.標志著；標明；發信號n.信號；標志
①The head teacher signaled to the monitor (manage) the students strictly.
②(動作描寫)The bell , and the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
鈴聲表明放學了，學生們站起來，抓起書包，像箭一樣沖出教室。
to manage
signalled that school was over
③Fire broke out during the night. The boy immediately_____________
for rescue.
夜間突然發生火災。這個男孩立即發出求救信號。
sent out a
signal
(1)signal (to) sb. to do sth.　　示意某人做某事
signal (sb.) that 示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals交 通信號燈
send out a signal 發出信號
5．lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.沒有；缺乏
①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and
.
健康問題與不良的飲食習慣和缺乏鍛煉密切相關。
(a) lack of exercise
②(一句多譯)盡管這對雙胞胎缺乏烹飪經驗，但他們通過上網尋求建議來彌補。
→ , the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(狀語從句)
→ , the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice. (狀語從句的省略形式)
Though they lacked/were lacking in cooking experience
Though lacking/lacking in cooking experience
(1)for lack of　　　 因缺乏……
(a) lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack (for) sth. 缺乏/缺少某物
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……
名師指津：lack作名詞時常與介詞of連用；作動詞時可作及物動詞直接加賓語(不能用于被動語態和進行時)，也可作不及物動詞，后常與介詞for連用；形容詞lacking常與in連用。
6．argue vt.& vi.論證；爭辯；爭論；主張；說服
①As our family income decreased, Father argued an increase in our pocket money.
②After a heated (argue) with his parents, Tom left home with anger, walking aimlessly.
③They argued him into (take) exercise on a regular basis.
against
argument
taking
④(2022·全國乙卷書面表達)Based on the above chart, 65% of the students listening English songs while 18% of the students
they can have their English level improved by reading English books.
根據上面的表格，65%的學生贊成聽英語歌曲，而18%的學生主張他們可以通過讀英語書籍提高他們的英語水平。
argue for
argue that
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth. 與某人爭論某事
argue for/against sth. 贊成/反對某事
argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事
argue that ... 主張……
(2)argument n． 爭論；爭吵；論點
have an argument with 與……爭論/爭吵
7.attach vt.系；綁；貼
①The girl unwrapped her gift box, surprised to find a heartfelt note
(attach) to the present.
②Please find my application letter and résumé in the ______________
(attach).
③(話題寫作之語言學習)You ___________________________________
during the process of learning a language.
在學習一門語言的過程中，你再怎么強調閱讀的重要性也不為過。
attached
attachment
can never attach too much importance
to reading
④(動作描寫)He took out the hammock, and lay in it comfortably, listening to his favorite music.
他拿出吊床，把它系在樹上，愜意地躺在里面，聽著他最喜愛的音樂。
attached it to the trees
(1)attach ...to ... 把……附在……上；
把……綁在……上
attach value/importance/significance/weight to ...
認為……有價值/重要/有意義/有分量
(2)attached adj. 附加的；依戀的；愛慕的
be attached to 喜歡；依戀；附屬于
(3)attachment n． 附件；附屬物；依戀
三、重點短語——練后查找疏漏　
1．result in導致；造成
(補全語段)Misunderstandings ① lack of social communication and, if not handled properly, may ② more serious problems.③ , we should master sufficient communication skills.
由于缺乏社交溝通而產生的誤解，如果處理不當，可能會導致更嚴重的問題。因此，我們應該掌握足夠的溝通技巧。
resulting from
result in
As a result
result from　　 由……導致；因……而產生
as a result 所以；結果(是)
as a result of 由于……
without result 沒有結果；徒勞地
2．run out用完；耗盡
(動作描寫)Tom was ① Jerry when he ②____________
Spike. He ran so fast that he couldn't stop and as a result, he ③__________
Spike. He had to ④ angry Spike. He ran and ran. He didn't shake off Spike until he ⑤ his strength/his strength ⑥ .
(補全語段)
湯姆在追杰瑞時碰到了斯派克。他跑得如此快，以至于停不下來，結果撞到了斯派克身上。他不得不逃離憤怒的斯派克。他跑啊跑，直到力氣耗盡，才甩開了斯派克。
running after
ran across
ran into
run away from
ran out of
ran out
run out of 用光；用完(人作主語，有被動語態)
run across　　　 偶然遇到
run after 追逐；追求
run into 撞上；遇上；偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻煩等)
run for 競選
run away (from) 走掉；跑開；逃避
四、一詞多義——語境中辨詞義(對應右欄詞義填代碼)　
1.①Some birds use warm air currents to help them fly. ___ ②The current money in China is Renminbi. ___ ③We should try our best to go with the current of the times. ___ ④As a journalist, you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing. ___ 1.current
A．adj.現在的；
當前的
B．adj.流通的
C．n.氣流
D．n.潮流

C
B
D
A
2.①You are so warm-hearted that you launched a campaign to donate food and clothes to people in need. ___ ②It is confirmed that China will launch more spacecraft to the moon in the following year. ___ ③After the launch of the products，they have won good praises from customers for their convenient and high-efficient superior properties. ____ ④The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. ____ 2.launch
A．vt.發射
(衛星等)
B．vt.創辦；發行
C．vt.發動；發起(運動、戰役等)
D．n.(新產品)
投入市場

C
A
D
B
數智賦能 隨堂訓練—用單元所學知識補全語段
3
遷移應用—過閱讀關
(說明：文中加藍詞匯為本單元主題詞匯)
(2022·全國乙卷·閱讀理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎設施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
[真題評價]
[價值導向]　本文是一篇說明文。應用今天的“空中之眼”技術，無人機未來能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運營商每年節省數十億歐元。選文引導我們未來對高新技術在不同領域的運用前景有一個正確的認識。
√
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，無人機已經被用于檢查高壓電線。它們同樣可以被用來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎設施的其他重要方面。由此可知，無人機已經被用于檢查高壓電線，這使得無人機在鐵路線上的應用成為可能。故選A。
√
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，據計算，僅歐洲鐵路每年就花費約200億歐元用于維護，包括派遣維護人員，經常在夜間檢查和維修鐵路基礎設施。由此可知，畫線詞指的是“檢查和維修”。故選C。
√
3．What function is expected of the rail drones
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
解析：細節理解題。根據最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones ...react in time.”可知，工程師們現在正在研究一個新概念：未來的鐵路無人機。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運行，并被設定為自動運行。配備了先進傳感器和人工智能的小型無人機可以像副駕駛員一樣引導火車前進。它們有預見未來的能力，可以發出任何問題的信號，這樣快速行駛的列車就能及時做出反應。由此可知，人們期待未來的鐵路無人機具備提供早期預警的功能。故選A。
√
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
解析：標題歸納題。根據第一段第一句“Can a small group of drones (無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？”和下文對無人機在鐵路領域的應用的介紹以及對未來無人機的發展展望可知，在未來，無人機將會保證鐵路的安全性和可靠性，或許會成為鐵路安全的新未來。故D項“無人機將如何改變鐵路的未來”最適合作本文的標題。
[語篇精讀]
一、理文脈，把握文章大意
本文是一篇說明文，采用了“總—分”的語篇結構。
二、拓詞匯，厚積語基語料
1．因境辨義(寫出下列藍體詞在文中的詞性及含義)
①(派生詞)Can a small group of drones (無人機) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？________
②(合成詞)Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.___________
n.可靠性
adj.高壓的
③(熟詞生義)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
________________
n.道岔，轉轍器
2．詞塊積累(寫出下列詞塊在文中的漢語意思)
①make sure　　　　　　　 ______
②on a 24/7 basis _______
③across the board _______
④the latest technologies _________
⑤work on ________________
⑥ahead of _________________
確保
全天候
全面地
最新技術
努力改善(或完成)
在……前面；早于
三、析難句，破解閱讀障礙
1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基礎設施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
抓標志：從屬連詞_____
判類型：主句＋賓語從句
試翻譯：未來很可能是這樣：應用今天的“天眼”技術確保全球數百萬公里的鐵軌和基礎設施對火車運行全天候都是安全可靠的。
that
2．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.
抓標志：從屬連詞_____
判類型：“It is calculated that ...”句型
試翻譯：據計算，歐洲鐵路每年僅在維護上就花費約200億歐元，其中包括派遣維護人員夜間檢修鐵路基礎設施(的費用)。
that
4
發展提升—過表達關
由教材典句，學高級表達　
|解|讀|規|則|
(1)otherwise用作連詞時，有時表示一種含蓄的虛擬條件，此時其后的句子用虛擬語氣。表示對過去的虛擬，謂語動詞用would/could have done；表示對現在的虛擬，謂語動詞用would/could do。
(2)otherwise還常用于“祈使句＋otherwise＋陳述句”句型。
otherwise的用法
|習|練|規|則|　(單句語法填空)
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we
(give) you a hand.
②Submit your application on time, you will be banned from participating in the activity.
③I have no money on me now. Otherwise, I (lend) some to you.
would/could have given
otherwise
would/could lend
|應|用|寫|美|
④(心理描寫)他承認自己所做的事，這是明智的，否則他就會陷入一系列的麻煩。
It was wise of him to admit what he had done，___________________
a series of trouble.
⑤(宣傳稿)抓住機會，否則你就不會欣賞到美麗的傳統中國畫了。
Seize the chance, the beautiful traditional Chinese paintings.
otherwise he would
have got into
otherwise you won't enjoy
建構語義場，豐富語料庫　
子語境(一)　太空探索活動
1．the desire to explore the universe 探索宇宙的渴望
2．in the hope of finding out 希望弄明白
3．both dangerous and challenging 既危險又有挑戰性
4．pioneering work 開創性的工作
5．make great progress 取得巨大的進步
6．travel into space 到太空旅行
7．interact with students 與學生們互動
8．have more direct access to 更直觀地了解
9．China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 to dock with it.
中國發射了“天宮二號”空間實驗室進入太空，并發射“天舟一號”與之對接。
10．China has sent Chang'e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
中國已經發射了“嫦娥四號”，對月球背面進行測量和觀測。
子語境(二)　太空探索的意義
1．remarkable accomplishments　　　 非凡的成就
2．promote technological advancement 促進科技進步
3．inspire our interest in space 激發我們對太空的興趣
4．expand our understanding of the universe
加深我們對宇宙的理解
5．solve some of the big problems facing mankind
解決人類面臨的一些重大問題
6．make our lives safer and easier
使我們的生活更安全、更輕松
7．make contributions to all mankind
為全人類作出貢獻
8．These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology.
這些科學和技術進步可在保健、能源和信息技術等許多領域為整個社會帶來好處。
主題微寫作，勤練筆不輟　
(一)應用單元所學補全語段(藍體字為單元詞匯的復現)
The ① (太空探索的渴望) has never stopped since ancient times. Our ancestors ② ____________________
(決定追逐) their dreams of entering skies with determination. Even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board made them disappointed, people's desire to explore space never died.
desire for space exploration
determined to pursue
Nowadays, many people ③ (支持) exploring space. So we must ④ (重視) our mission and make a mark in the final frontier. China is the third country to send humans into space independently, which ⑤ (標志著巨大的飛躍) ⑥ (地球的資源是有限的), and as a result, we should find a new home to
⑦ (提供生活所需) the ever increasing population.
argue for
attach importance to
signals a giant leap
forward in its history. Our
provide for
planet's resources are limited
(二)主題語段的細節描寫訓練
1．太空逐夢(表達邏輯：好奇→興奮)
Carlos opened the door and just saw Maya ①_________________
(坐在紙板飛船里)．Maya invited Carlos to sit in front of her and drive the spaceship.②_________________________
(看到瑪雅臉上的興奮), he got into the spaceship.Then he heard their dad's voice.Their dad stood behind the spaceship, then
sitting in the
cardboard spaceship
Seeing the excitement on
Maya's face
started making the sound of a spaceship during lift-off and ③_______
(慢慢地推動紙板飛船)．When they came into the living room, there were stars ④_____________________
(在墻上閃耀)．They felt like they were in outer space.A moment later, they stopped at the dinner table where there was a card that said “Best Restaurant in Space”．After getting out of the spaceship, they were walking towards the table, ⑤___________________________________
(就像電視上呈現的那些宇航員一樣)．
pushed
the cardboard spaceship slowly
shining around the walls
just like those astronauts shown on TV
2．太空探索的影響(表達邏輯：鼓勵→激勵)
China's Shenzhou 16 astronauts in the Tiangong space station encouraged the primary and secondary school students across the country on Friday, the first day of the new semester, to ①___________
(追逐他們的夢想)．Via a video link, Zhu Yangzhu, the country's first flight engineer in space, ②_________________________
(呼吁學生保持自我激勵), ③ (補充說)
chase their
dreams
called on students to stay
self-motivated
adding that
his dream of flying in the sky had never faded.Gui Haichao, a professor at Beihang University and the country's first civilian astronaut into space, encouraged pupils to ④ (保持好奇心)．“Twenty years ago, when I was a sophomore in secondary school, the news I heard from the school radio that Shenzhou 5 spacecraft was successfully launched ignited my passion for space，” he said.“My curiosity for space has guided me in decision-making and perseverance.” Jing Haipeng, the commander of the Shenzhou
stay curious
16 mission, is the first Chinese astronaut to ⑤_____________________
(四次進入太空)．He inspired students to ⑥______________________
(堅持他們的夢想), noting that he had made preparations for ten years before his first space flight.
enter space four times
stick with their dreams
5
課下雙測—過高考關
課時作業(一)　
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Should humans explore space If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer.
The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of
different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The navigation system can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural (鄉村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.
Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind.With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids (小行星) or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章具體介紹了進行探索太空的好處和必要性。
√
1．What can space exploration do according to paragraph 2
A．Improve the traffic on the earth.
B．Promote travel between countries.
C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters.
D．Help humans communicate and exchange information.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable ...different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.”可知，太空探索可以幫助人類溝通和交換信息。故選D。
√
2．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger
A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.
B．By transporting food worldwide more easily.
C．By creating job opportunities for the poor.
D．By protecting available land resources.
解析：細節理解題。根據第三段中“The most effective tool is the artificial ...soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”可知，太空項目可以通過利用人造地球衛星促進作物生產來幫助消除貧困和世界饑餓。故選A。
√
3．What does the author think of mining resources on other planets
A．Time-wasting.　　　 B．Arguable.
C．Necessary. D.Educational.
解析：推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段內容可知，地球上的資源是有限的，利用太空技術去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潛力是明智之舉。由此可知，作者認為在其他星球上開采資源是必要的。故選C。
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Why Space Exploration Is Important
B．Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring
C．Why We Should Improve Space Technology
D．Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies
√
解析：標題歸納題。通讀全文，并結合第一段“Should humans explore space If you ask me, I'll definitely give a positive answer.”可知，文章認為人類應該進行太空探索，并具體介紹了探索太空的好處和必要性。因此，A項“為什么太空探索很重要？”符合文章主旨，最適合作為標題。
B
(2025·揚州一模)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you'll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can't help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that's the case, is it possible to contact them
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren't the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying
disk.Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人對此的不同看法。
√
5．Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets
A．An unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B．Life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
C．The government's statement seemed suspicious.
D．There are a great number of planets in the universe.
解析：細節理解題。根據第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets ... the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知，有些科學家認為其他星球上有生命是因為宇宙中有大量的行星。
√
6．What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Examined again to guarantee the correctness.
B．Emphasized again to persuade people.
C．Formally taken back what has been said.
D．Seriously criticized due to poor evidence.
解析：詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“A few hours later ... a flying disk.”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知，該軍事基地宣布他們找到了一個飛碟。不久之后，這一聲明被撤回，據說是一個氣象氣球墜毀。故畫線詞意為“正式收回說過的話”。
√
7．Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A．Are We Alone in the Universe
B．Is It Possible to Contact Aliens
C．Intelligent Life in the Universe
D．Planets Floating out in Space
解析：標題歸納題。根據第一段中“With so many celestial bodies ... is it possible to contact them？”并結合文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命，以及不同的人對此的不同看法可知，A選項最適合作文章標題。
8．How does the author sound in the text
A．Objective. B.Humorous.
C．Cautious. D.Anxious.
解析：推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”；第三段中“Some people believe ... by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe ... between us is too great.”可推知，文中沒有提到作者的觀點，即作者是客觀的語氣。
√
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
(2025·邢臺模擬)
Benefits of Space Exploration
On April 12, 1961, the astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. The age of space exploration started that day. 9 ？ Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.
·Medical benefits
10 . Analyzing the effects of zero-gravity on blood circulation (循環) led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
· 11
The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum-sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. 12 . Yet, we even don't know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future.
·Creation of STEM jobs
Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest-paid jobs in the market. 13 .
A．Space tourism industry
B．Development of new technologies
C．Is exploring space a waste of time and money
D．Today, we still use them in our daily lives
E．So, the growing space industry creates high-paid jobs
F．The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body
G．Why should we spend so much time and money to explore dangerous environments
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空探索的好處。
9．選G　根據下文“Well, the answer is simple.”可知，空處是一個問題。結合下文介紹太空探索帶來的好處遠遠大于它的危險可知，空處應該是在問為什么需要探索太空。G項“為什么我們要花這么多的時間和金錢去探索危險的環境”符合文意，選項中的關鍵詞dangerous照應空后的dangers。
10．選F　根據小標題Medical benefits可知，本段主要介紹太空探索的醫療好處。F項“太空探索的醫學益處覆蓋到人體的每個部分”符合文意，選項中的The medical benefits呼應小標題。
11．選B　根據小標題下的內容可知，本段主要講述了太空探索帶來了科技的進步，故B項“新技術的發展”適合作本段的小標題。
12．選D　根據空前“The space race ...cleaners.”可知，太空競賽帶來了科技進步，如真空密封食品、防火材料和現代真空吸塵器。D項“今天，我們仍然在日常生活中使用它們”承接上文，符合文意，其中them代指上文提到的“vacuum-sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners”。
13．選E　根據上文“Space exploration ... the market.”可知，太空探索創造了高薪工作。E項“因此，不斷發展的太空產業創造了高薪工作”符合文意，是對前文的總結，空前關鍵詞“the highest-paid jobs”呼應選項中的high-paid jobs。
課時作業(二)　
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2025·江蘇南通模擬預測)For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 1 ， Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 2 now, leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was
certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 3 ， she followed her dad's 4 . Arriving in the U．S. with just $300, Trujillo had to 5 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 6 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 7 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 8 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 9 Trujillo's career goals. So she 10 her studies in space science and 11 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America's space agency.
But Diana hasn't 12 there. She also leads by example, 13 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 14 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 15 the stars.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了哥倫比亞長大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困難，成為美國宇航局的一名工程師，領導著團隊負責火星探測器的機械臂的故事。
√
1．A.Therefore　　　　 B．Instead
C．However D.Moreover
解析：根據上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知，對于Diana Trujillo這樣身份的女性來說，在美國宇航局從事科學事業是遙不可及的事情，但她卻做到了，上下文構成轉折關系，應用However“然而”銜接。故選C。
√
2．A.astronaut B.engineer
C．pilot D.doctor
解析：根據下文“leading a 45-person team that's responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，Diana Trujillo領導著團隊負責最新火星探測器的機械臂，而且學的是航空航天工程，因此她應該是一名工程師。故選B。
√
3．A.hesitation B.complaint
C．expectation D.promise
解析：根據上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知，還是個小女孩的時候，Diana就對科學充滿了熱情，因此她會毫不猶豫地接受父親提出的建議，固定短語without hesitation意為“毫不猶豫地”。故選A。
√
4．A.command B.footstep
C．request D.suggestion
解析：根據上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知，此處指父親提出的送她去學習航空航天工程的建議。故選D。
√
5．A.go B.pass
C．struggle D.push
解析：根據上文“with just $300”和下文“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知，Trujillo當時經濟比較困難，得做很多家政工作來賺錢，由此可知，她是艱難地完成了學業，固定短語struggle through意為“艱難地度過”。故選C。
√
6．A.mission B.career
C．adventure D.process
解析：根據上文“Arriving in the U．S. with just $300, Trujillo had to through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知，此處指Trujillo通過打工賺錢來完成學業的過程。故選D。
√
7．A.risk-taking B.life-changing
C．time-consuming D.energy-saving
解析：根據下文“ she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to Trujillo's career goals.”可知，Trujillo由此更堅定地追求自己的職業目標，因此是經歷了另一個改變人生的時刻。故選B。
√
8．A.Realizing B.Remembering
C．Imagining D.Assuming
解析：根據上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知，教授不經意提到的事情讓她意識到了自己離認識宇航員其實很近。故選A。
√
9．A.record B.share
C．inspire D.finish
解析：根據上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知，自己離認識宇航員其實很近這樣的想法會激勵Trujillo的職業目標，讓她繼續努力學習。故選C。
√
10．A.started B.abandoned
C．suspended D.continued
解析：根據上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知，Trujillo一開始學的就是與空間科學相關的專業，后來她真的被美國宇航局學院錄取了，因此她是繼續學習這個專業。故選D。
√
11．A.immediately B.eventually
C．gradually D.suddenly
解析：根據上文敘述的Trujillo克服經濟困難，努力完成學業，以及在教授不經意提到的事情的啟發下，繼續學習可推知，此處指這個過程的結局是她最終成為第一位被美國宇航局學院錄取的拉丁裔女性。故選B。
√
12．A.left B.succeeded
C．stopped D.reached
解析：根據下文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana還做了其他的事情，因此是并沒有就此停止。故選C。
√
13．A.encouraging B.promising
C．allowing D.persuading
解析：根據上文“She also leads by example”可知，Diana在以身作則，因此是通過自己的故事來鼓勵女性在STEM領域從事工作。
√
14．A.symbol B.notice
C．warning D.reminder
解析：根據上文敘述的在哥倫比亞長大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困難，成為美國宇航局的一名工程師可推知，她的故事給予我們的是正面的提醒，告訴我們努力可以助力實現夢想。故選D。
√
15．A.stare at B.reach for
C．long for D.come after
解析：根據上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知，此處是用Trujillo追尋太空夢的故事激勵追尋夢想的人，想要伸手去夠星星的人，只要努力工作，就有大量的機會實現夢想。故選B。
Ⅱ.語法填空
(2025·鄭州模擬)On October 26, China launched the Shenzhou 17 manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard would be sent to stay in orbit for about six months on a space station mission. The Shenzhou 17 crew has 1 youngest lineup since the 2 (construct) of China's Tiangong space station started.
They would perform 3 (variety) of in-orbit space science and application payload tests and experiments, Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the CMSA, announced 4 (formal) at a press conference. They would carry 5 extravehicular (艙外的) activities, set up extravehicular payloads and conduct space station maintenance and other tasks.
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts would do extravehicular experimental maintenance for the first time， 6 is a very challenging task, Lin added.
With space debris (碎片) increasing, its impact on long-term operating spacecraft is unavoidable, Lin said. “Through initial inspections, we 7 (find) that the solar wings of the space station had been hit by tiny space particles (粒子) several times, 8 (cause) minor damages.”
“We already took this into consideration in the design stage, though. At present, all functionality and performance indicators of the space station meet requirements，” he added. The astronauts also had the intention 9 (assess) the functioning and performance of the space station and would test the coordination and compatibility of ground support centers in performing space station operation and management tasks, 10 (aim) at further improving the operating efficiency and fault correction capability of the space station.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。10月26日，中國發射了神舟十七號載人飛船，文章介紹了它的太空任務。
1．the　考查冠詞。修飾形容詞最高級youngest，需用定冠詞the。
2．construction　考查名詞。空前有定冠詞the修飾，空后有介詞of，所以空處需填名詞construction，其為不可數名詞。
3．varieties　考查固定搭配。varieties of為固定搭配，意為“各種各樣的”，故填varieties。
4．formally　考查副詞。修飾動詞announced需用副詞formally，作狀語。
5．out　考查固定搭配。carry out為固定搭配，意為“執行，實施”。
6．which　考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的句子，關系詞替代先行詞在定語從句中作主語，需用關系代詞which引導。
7．have found　考查動詞時態和主謂一致。此處強調過去發生的事情對現在產生的影響，需用現在完成時；主語為we，助動詞用have，故填have found。
8．causing　考查非謂語動詞。空后內容是前句造成的自然而然、意料之中的結果，cause用現在分詞形式作結果狀語，故填causing。
9．to assess　考查非謂語動詞。have the intention to do為固定搭配，意為“有做……的打算”，故填to assess。
10．aimed　考查非謂語動詞。be aimed at為固定短語，意為“以……為目的”，空處用過去分詞aimed作狀語。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作
假定你是李華，你市的科技館將在本周末舉辦“中國太空探索”圖片展，你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。請你給他寫一封郵件，邀請他前往觀看。內容包括：
1．寫信目的；
2．時間與地點；
3．圖片展的內容及目的或意義。
精品課件·名師析題
注意：1.寫作詞數應為80左右；
2．請按如下格式作答。
Dear Carl，
Yours，
Li Hua
參考范文：
Dear Carl，
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can't wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China's space exploration. I'd like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend.According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China's space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua必修3　UNIT 4　單元雙測·課時作業(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
Should humans explore space If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.
The exploration of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world.Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.The navigation system can identify our location anywhere.Furthermore, weather satellites can predict harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger.For example, large pieces of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies.The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite.It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings.Rural (鄉村的) communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap.With the development of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world through video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.
Space exploration is something we can do for future generations.Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day.Overpopulation can be a threat for all mankind.With the development of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids (小行星) or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.
1.What can space exploration do according to paragraph 2
A.Improve the traffic on the earth.
B.Promote travel between countries.
C.Help prevent deadly natural disasters.
D.Help humans communicate and exchange information.
2.How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger
A.By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.
B.By transporting food worldwide more easily.
C.By creating job opportunities for the poor.
D.By protecting available land resources.
3.What does the author think of mining resources on other planets
A.Time wasting.　　　　 B.Arguable.
C.Necessary. D.Educational.
4.What would be the best title for the text
A.Why Space Exploration Is Important
B.Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring
C.Why We Should Improve Space Technology
D.Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies
B
　　(2025·揚州一模)You look up at the sky on a clear and dark night, you’ll see more stars than your eyes can count.Most of these stars have planets, similar to our own, orbiting them.With so many celestial bodies floating out in space, you can’t help but question whether other forms of life exist in the universe.And if that’s the case, is it possible to contact them
Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.Currently, no evidence exists to suggest that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe.Yet with an estimated one trillion planets in our galaxy alone, it seems highly likely that Earthlings aren’t the only intelligent creatures out there.Some claim that life can only develop under perfect circumstances, and Earth is perhaps the only example of this.Other scientists object to this claim, and point out that even on Earth, life can find a way under the most extreme circumstances.
Some people believe that aliens have already visited our planet, but this information is being kept secret by governments.The most famous incident of this kind occurred in Roswell, New Mexico in 1947.On that date, many residents reported seeing an unusual flying disc streak through the sky, before it crashed in a field.When the military heard about the crash, they quickly sealed off the area.A few hours later, the army base announced that it had recovered a flying disk.Shortly after, this statement was retracted and it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed.However, years later one local mortician even claimed that the military had him secretly perform an autopsy on a dead alien body.
Others believe that there certainly are other life forms out there, but the distance between us is too great.Even if we could somehow create a spaceship that travels at the speed of light, it would still probably take several lifetimes to reach them.Then again, we might never have to do this if aliens reach us first.
5.Why do some scientists think there is life on other planets
A.An unusual flying disc was ever witnessed.
B.Life exists despite extreme conditions as those on the Earth do.
C.The government’s statement seemed suspicious.
D.There are a great number of planets in the universe.
6.What does the underlined word “retracted” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Examined again to guarantee the correctness.
B.Emphasized again to persuade people.
C.Formally taken back what has been said.
D.Seriously criticized due to poor evidence.
7.Which of the following might be the best title for the text
A.Are We Alone in the Universe
B.Is It Possible to Contact Aliens
C.Intelligent Life in the Universe
D.Planets Floating out in Space
8.How does the author sound in the text
A.Objective. B.Humorous.
C.Cautious. D.Anxious.
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
　　(2025·邢臺模擬)
Benefits of Space Exploration
On April 12, 1961, the astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. The age of space exploration started that day.　9　 Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.
·Medical benefits
　10　. Analyzing the effects of zero gravity on blood circulation (循環) led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
·　11　
The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum sealed (真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners.　12　. Yet, we even don’t know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future.
·Creation of STEM jobs
Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest paid jobs in the market.　13　.
A.Space tourism industry
B.Development of new technologies
C.Is exploring space a waste of time and money
D.Today, we still use them in our daily lives
E.So, the growing space industry creates high paid jobs
F.The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human body
G.Why should we spend so much time and money to explore dangerous environments
必修3　UNIT 4　單元雙測·課時作業(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
　　(2025·江蘇南通模擬預測)For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet. 　1　, Diana Trujillo has made it — she is a(n) 　2　 now, leading a 45 person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover. Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science. When she was 17, her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering. Without any 　3　, she followed her dad’s 　4　. Arriving in the U.S. with just 300, Trujillo had to 　5　 through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs. The 　6　 was definitely not easy, but Trujillo never complained.
Then came another 　7　 moment for Trujillo. One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with. 　8　 she was “just one person away from knowing an astronaut” was all it took to 　9　 Trujillo’s career goals. So she 　10　 her studies in space science and 　11　 became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007. Since then, Trujillo has worn many hats at America’s space agency.
But Diana hasn’t 　12　 there. She also leads by example, 　13　 women to pursue careers in STEM fields. Her own story is a 　14　 that just beyond that barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to 　15　 the stars.
1.A.Therefore　　　　　　 B.Instead
C.However D.Moreover
2.A.astronaut B.engineer
C.pilot D.doctor
3.A.hesitation B.complaint
C.expectation D.promise
4.A.command B.footstep
C.request D.suggestion
5.A.go B.pass
C.struggle D.push
6.A.mission B.career
C.adventure D.process
7.A.risk taking B.life changing
C.time consuming D.energy saving
8.A.Realizing B.Remembering
C.Imagining D.Assuming
9.A.record B.share
C.inspire D.finish
10.A.started B.abandoned
C.suspended D.continued
11.A.immediately B.eventually
C.gradually D.suddenly
12.A.left B.succeeded
C.stopped D.reached
13.A.encouraging B.promising
C.allowing D.persuading
14.A.symbol B.notice
C.warning D.reminder
15.A.stare at B.reach for
C.long for D.come after
Ⅱ.語法填空
　　(2025·鄭州模擬)On October 26, China launched the Shenzhou 17 manned spaceship, and the three astronauts aboard would be sent to stay in orbit for about six months on a space station mission. The Shenzhou 17 crew has 　1　 youngest lineup since the 　2　(construct) of China’s Tiangong space station started.
They would perform 　3　 (variety) of in orbit space science and application payload tests and experiments, Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the CMSA, announced 　4　 (formal) at a press conference. They would carry 　5　 extravehicular (艙外的) activities, set up extravehicular payloads and conduct space station maintenance and other tasks.
The Shenzhou 17 astronauts would do extravehicular experimental maintenance for the first time,　6　 is a very challenging task, Lin added.
With space debris (碎片) increasing, its impact on long term operating spacecraft is unavoidable, Lin said. “Through initial inspections, we 　7　 (find) that the solar wings of the space station had been hit by tiny space particles (粒子) several times, 　8　 (cause) minor damages.”
“We already took this into consideration in the design stage, though. At present, all functionality and performance indicators of the space station meet requirements,” he added. The astronauts also had the intention 　9　 (assess) the functioning and performance of the space station and would test the coordination and compatibility of ground support centers in performing space station operation and management tasks, 　10　 (aim) at further improving the operating efficiency and fault correction capability of the space station.
Ⅲ.應用文寫作 精品課件·名師析題
　　假定你是李華,你市的科技館將在本周末舉辦“中國太空探索”圖片展,你知道你校的外教Carl是一位太空迷。請你給他寫一封郵件,邀請他前往觀看。內容包括:
1.寫信目的;　2.時間與地點;
3.圖片展的內容及目的或意義。
注意:1.寫作詞數應為80左右;
2.請按如下格式作答。
Dear Carl,



Yours,
Li Hua
必修 3　UNIT 4
課時作業(一)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
[A]
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章具體介紹了進行探索太空的好處和必要性。
1.選D　細節理解題。根據第二段中“Satellites moving around the earth enable ...different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.”可知,太空探索可以幫助人類溝通和交換信息。故選D。
2.選A　細節理解題。根據第三段中“The most effective tool is the artificial ...soil rainfall, and droughts.It can then send this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”可知,太空項目可以通過利用人造地球衛星促進作物生產來幫助消除貧困和世界饑餓。故選A。
3.選C　推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段內容可知,地球上的資源是有限的,利用太空技術去使用和探索其他行星的巨大潛力是明智之舉。由此可知,作者認為在其他星球上開采資源是必要的。故選C。
4.選A　標題歸納題。通讀全文,并結合第一段“Should humans explore space If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.”可知,文章認為人類應該進行太空探索,并具體介紹了探索太空的好處和必要性。因此,A項“為什么太空探索很重要 ”符合文章主旨,最適合作為標題。
[B]
語篇解讀:本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命,以及不同的人對此的不同看法。
5.選D　細節理解題。根據第二段中“Yet with an estimated one trillion planets ... the only intelligent creatures out there.”可知,有些科學家認為其他星球上有生命是因為宇宙中有大量的行星。
6.選C　詞義猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“A few hours later ... a flying disk.”以及后文“it was said that it was a weather balloon that crashed”可知,該軍事基地宣布他們找到了一個飛碟。不久之后,這一聲明被撤回,據說是一個氣象氣球墜毀。故畫線詞意為“正式收回說過的話”。
7.選A　標題歸納題。根據第一段中“With so many celestial bodies ... is it possible to contact them ”并結合文章主要論述了太空中是否還存在其他形式的生命,以及不同的人對此的不同看法可知,A選項最適合作文章標題。
8.選A　推理判斷題。根據第二段中“Science is still somewhat divided on this issue.”;第三段中“Some people believe ... by governments.”以及最后一段中“Others believe ... between us is too great.”可推知,文中沒有提到作者的觀點,即作者是客觀的語氣。
Ⅱ.閱讀七選五
語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了太空探索的好處。
9.選G　根據下文“Well, the answer is simple.”可知,空處是一個問題。結合下文介紹太空探索帶來的好處遠遠大于它的危險可知,空處應該是在問為什么需要探索太空。G項“為什么我們要花這么多的時間和金錢去探索危險的環境”符合文意,選項中的關鍵詞dangerous照應空后的dangers。
10.選F　根據小標題Medical benefits可知,本段主要介紹太空探索的醫療好處。F項“太空探索的醫學益處覆蓋到人體的每個部分”符合文意,選項中的The medical benefits呼應小標題。
11.選B　根據小標題下的內容可知,本段主要講述了太空探索帶來了科技的進步,故B項“新技術的發展”適合作本段的小標題。
12.選D　根據空前“The space race ...cleaners.”可知,太空競賽帶來了科技進步,如真空密封食品、防火材料和現代真空吸塵器。D項“今天,我們仍然在日常生活中使用它們”承接上文,符合文意,其中them代指上文提到的“vacuum sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners”。
13.選E　根據上文“Space exploration ... the market.”可知,太空探索創造了高薪工作。E項“因此,不斷發展的太空產業創造了高薪工作”符合文意,是對前文的總結,空前關鍵詞“the highest paid jobs”呼應選項中的high paid jobs。
課時作業(二)
Ⅰ.完形填空
語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了哥倫比亞長大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困難,成為美國宇航局的一名工程師,領導著團隊負責火星探測器的機械臂的故事。
1.選C　根據上文“For a little girl growing up in Colombia in the 1980s, a science career with NASA may have seemed like setting foot on a faraway planet.”和下文“Diana Trujillo has made it”可知,對于Diana Trujillo這樣身份的女性來說,在美國宇航局從事科學事業是遙不可及的事情,但她卻做到了,上下文構成轉折關系,應用However“然而”銜接。故選C。
2.選B　根據下文“leading a 45 person team that’s responsible for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover”“to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,Diana Trujillo領導著團隊負責最新火星探測器的機械臂,而且學的是航空航天工程,因此她應該是一名工程師。故選B。
3.選A　根據上文“Born in 1983, even as a young girl, Diana was certain of her passion for science.”可知,還是個小女孩的時候,Diana就對科學充滿了熱情,因此她會毫不猶豫地接受父親提出的建議,固定短語without hesitation意為“毫不猶豫地”。故選A。
4.選D　根據上文“her dad offered to send her to Miami, Florida to study Aerospace Engineering”可知,此處指父親提出的送她去學習航空航天工程的建議。故選D。
5.選C　根據上文“with just 300”和下文“by doing a series of housekeeping jobs”可知,Trujillo當時經濟比較困難,得做很多家政工作來賺錢,由此可知,她是艱難地完成了學業,固定短語struggle through意為“艱難地度過”。故選C。
6.選D　根據上文“Arriving in the U.S. with just 300, Trujillo had to 　　　　through school by doing a series of housekeeping jobs.”可知,此處指Trujillo通過打工賺錢來完成學業的過程。故選D。
7.選B　根據下文“　　　　 she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’ was all it took to 　　　　Trujillo’s career goals.”可知,Trujillo由此更堅定地追求自己的職業目標,因此是經歷了另一個改變人生的時刻。故選B。
8.選A　根據上文“One of her professors casually mentioned an astronaut they were acquainted with.”和下文“she was‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可推知,教授不經意提到的事情讓她意識到了自己離認識宇航員其實很近。故選A。
9.選C　根據上文“she was ‘just one person away from knowing an astronaut’”可知,自己離認識宇航員其實很近這樣的想法會激勵Trujillo的職業目標,讓她繼續努力學習。故選C。
10.選D　根據上文“to study Aerospace Engineering”和下文“became the first Hispanic (拉丁裔的) woman to be admitted to the NASA Academy in 2007”可知,Trujillo一開始學的就是與空間科學相關的專業,后來她真的被美國宇航局學院錄取了,因此她是繼續學習這個專業。故選D。
11.選B　根據上文敘述的Trujillo克服經濟困難,努力完成學業,以及在教授不經意提到的事情的啟發下,繼續學習可推知,此處指這個過程的結局是她最終成為第一位被美國宇航局學院錄取的拉丁裔女性。故選B。
12.選C　根據下文“She also leads by example”可知,Diana還做了其他的事情,因此是并沒有就此停止。故選C。
13.選A　根據上文“She also leads by example”可知,Diana在以身作則,因此是通過自己的故事來鼓勵女性在STEM領域從事工作。
14.選D　根據上文敘述的在哥倫比亞長大的Diana Trujillo克服重重困難,成為美國宇航局的一名工程師可推知,她的故事給予我們的是正面的提醒,告訴我們努力可以助力實現夢想。故選D。
15.選B　根據上文“lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to”可推知,此處是用Trujillo追尋太空夢的故事激勵追尋夢想的人,想要伸手去夠星星的人,只要努力工作,就有大量的機會實現夢想。故選B。
Ⅱ.語法填空
語篇解讀:本文是一篇新聞報道。10月26日,中國發射了神舟十七號載人飛船,文章介紹了它的太空任務。
1.the　考查冠詞。修飾形容詞最高級youngest,需用定冠詞the。
2.construction　考查名詞。空前有定冠詞the修飾,空后有介詞of,所以空處需填名詞construction,其為不可數名詞。
3.varieties　考查固定搭配。varieties of為固定搭配,意為“各種各樣的”,故填varieties。
4.formally　考查副詞。修飾動詞announced需用副詞formally,作狀語。
5.out　考查固定搭配。carry out為固定搭配,意為“執行,實施”。
6.which　考查定語從句。空處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面的句子,關系詞替代先行詞在定語從句中作主語,需用關系代詞which引導。
7.have found　考查動詞時態和主謂一致。此處強調過去發生的事情對現在產生的影響,需用現在完成時;主語為we,助動詞用have,故填have found。
8.causing　考查非謂語動詞。空后內容是前句造成的自然而然、意料之中的結果,cause用現在分詞形式作結果狀語,故填causing。
9.to assess　考查非謂語動詞。have the intention to do為固定搭配,意為“有做……的打算”,故填to assess。
10.aimed　考查非謂語動詞。be aimed at為固定短語,意為“以……為目的”,空處用過去分詞aimed作狀語。
Ⅲ.應用文寫作(參考范文)
Dear Carl,
Knowing that you are keen on the space, I can’t wait to inform you that there will be a photo exhibition whose theme is about China’s space exploration. I’d like to invite you to visit it.
The photo exhibition will take place in the Science and Technology Museum at 9 am this weekend.According to the introduction by the museum, to enable the general public to know more about China’s space exploration, the exhibition will show what progress China has made and how China has struggled to explore the space during the decades despite lots of difficulty.
Surely, it is a good opportunity to know more about the space, and I believe that you will be interested in it.Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
8 / 8

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